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All Journal International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Medical Journal of Indonesia Nexus Biomedika Proceeding Seminar LPPM UMP Tahun 2014 Public Health of Indonesia Paediatrica Indonesiana AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal Al-sihah: The Public Health Science Journal Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Indonesian Journal of Medicine Journal of Health Policy and Management Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Journal of Maternal and Child Health Jurnal Surya Masyarakat Jurnal Keperawatan Terpadu (Integrated Nursing Journal) Jurnal Respirasi (JR) Jurnal Surya Masyarakat Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings Narra J Proceedings of the International Conference on Nursing and Health Sciences Journal of Health and Nutrition Research Proceeding ISETH (International Summit on Science, Technology, and Humanity) Prosiding University Research Colloquium The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy Journal of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
Vitri Widyaningsih
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A Kentingan Jebres, Surakarta 57126 Telepon (0271) 664178 2 Occupational Health and Safety Program, Faculty of Me
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Meta-Analysis on the Effect of Zinc on Reducing Diarrhea Episode in Toddlers Widayati, Purwika; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Widyaningsih, Vitri
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Diarrhea is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in toddlers in the world. A number of studies have shown that zinc supplements can reduce the severity and duration of diarrhea in toddlers. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of zinc on reducing diarrhea episode in toddlers.Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis conducted using PRISMA systematic guideline. Articles published between year 2000 and 2019 were selected from PubMed, Science Direct, and Springer Link databases. Six articles met the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) criteria. These studies were conducted in developing countries. A sample of 692 children divided into two groups of 348 zinc and 344 placebo. The data were analyzed by Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3 program. The results were assessed for Mean difference (MD) and the analysis was carried out for heterogeneity.Results: There was a high heterogeneity between experiments (I2 = 91%; p <0.001) so that Random Effects Model (REM) was used. Zinc administration reduced the duration of diarrhea 0.89 days faster than placebo, and it was statistically significant (MD= -0.89; 95% CI= -1.52 to -0.26; p= 0.006).Conclusion: Zinc supplementation is more effective than placebo in reducing the duration of diarrhea in children.Keywords: effectiveness, zinc, diarrhea, toddlers, meta analysisCorrespondence: Purwika Widayati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: purwika15@gmail.com. Mobile: 081231153131.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(2): 183-191https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.02.12
Meta-analysis on The Effects of Hypertension, Type II Diabetes Mellitus, and Smoking on the Risk of Stroke among Asian Young Adult Population Monica, Windhy; Widyaningsih, Vitri; Sulaeman, Endang Sutisna
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 4, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: The incidence of stroke at a young age is reported to increase. Stroke at a young age is still often found in classic risk factors that can be changed such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type II diabetes mellitus (type II DM). Control of the right risk factors will affect the incidence of stroke. This study aims to analyze stroke risk factors in young populations in Asia.Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis carried out using PRISMA systematic guide­lines. The article is a study conducted between 2000 until 2019. The process of searching articles using a search engine database consisting of PubMed, Clinical Key, and Google Scholar using the keywords "risk factor", "stroke", "adult", "young adult ", And "Asia". The analysis was done with the Review Manager (RevMan) software 5.3.Results: The results showed eight articles fulfilled the criteria which contained 26,360 samples. The results showed that hypertensive young adults, type II DM, and smoking had a stroke risk at a young age of 6.6 times (OR 6.66; 95% CI 6.10 to 7.27), 3.7 times (OR 3.72; 95% CI 3.17 to 4.38), and 2.6 times (OR 2.64; CI 95% 1.77 to 3.93) higher, than those without hypertension, type II DM, and smoking, and was statistically significant.Conclusion: hypertension, type II diabetes, and smoking are risk factors for stroke at a young age.Keywords: young, adult, stroke, risk factor, meta-analysisCorrespondence: Windhy Monica. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: wmonica@gmail.com. Mobile: 082221223355Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2019), 4(4): 296-306https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2019.04.04.04
Does Secondary Smoking and Posyandu Affect the Risk of Hypertension in Pregnancy? Multilevel Evidence from Magelang, Central Java Rizkiana, Erin; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Widyaningsih, Vitri
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 4, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Pregnancy hypertension was a complication of pregnancy which became one of the causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in the world. This study aimed to determine the effect of individual and contextual factors of integrated health post (posyandu) on hypertension in pregnancy.Subjects and Method: A case control study was conducted in 5 posyandus in Magelang, Central Java, from April to May 2019. A sample of 210 women was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was hypertension in pregnancy. The independent variables were age, parity, nutritional status, family history of hypertension, history of hypertension before pregnancy, history of hormonal contraceptive, and exposure to cigarette smoke. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel multiple logistic regression.Results: Hypertension in pregnancy increased with age <24 or > 35 years old (b= 2.10; 95% CI= 0.16 to 4.04; p= 0.033), parity (b= -3.81; 95% CI = - 6.31 to -1.32; p = 0.003), nutritional status (b= 3.35; 95% CI= 1.36 to 5.33; p= 0.001), family hypertension history (b= 3.35; 95% CI= 1.33 to 5.37; p= 0.001), hypertension history before pregnancy (b= 2.46; 95% CI= 1.1 to 3.81; p<0.001), hormonal contraceptive history (b= 2.6; 95% CI= 0.53 to 4.72; p= 0.014), and cigarette smoke exposure (b= 2.87; 95% CI= 1.15 to 4.58; p= 0.001). Posyandu had negligible contextual effect on hypertension in pregnancy with ICC= 7.6%.Conclusion: Hypertension in pregnancy increases with age <24 or > 35 years old, parity, nutritional status, family hypertension history, hypertension history before pregnancy, hormonal contraceptive history, and cigarette smoke exposure. Posyandu has negligible contextual effect on hypertension in pregnancy.Keywords: Hypertension, pregnancy, cigarette smoke, multilevel analysisCorrespondence: Erin Rizkiana, Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: erinrizkiana777@gmail.com. Mobile: 085729883106Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2019), 4(3): 247-258https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2019.04.03.12 
Factors Associated with Personal Hygiene, use of Personal Protective Equipment, and the Risk of Contact Dermatitis among Scavengers: A Path Analysis Evidence from Surakarta, Central Java Sari, Niken Kartika; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Widyaningsih, Vitri
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 4, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Scavengers with poor personal hygiene and do not use complete personal protective equipment (PPE) are at risk of developing contact dermatitis. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with personal hygiene, use of personal protectif equipment, and the risk of contact dermatitis among scavengers using path analysis and health belief model.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional design. The study was conducted at Putri Cempo landfill, Surakarta, Central Java. A sample of 203 sca­vengers was selected by total sampling. The dependent variable was contact dermatitis. The inde­pendent variables were personal hygiene, PPE, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, per­ceived benefit, self-efficacy, cues to action, social support, education, and age. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of contact dermatitis was directly and positively affected by poor individual hygiene (b= 4.58; 95% CI= 1.42 to 3.55; p<0.001) and incomplete PPE (b= 5.52; 95% CI= 2.38 to 5.01; p<0.001). The risk of contact dermatitis was indirectly affected by and ages 15-35 years, perceived benefit, cues to action, self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, low education, and social support.Conclusion: The risk of contact dermatitis is directly and positively affected by poor individual hygiene and incomplete PPE. The risk of contact dermatitis is indirectly affected by and ages 15-35 years, perceived benefit, cues to action, self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, low education, and social support. Keywords: personal protective equipment, contact dermatitis, personal hygiene, health belief model, path analysis Correspondence:Niken Kartika Sari. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Su­ta­mi 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: knikenkartika@gmail.com. Mobile: 085229509061.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2019), 4(3): 198-211https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2019.04.03.05
Multilevel Analysis on Factors Associated with Occurrence Chronic Energy Deficiency among Pregnant Women Rachmawati, Nur Cahya; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno; Widyaningsih, Vitri
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 6 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: One of the nutritional problems experienced by pregnant women is chronic energy deficiency (CED). Chronic energy deficiency is a condition in which women of childbearing age  experience a lack of energy and protein intake and take place continuously resulting in health problems. This study aims to analyze chronic energy deficiency factors in pregnant women in Gunungkidul Regency.Subjects and Method: This study implemented a case control design. It was conducted in 25 community health centers, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, from April to May 2019. A sample of 200 pregnant women was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women. The independent variables included food intake, education level, occupation, knowledge, family income, age, parity, utilization of antenatal care services (ANC), and food availability. The data were collected using the MUAC tape and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multilevel multiple logistic regression.Results: The risk of protein energy deficiency decreased with high energy and protein intake (b = -2.74; 95% CI = -7.74 to -1.28; p = 0.006), more education level than high school (b = -2.16; 95% CI = -4.54 up to -0.22; p = 0.030), working mothers (b = -2.75; CI 95% = -9.48 to -1.59; p = 0.006), sufficient knowledge (b = -2.32; CI 95% = -6.27 to -0.52; p = 0.020), high family income (b = -2.38; CI 95% = -6.27 to -0.60; p = 0.017), age ?20 years to 35 years (b = -2.17; 95% CI = -5.16 to - 0.26; p = 0.030), parity> 2 (b = -2.57; CI 95% = -8.42 to -1.13; p = 0.010), using high ANC services (b = -2.72; 95% CI = -9.20 to -1.49 ; p = 0.007), and food availability is fulfilled (b = -2.54; CI 95% = -7.63 to -0.98; p = 0.011). Public health centers had a large contextual influence on chronic energy shortages with an ICC of 51.25%.Conclusion: There is a significant influence between food intake, education level, occupation, knowledge, family income, age, parity, utilization of ANC services, and food availability for chronic energy shortages in pregnant women. The variations at the public health centers level show that there is a contextual influence on chronic energy shortages in pregnant women.Keywords: chronic energy deficiency (CED), multilevel analysis, pregnant womenCorrespondence: Nur Cahya Rachmawati. Master?s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: nurcahyarachmawatii@gmail.com. Mobile: +6287838992205.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(6): 474-485https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.06.08
Path Analysis on Determinants of Postpartum Bleeding at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Central Java Hidayati, Siti Nur; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Widyaningsih, Vitri
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 6 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Postpartum hemorrhage is bleeding that exceeds 500 ml after the baby is born. The main causes of postpartum bleeding are uterine atony, placental retention, birth canal laceration, and blood clotting abnormalities. Predisposing factors of postpartum hemorrhage are age, parity, anemia, premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia, prolonged labor, uterine overdistention, labor of action, history of previous bleeding, and distance of pregnancy. Postpartum hemorrhage will cause maternal death if it is not treated immediately. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of postpartum hemorrhage.Subjects and Method: This study used observational analytic with a case control approach. The study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi, Central Java, from April to May 2019. The total sample was 225 maternity mothers who were selected based on fixed disease sampling by using a ratio of 1: 2 between the case and control groups. The dependent variable was postpartum bleeding. The independent variables were age, parity, anemia, premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia, prolonged labor, uterine overdistention, action delivery, obstetric history, uterine atony, placental retention, birth canal laceration, and pregnancy distance. Data collection techniques used secondary data medical record records which were analyzed by using path analysis.Results: Postpartum hemorrhage was directly and positively associated with atonia uterine (b= 2.46; 95% CI= 1.53 to 3.40; p<0.001), vaginal laceration (b= 1.76; 95% CI= 0.78 to 2.75; p <0.001), poor obstetric history (b= 0.93; 95% CI= 0.11 to 1.76; p= 0.026), and type of labor (b= 1.70; 95% CI= 0.94 to 2.46; p <0.001). It was indirectly affected by preeclampsia, parity, prolonged labor, premature rupture of membrane, age, anemia, uterine overdistention, birth spacing, and placental retention.Conclusion: Postpartum hemorrhage is directly and positively associated with atonia uterine, vaginal laceration, poor obstetric history, and type of labor. It is indirectly affected by pre­eclampsia, parity, prolonged labor, premature rupture of membrane, age, anemia, uterine overdistention, birth spacing, and placental retention.Keywords: Postpartum hemorrhage, placental retention, atonia uterine, path analysis Correspondence: Siti Nur Hidayati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: sitihidayati58@gmail.com. Mobile: 082133­679586.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(6): 35-47https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.06.04
The Ecological Effect of Village and Biopsychosocial Factors Affecting the Quality of Life of Elderly in Surakarta, Central Java Kumalasari, Dwi Tour; Murti, Bhisma; Widyaningsih, Vitri
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 5, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Along with the increasing number of the elderly, there are many problems expe­ri­enced by the elderly including not educated, do not get access to health, do not have old age insurance, and do not have social support from family or friends to care for them. Elderly people had high vulnerable risk to experience various psychological and physical problems. This study aimed to analyze the influence of biopsychosocial and contextual village social capital in the elderly.Subjects and Method: This was a cross sec­ti­o­nal study conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, in December 2019. A sample of 200 elderly was sel­ected by simple random sampling at the individual level and stratified simple random sampling at the village level. The dependent vari­able was quality of life. The independent vari­ables were education, income, marital status, BMI, physical activity, locus of control, family sup­­port, social support, and social capital. The data was collected by ques­tion­naire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13Results: Quality of life improved by education ≥elementary school (b= 2.72; 95% CI= 0.17 to 5.26; p= 0.036), income ≥Rp 1,800,000 (b= 2.90; 95% CI= 0.71 to 5.10; p= 0.010), married (b= 2.37; 95% CI= 0.13 to 4.62; p= 0.038), BMI (b= 4.01; 95% CI= 1.50 to 6.53; p= 0.002), good physical activity (b= 2.26; 95 % CI= 0.33 to 4.20; p= 0.022), internal locus of control (b= 2.69; 95% CI= 0.41 to 4.98; p= 0.021), strong family support (b= 2.88; 95% CI= 0.48 to 5.28; p= 0.018), strong social support (b= 2.28; 95% CI= 0.02 to 4.55; p= 0.048), and good social capital (b= 2.30; 95% CI= 0.11 to 4.51; p= 0.040). Village had a contextual effect on the quality of life of el­derly with intra-class correlation (ICC)= 40.52%.Conclusion: Quality of life improves by educa­tion ≥elementary school, high income, married, BMI, good physical activity, internal locus of control, strong family support, strong social sup­port, and good social capital. Village has a con­textual effect on the quality of life of elderly.Keywords: quality of life, biopsychosocial, elderly, multilevel analysisCorrespondence: Dwi Tour Kumalasari. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: ku­ma­lasari.az­zah­ra@­gmail.com. Mobile: +6281­216­417536.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health 5(1): 31-44https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2020.05.01.04
Biopsychosocial Factors Affecting Quality of Life in Post-stroke Patients: A Path Analysis Evidence from Surakarta Hospital, Central Java Zamzam, Maki; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Widyaningsih, Vitri
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 5, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Basic health research shows that the prevalence of non-communicable diseases has in­creased, including cancer, stroke, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. The impact of these changes can cause one of them to decrease the quality of life of patients. Stroke in individuals can cause several changes including physical, social and psychological changes that will affect the quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of the quality of life of pa­tients post stroke.Subjects and Method: This study was a cross sectional study conducted at Surakarta City Hos­pital, from September to October 2019. The sample used was 200 patients post stroke. The sam­pling technique used purposive sampling. The dependent variable was the quality of life of patients post stroke. The independent variables were age, gender, employment status, patient income, fa­mi­ly income, attack status, post-stroke comorbidity, duration of illness, marital status, family sup­port, level of functional disorders, and depression status. The data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis with the Stata 13 program.Result: The quality of life of post-stroke patients increased directly in patients with married status (b=1.79; 95% CI=0.24 to 3.35; p=0.024), have a job (b=1.93; 95% CI=0.13 to 3.72; p=0.035), good fa­mily support (b=2.17; 95% CI=0.46 to 3.88; p=0.013), and mild functional disorders (b=1.68; 95% CI=0.11 to 3.25; p=0.036). Quality of life decreased directly in patients aged ≥60 years old (b=-1.99; 95% CI=-3.80 to -0.17; p=0.032), female gender (b=-1.74; 95% CI=-3.28 to -0.19; p= 0.027), stro­­kes more than 1 time (b=-1.87; 95% CI=-3.59 to -0.15; p=0.033), sick ≥6 months (b=-2.12 ; 95% CI=-3.87 to -0.36; p=0.018), have comorbidities (b=-1.96; 95% CI=-3.67 to -0.24; p= 0.025), and de­pression (b=-1.40; 95% CI=-2.97 to 0.16; p=0.078). Quality of life was indirectly affected by age, ill­ness, marital status, family support, family income, and employment status.Conclusions: The quality of life of post-stroke patients increased directly affected by marital sta­tus, employment status, family support, and functional disorders. Quality of life was directly affec­ted by age, gender, attack status, duration of illness, comorbidity and depression.Keywords: stroke, quality of life, path analysis.Correspondence:Maki Zamzam. Master Program of Public Health Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: makizz477@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281251543935.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2020), 5(1): 1-14https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2020.05.01.01
Do Community Health Centers Have Contextual Effect on the Risk of Recurrence in Patient with Tuberculosis? A Multilevel Evidence from Surakarta, Central Java Muvida, Muvida; Widyaningsih, Vitri; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 5, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Community Health Centers play­ed an important role in tuber­culosis con­trol. Ho­w­ever, Community Health Centers’ con­tex­tual effect toward tuberculosis recurrence has not yet been discovered. The study aims to analyze socio-demography and clinical factors of first tuber­culosis episode and Community Health Centers’ contextual effect toward tuber­culosis recurrence.Subjects and Method: It was analytic obser­vational study with case control approach. The study was conducted in the city of Sura­kar­ta, Central Java, from December 2019 up to January 2020. Sample collection toward 204 tuberculosis patients who had completed their treatment or were confirmed cured, were con­duc­ted by using simple random sampling at individual level and stratified random sampling at community health centers level. The de­pen­dent variable was tuber­culosis recurrence. The independent variables were family income, le­vel of education, BCG vaccination status, smo­­­­king history, initial bac­terio­logical test, weight gain, DM, and COPD. The data were collected through medical record and interview. The data were analyzed by using multi­level multiple logistic regression with Stata 13.Results: In individual level, the preventive factor toward tuberculosis recurrence among other were high income (OR= 0.24; 95% CI= 0.06 up to 0.92; p= 0.037), high level of educa­tion (OR= 0.18; 95% CI= 0.04 up to 0.84; p= 0.029), BCG vaccination status (OR= 0.11; 95% CI= 0.02 up to 0.67; p= 0.017), and high weight gain (OR= 0.06; 95% CI= 0.01 up to 0.28; p< 0.001). Meanwhile, the independent predictors toward tuberculosis recurrence (OR= 7.11; 95% CI= 1.65 up to 30.64; p= 0.009) and diabetes mellitus (OR= 10.85; 95% CI= 2.13 up to 55.29; p= 0.004). In the level of Community Health Centers, high ratio between health workers/ tuberculosis patients significantly cor­related with lower tuberculosis (OR= 0.01; 95% CI< 0.01 up to 0.44; p= 0.016). Community health Centers had contextual effect toward tuberculosis re­currence with Intra-Class Cor­relation (ICC) by 38.67%.Conclusion: Factors in individual and com­munity health centers level may affect tuber­culosis recurrence. Community Health Centers has contextual effect toward tuberculosis re­cur­rent.Keywords: Tuberculosis recurrence, tuber­culosis, predictor, Community Health Center, multi­­level analysisCorrespondence: Muvida. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Su­ta­­mi No. 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: muvida­md@­gmail.com. Mobile: +628­965­1­4­­50435.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2020), 5(1): 65-78https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2020.05.01.07
RELATIVE EFFICACY OF PROBIOTICS COMPARED WITH ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION FOR DIARRHEA TREATMENT IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OLD: A META-ANALYSIS FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Saputri, Nurul Aini Suria; Susilawati, Tri Nugraha; Widyaningsih, Vitri
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Children under five experience an average of three episodes of diarrhea each year in developing countries. Based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, therapy for acute diarrhea is oral rehydration fluid and zinc to treat fluid and electrolyte loss. But unfortunately, this therapy does not reduce the duration of diarrhea without the intestinal barrier function of pathogenic microorganisms. The ability to inhibit pathogens is one of the three main mechanisms of probiotics. This study aims to examine the efficacy of using probiotics compared to oral rehydration solution (ORS) in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children under five in developing countries.Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis conducted using PRISMA systematic guidelines. The process of searching for articles was carried out between 2009 and 2019 using a database search engine consisting of PubMed, British Medical Journal (BMJ), CAB Direct, Oxford Academy, Clinical Key, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Based on a database search, six articles that meet the criteria of the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) and research conducted in developing countries were found. The study involved 1234 children who were divided into two groups: 762 probiotic groups and 472 ORS groups. The analysis was performed with the Review Manager (RevMan) software 5.3. The results were assessed using Standardized Mean Difference (SMD).Results: There was heterogeneity between experiments (I2 = 91%; p <0.001) so Random Effects Model (REM) was used. Probiotics could reduce the duration of acute diarrhea in infants rather than just ORS, with a pooled estimate of 1.13 (SMD = -1.13; 95% CI = -1.54 to -0.72; p <0.001).Conclusion: Probiotics can reduce the duration of acute diarrhea in infants in developing countries rather than just the administration of ORS.Keywords: Diarrhea, probiotics, oral rehydration solution, meta-analysis.Correspondence:Nurul Aini Suria Saputri. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: ainisuriasaputri@gmail.com. Mobile: 085­743401971Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(4): 354-363https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.04.08 
Co-Authors . Muthmainah Abd. Rasyid Syamsuri Achmad Arman Subijanto, Achmad Arman Agus Kristiyanto Ahadiyati, Dyah Mubarokah Al Biruni, Nada Ali, Agni Shalha Amalia, Najlah Anik Lestari Anshari, Shafira Yasmine Ardina, Safira Cindra Ari Natalia Probandari Ari Probandari Asaduddin, Aiman Hilmi Asrial, An A. Bachnas, Muhammad Adrianes Bambang Purwanto Berek, Maria Imakulata Bhisma Murti Brian Wasita Budianto, Pepi Burhannudin Ichsan Cahyani, Mey Ditaputri Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni Dewantara, Bayu Putra Diah Kurnia Mirawati Didik Gunawan Tamtomo Dono Indarto Endang Surani, Endang Endang Sutisna Sulaeman Erin Rizkiana Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari Fadhila, Shofia Nur Fardhiasih Dwi Astuti Farida Farida Fitri Febrianti Ramadhan, Fitri Febrianti Habibatullah, Afifa Intifadha Hambarsari, Yetty Hamidi, Baarid Luqman Haris Setyawan Harjanti, Anis Harsono Salimo Hartanti, Ainurrizma Tri Hema Dewi Anggraheny Hutabarat, Ervina Arta Jayanti Ida Nurwati Idulhaq, Mujaddid Imam Setya Arifian, Imam Setya Indarta, Ardhia Fefrine Ipop Sjarifah Jayanti, Saktryana Endang Ragil Ketaren, Enge Surabina Khotijah Khotijah Kumalasari, Dwi Tour Kurniatri, Maniek indah kusnandar kusnandar Leli Saptawati Lusi Ismayenti, Lusi Mahardika Yudianti, Manda Talitha Mahendra, Putu Gede Oka Maingu, Bertha Sylvester Maki Zamzam Merry Tiyas Anggraini Monica, Windhy Ms Khotijah, Ms Muchsin Doewes Muhammad Riza Muhammad, Faizal Muvida Muvida Nawanindha, Natasha Ningrum, Fiki Cahya NINGRUM, TYAS SARI RATNA nugroho wisnu murti Nur Hafidha Hikmayani Palupi, Raras Indung Paulus Kusnanto Prabaningtyas, Hanindia Riani Prasetya, Hanung Pravitasari, Ines Ratni Pudjiastuti, Anggit Puspita, Ita Fijanah Puspitasari, Yunita Dwi Quraisy, Cut Cahaya Rani Saifa Alhajd Rachmawati, Nur Cahya Rahardjo, Setyo Sri Rahardjo, Setyo Sri Rahmawati Ratih Puspita Febrinasari Reni Wijayanti Reviana, Prita Alvina Reviono Reviono Reviono, R Ristinawati, Ira Risya Cilmiaty, Risya Rivan Danuaji Rosyida, Rufaida Rusfianti, Alfia Rusnoto, R Saputra, Rhyan Darma Saputri, Nurul Aini Suria Sari, Niken Kartika Setianto, Budi Y. Setyo Sri Raharjo Sholihah, Imrok Atus Simatupang, Nanda Agustian Siti Nur Hidayati Soestrisno, Soestrisno Soetrisno Soetrisno Soetrisno Sri Mulyani Sri Widarti, Sri Sukamto, Ika Sumiyarsi Sumardiyono Sumardiyono SUROTO Tedjo, Raden Andi Ario Tejomukti, Teddy Titisari, Bening Rahimi Tri Nugraha Susilawati Uki Retno Budihastuti Ulul Azmi Zuhaira Wahyu Gito Putro Wayanshakty, Janur Wibawa, Lathifa Diyang Widayati, Purwika Widiatmaja, I Gusti Bagus Panji Yanuari, Ridha Rossela yulia lanti retno dewi Zahidah, Fairuz Zaidah, Lailatuz