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All Journal Al-Ulum Intizar LAW REVIEW JURNAL IQRA´ ARISTO Abdimas Dewantara Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Jurnal Ilmu Hukum The Juris Jurnal Yuridis Otentik's : Jurnal Hukum Kenotariatan Selisik : Jurnal Hukum dan Bisnis Syntax Idea Jurnal Medika Hutama Enrichment : Journal of Management Science Midwifery Attractive : Innovative Education Journal Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences LEGAL BRIEF Journal of Holistic and Traditional Medicine (JHTM) JOELS: Journal of Election and Leadership Jurnal Alwatzikhoebillah : Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Ekonomi, Humaniora Jurnal Sosial dan Teknologi Devotion: Journal of Research and Community Service Jurnal Studi Islam Lintas Negara (Journal of Cross-Border Islamic Studies) Berajah Journal International Journal of Social Service and Research Cendikia : Media Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Multidiciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issue (Morfai Journal) Bulletin of Community Engagement Sibatik Journal : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan Collegium Studiosum Journal International Journal of Social Science, Education, Communication and Economics Jurnal DIALEKTIKA : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review (JILPR) Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah Berdikari : Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities J-ABDIPAMAS (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) Borneo : Journal of Islamic Studies Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Indonesia Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Cross-border Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam IIJSE Cross-Border Journal of Business Management Journal of Innovative and Creativity MARAS : Jurnal Penelitian Multidisplin Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Jurnal Intelek Dan Cendikiawan Nusantara SEIKAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration Presidensial: Jurnal Hukum, Administrasi Negara, Dan Kebijakan Publik Referendum Federalisme : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Ilmu Komunikasi Mahkamah: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Kebijakan Publik Jurisprudensi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Majelis: Jurnal Hukum Indonesia IPSSJ Journal of Islamic Economic Laws Prosiding Seminar Nasional Indonesia CAPITALIS (JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND BUSINESS (INJOSS) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS (INJOSER) International Journal of Teaching and Learning (INJOTEL) Jurnal Administrasi Negara Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis, Manajemen dan Akuntansi (JEBIMAN) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE (INJOLE) BORJUIS (JURNAL OF ECONOMY) Jurnal Kesehatan (JK) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS (IJEFE) Jurnal Salome (Multidisipliner Keilmuan) International Journal of Social and Education (INJOSEDU) JUTEQ (JURNAL TEOLOGI & TAFSIR) NETIZEN (JOURNAL OF SOCIETY AND BUSSINESS) ZAHRA (JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH) Journal of Community Dedication Indonesian Journal of Education (INJOE) Journal of Law and Nation Humanitis (Jurnal Humaniora Sosial dan Bisnis) Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis (Jebi) Jurnal Komunikasi Review of International Economy and finance (RITEF)
Gunawan Widjaja
Faculty Of Law Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta, Indonesia
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Astronomy Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA DALAM KEJAHATAN SIBER (CYBERCRIME) DI ERA DIGITAL: KAJIAN PUSTAKA TERHADAP KETERBATASAN REGULASI HUKUM PIDANA INDONESIA Gunawan Widjaja
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20591939

Abstract

The development of information and communication technology in the digital age has brought significant changes to various aspects of human life, including the emergence of a new form of technology-based crime: cybercrime. This study aims to analyze criminal liability in cybercrime and identify the limitations of Indonesian criminal law regulations in addressing cybercrime. The study employs a normative legal research method using a literature review approach. The findings indicate that although Indonesia has established a legal foundation for criminal liability through the Criminal Code (KUHP) and the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE), the effectiveness of law enforcement remains hindered by scattered regulatory limitations, the continued existence of legal gaps regarding certain forms of cybercrime, inconsistencies between the Criminal Code and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, weaknesses in the regulation of electronic evidence, as well as limitations in human resources and digital forensic infrastructure. This study concludes that strengthening criminal liability for cybercrime requires a more comprehensive reform of criminal law, regulatory harmonization, enhanced technical capacity of law enforcement agencies, and strengthened international cooperation to address the transnational nature of cybercrime.
RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN THE NEW CRIMINAL CODE: A LITERATURE REVIEW ANALYSING THE SHIFT IN THE PARADIGM OF PUNISHMENT FROM RETRIBUTIVE TO REHABILITATIVE IN INDONESIA Gunawan Widjaja
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20591955

Abstract

The New Criminal Code, enacted through Law No. 1 of 2023, marks a renewal of national criminal law by positioning punishment no longer merely as retribution, but also as a means of prevention, rehabilitation of offenders, conflict resolution, and the restoration of balance between offenders, victims and society. Within this framework, restorative justice has gained an increasingly important position as an approach that reflects the shift in the paradigm of punishment from retributive to rehabilitative and restorative in Indonesia. This study aims to analyse the implementation of restorative justice in the New Criminal Code and to examine the accompanying shift in the paradigm of punishment through a literature review approach. The method used is a literature review. The findings indicate that the New Criminal Code accommodates a more humanistic approach to punishment through an emphasis on victim restoration, the social reintegration of offenders, the use of alternative sanctions, and the restriction of imprisonment to a last resort. Furthermore, the implementation of restorative justice in practice still requires harmonisation of regulations among law enforcement agencies, strengthening of institutional capacity, and a common understanding among officials to prevent disparities in application. Thus, restorative justice in the New Criminal Code can be understood as part of the transformation of Indonesia’s penal system towards a model that is more rehabilitative, corrective, and responsive to the needs for substantive justice in society.
EFEKTIVITAS SANKSI ALTERNATIF (KERJA SOSIAL) DALAM KUHP BARU UNTUK TINDAK PIDANA RINGAN: TINJAUAN PUSTAKA COMPARATIF DENGAN PRAKTIK DI NEGARA LAIN Gunawan Widjaja
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20591981

Abstract

This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of alternative sanctions in the form of community service under the New Criminal Code (KUHP) (Law No. 1 of 2023) for minor offences, as well as to conduct a comparative literature review of community service practices in other countries. The research method employed is a literature review (library research) using a juridical-normative approach, a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative approach. The results of the study indicate that community service under the New Criminal Code has great potential to serve as an effective alternative sanction, as it is designed to be more proportionate, humane, and rehabilitation-oriented compared to short-term imprisonment, whilst also addressing the issue of prison overcrowding. However, its effectiveness cannot be automatically achieved without the support of operational implementing regulations, robust oversight mechanisms, and a structured evaluation system. A comparative review with the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Canada shows that the success of community service is highly dependent on the strengthening of probation institutions, a strict monitoring and evaluation system, and coordination between law enforcement agencies and local governments. This study recommends that the central government immediately issue implementing regulations, optimise the role of the Correctional Services Agency, and adopt best practices from the countries under comparison to ensure that community service achieves the intended objectives of sentencing.
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA MEDIS PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 1/PUU-XXIV/2025: ANALISIS KAJIAN PUSTAKA TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PARADIGMA TANGGUNG JAWAB MEDIS DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP HUKUM KESEHATAN INDONESIA Gunawan Widjaja
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20591999

Abstract

Medical disputes are an increasingly prominent phenomenon within Indonesia’s healthcare system, in line with the public’s growing legal awareness of patients’ rights. This study aims to analyse the shift in the paradigm of medical liability and the impact of Constitutional Court Decision No. 1/PUU-XXIV/2025 on the medical dispute resolution system in Indonesia, using a normative legal research method with a literature review approach. The results of the study indicate that the Constitutional Court’s decision has fundamentally altered the paradigm of medical liability from a fault-based liability approach towards a more proportional system with stronger legal protection for healthcare professionals acting in accordance with professional standards. The mechanism for resolving medical disputes has undergone a transformation with the strengthening of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) as the primary step before litigation, the independence of the Indonesian Health Council (KKI) and the Medical College, and the clarification of the rational boundary between medical risk and criminal negligence through the role of the Professional Disciplinary Council as a professional gatekeeper. The implications for Indonesian health law include the codification of a more effective ADR system, the strengthening of legal protection for healthcare professionals to prevent the criminalisation of medical actions that comply with standards, and the guarantee of access to justice for patients who have genuinely suffered harm through mechanisms that are faster, cheaper, confidential and fair. This study concludes that the transformation of the medical dispute resolution system reflects the maturity of Indonesia’s health law system, which seeks to balance patients’ rights to health and legal protection for healthcare professionals.
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA HARTA GONO-GINI PASCA PERCERAIAN: ANALISIS KAJIAN PUSTAKA TERHADAP KETIDAKPASTIAN HUKUM PEMBAGIAN HARTA BAWAAN YANG TERCAMPUR DENGAN HARTA BERSAMA DALAM YURISPRUDENSI MAHKAMAH AGUNG RI Gunawan Widjaja
JOURNAL OF LAW AND NATION Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Law and Nation
Publisher : INTELIGENSIA MEDIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20663549

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the resolution of disputes over marital property following divorce, with a focus on the legal uncertainty surrounding the division of separate property that has been commingled with marital property in the case law of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia. This issue is important to examine because Indonesian marriage law essentially stipulates that assets acquired during marriage constitute joint property, while separate property remains under the control of each party; however, this provision has not provided detailed criteria regarding the legal status of separate property that has merged or become integrated into the household’s economic life. Consequently, disputes over the division of assets following divorce often lead to differing interpretations, both regarding the standard of proof and in judicial deliberations, particularly when determining the boundary between individual and joint rights over an asset. This study employs a literature review method with a normative legal approach. The findings conclude that legal uncertainty in the division of separate property that has been commingled with joint property stems from the absence of clear normative parameters regarding the form of commingling, the extent of each party’s contribution, and uniform evidentiary standards in judicial practice. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen regulations and develop more operational judicial guidelines so that the resolution of post-divorce marital property disputes not only reflects substantive justice but also ensures legal certainty and consistency in judicial decisions within the Indonesian judicial system.
A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF ECONOMIC LAW IN SUPPORTING DOMESTIC TRADE IN INDONESIA Gunawan Widjaja
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS Vol. 2 No. 12 (2026): INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS (IJEFE)
Publisher : CV. Adiba Aisha Amira

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20520168

Abstract

This study examines the role of economic law in supporting national trade in Indonesia through a literature review using a normative legal approach. Economic law is positioned as a vital instrument in creating legal certainty, justice, protection for business operators and consumers, and orderliness in national trade activities. The discussion indicates that Law No. 7 of 2014 on Trade serves as the primary foundation for regulating national trade, whilst the development of digital trade and globalisation demands more responsive regulatory adaptation. The findings also confirm that the implementation of economic law still faces a number of challenges, such as regulatory disharmony, weak supervision, infrastructure limitations, and the complexity of electronic-based trade. Therefore, the strengthening of economic law is necessary so that national trade can develop in an orderly, fair, and sustainable manner.
Generation Z and Hoaxes: The Challenges of Media Education in the Digital Native Era Agus Supriyanto; Gunawan Widjaja; Mowafg Masuwd
Attractive : Innovative Education Journal Vol. 7 No. 3 (2025): Attractive : Innovative Education Journal
Publisher : CV. Creative Tugu Pena

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51278/aj.v7i3.1742

Abstract

This study examines the challenges of media education in addressing the spread of hoaxes among Generation Z, who are digital natives living in the digital era. Although Generation Z has extensive access to technology and social media, their levels of digital literacy vary significantly, particularly in information verification and digital ethics. Their susceptibility to hoaxes is influenced by the intensity of social media use, limited critical thinking skills, and the insufficient integration of media literacy into formal education. Using a literature review method, this study analyzes the characteristics of Generation Z, the factors contributing to their vulnerability to hoaxes, and effective strategies for strengthening media literacy. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive, collaborative, and adaptive media literacy education that aligns with technological developments and the specific characteristics of Generation Z, enabling them to become smart, critical, and responsible digital citizens. This study contributes to the understanding of how media education can be optimized to enhance Generation Z’s resilience against misinformation, offering a conceptual framework for developing more effective and contextually relevant media literacy programs
Co-Authors Aat Ruchiat Nugraha Abadi, Songga Aurora Abd. Basir Abdul Samad Arief Abdul Wahab Syakhrani Abdur Rahman Achmad Fazrin Adi Rumanto Waruwu Adrian Bima Putra Adrian Bima Putra Advitama, Dave Affandi Affandi Agus Supriyanto Agus Supriyanto Agustinus Nugroho Jati Aisyah, Shyavara Alam Anbari Anastasia Prestika Andina Rahmayani Andreani Dewanto Andreas Harry Andreas Harry Anggia Az Zahra Anindita Widyapradnya Annas Tasya N.A Annas Tasya N.A, Annisa Rachmawati, Dsk Putu Ayu L.A, Khaerunnisa Ade P., Muhammad Fachri, Pradita Ajeng S.A Annisa Purwo Hastuti Annisa Rachmawati Ari Rahmat Elsad Arif Rahman Baihaqi Arman Harahap Asep Saepullah Aslan Aslan Aslan Aslan Aswan Athalia Christine L Ayu Miya Maryani B.M.A.S. Anaconda Bangkara Bintan R. Saragih Brian Matthew Budi Suranto Bangun Cecep Suhardiman Cecep Suhardiman Cecep Suhardiman Cesarianti, Fransiska Milenia Chairunnissa Chairunnissa Christiawan, Rio Christina Herawati G Damun, Damun Danang Rahmat Surono Dave Advitama Delia Bazlina Deny Wicaksono, Deny Dhanudibroto, Handojo Dheas Syahreza Muslim Diana ., Diana Diana Laila Ramatillah Dimas Tripraditiya Dipo Pramudito Dipo Pramudito Dsk Putu Ayu L.A Dumilah Ayuningtyas Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Ekasari, Silvia Ekha Sri Sugiarti Elisabeth Purnama Massang Enna Budiman Enna Budiman Ersita Yustanti, Dyah Fachrurazi Farika Nikmah Farrel Abiyu Ramadhana Fitra Sri Rahayu Grace Riana H. Deni Salahuddin Hadenan Towpek Hadenan Towpek Halim , Adriansyah Handojo Dhanudibroto Handojo Dhanudibroto Handojo Dhanudibroto Handojo Dhanudibroto Hansel Kalama Hardijan Rusli, Hardijan Harry, Andreas Hatta, Ignatius Bambang Sukarno Hendra . Hendrawan Hendrawan Hendriarto, Prasetyono Heri Kustanto Hernita Hernita Hernita Hotma P. Sibuea Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Ita Nurcholifah Iyad Abdallah Al- Shreifeen Iyad Abdallah Al-Shreifeen Jahidin Kuswanto Januar Agung Saputera Jessica Francis Gunawan Jestin Justian Juliana, Juliana Junior B. Gregorius Karunia Ilham Karim Kevin Neil McVey Khaerunnisa Ade P. Khairul Nizam bin Zainal Badri Khalimi Khalimi Khalimi Lalu Syaifudin Lidya Cristy S Loso Judijanto M Reydhi Suwanda M Ruswan Talaohu M. Hafiz Aini M. Zahari Mahmudin, Tono Mailinda, Nur Martedjo, Wagiman Martin Maurer M.Marpaung Megasari Sijabat, Fittry Mellisa Efiyanti Mellisa Efiyanti Melyana Melyana Mervyn Mervyn Michael Matthew Michelle Angelika S Mika Anabelle Miya Maryani, Ayu Moch. Isra Hajiri Mochammad Roufal Moh. Imam Ishomuddin Zuhri Mohammad Ahmad Bani Amer Monica Monica Mowafg Masuwd Muhammad Anas Ma`arif Muhammad Fachri Muhammad Ikhwan Muhammad Ikhwan Muhammad Nagieb Muhammad Naufal Arifiyanto Muhammad Rayyan Firdaus Muthia Rachman Nadila Citra Aprilia Naiborhu, Mesa Indra Ni Nyoman Ari Triantari Nini Putri Wijaya, Nini Putri Nofianty Helyo Novan Dzaky Pangestu Novi Puji Lestari Novi Rizky Ramadhani Novi Rizky Ramadhani Nugroho, Sudrajat Mukti Nur Ulfa Maulida Nurwita, Nurwita Oggy Satya Tambunan Olivia Pauline Hartanti Poetranto, Soeryo Pradita Ajeng S.A Puji Hastuti Rafa Zahirah Husein Rahadian Bayu Anggoro Rahardja, Tony Rahmat Nasution Raissa Arlyn Manikam Rajes Khana Ramdan Yusuf Renaldi Immanuel Panggabean Renaldi Immanuel Panggabean Retnaningtyas Insyira Retnaningtyas Insyira, Anggia Az Zahra, Nadila Citra Aprilia, Chairunnissa, Muhammad Rayyan Firdaus, Novan Dzaky Pangestu Reza Sutrianingtyas Rahayu Rianti Nurul Oktavia Rif'ah Rif'ah Rifa’at Hanifa Muslimah Rifa’at Hanifa Muslimah Rio Johan Putra Ririn Nurhidayanti Rizka Anindya Manjayani Rizky Yosa Adhi Prabowo Robby Sulivan, Robby Robert Iskandar Rumanto Waruwu, Adi Salmon Sihite Salsa Rizkya Samsuto, Samsuto Sanchita Bhattacharya Sanjaya, Aditya Santika Santika Sarah Ramadona Sardjana Orba Manullang Savira Lovianda Gunawan Sendi Sanjaya Sendi Sanjaya SH Septy Kusuma Septy Kusuma, Arif Rahman Baihaqi, M Ruswan Talaohu, Santika, Sarah Ramadona, Salsa Rizkya Setiawan, Lisno Shella Felicia Shohib MUSLIM Sihite, Salmon Silalahi, Yohanes B O Siti Hafifa Marlinda Putri Siti Nur Azizah Siti Rokayah Songga Aurora Abadi Songga Aurora Abadi Sri Sugiarti, Ekha Sudrajat, Maman Sukh Pawen Jit Kaur Sunnah, Sunnah Syavitri Ramadhani Sylvana, Yana Tahir, Usman Tamrin Tamrin Tanti Herawati Taufik Rahman Taupik Alpiyandi Theresia Vena Tiwi Siftiyani Rosidah Towpek, Hadenan Ummah, Iriaty Khairul Usman Tahir Viony Kresna Sumantri Vivin Caronia WAGIMAN Wagiman Wagiman Wagiman . Wagiman Wagiman WAHYUDI Wibowo Laksono Widodo Wibowo, Basuki Rekso Widjaja, Liza Wijaya, Hanna Wirawan, Vani Yana Sylvana Yohanes Firmansyah Yohanes Firmansyah Yohanes Firmansyah Yohanes Firmansyah Yohanes Firmansyah Yuli Supriani Yuri Anggi Yustinus Lambang Setyo Putro Yustinus Rurie Wirawan Yusuf, Ramdan Zainal Arifin