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Import Regulations and the Protection of Domestic Products: An Indonesian Economic Law Perspective Selamat Lumban Gaol; Zulfikri; Johannes Triestanto; Annisa Aminda; Raudhotul Jannah
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 2: April 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i2.9999

Abstract

Import regulation is a crucial instrument within national economic policy, playing a significant role in controlling the inflow of foreign goods while safeguarding the sustainability of domestic industries. From the perspective of Indonesian economic law, import policies are not solely aimed at fulfilling domestic market demands but are also designed to maintain a balance between trade liberalization and national interests. This study seeks to examine the legal framework governing import activities as well as the various forms of protection provided to domestic products. The research employs a normative juridical method, utilizing both statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by a comprehensive review of legal literature and secondary data sources. The findings indicate that the Indonesian government has implemented a range of protective measures, including tariff-based instruments such as import duties, as well as non-tariff measures like quotas, technical standards, and the Domestic Component Level (TKDN) policy. These mechanisms are intended to strengthen the competitiveness of local industries and reduce dependency on imported goods. However, in practice, several challenges persist, including regulatory inconsistencies across sectors, weak enforcement mechanisms, and external pressures from global trade regimes that emphasize market openness. These issues highlight the need for more adaptive, integrated, and sustainable policies to ensure a proper balance between protecting domestic industries and fulfilling international trade commitments.
Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of Moringa (Moringa Oleifera L.) Leaves on Increasing Hemoglobin (Hb) Levels in White Mice ZULFIKRI; Nasution, Pratiwi Rukmana; Ernoviya
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/by8j7q85

Abstract

Background. Moringa leaves are a part of the Moringa tree that contain various macro and micronutrients as well as active substances that function as antioxidants. They contain important nutrients such as iron (Fe), calcium, vitamins, and protein. Moringa leaves are also used as the main ingredient in medicines for prevention and treatment. The iron content in Moringa leaves can be utilised in the management of anaemia. To enhance the utilisation of Moringa leaves, scientific evidence is required to prove their effect on increasing haemoglobin (Hb) levels. Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the ethanol extract of Moringa leaves on increasing haemoglobin levels in white rats induced by NaNO2 solution. Methodology. An experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design was used. The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, and then orally induced with NaNO2 solution for 18 days. Group I was given 0.5% Na CMC; Group II was given ethanol extract of Moringa leaves at 125 mg/kg BW/day; Group III was given ethanol extract of Moringa leaves at 250 mg/kg BW/day; Group IV was given ethanol extract of Moringa leaves at 375 mg/kg BW/day; and Group V was given Sangobion supplement at a dose of 4.5 mg/200 g BW/day. The treatments were administered for 14 days. The Hb levels of the rats were measured on days 7 and 14 after treatment. Results. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.) at doses of 125 mg/kgBW, 250 mg/kgBW, and 375 mg/kgBW led to a significant increase in Hb values on days 7 and 14 (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The ethanol extract of Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.) is effective in significantly increasing haemoglobin levels in white rats induced by NaNO₂ (p < 0.05).
Co-Authors A. A. Ketut Budiastra Adhisty Nurpermatasari Agung Cahyadi Ahmad Fudhail  Majid Ahmad Purnawarman Faisal Aina, Asri Nur Akadira, Tora Akhmad Harum, Akhmad amrin Ana Maria Gadi Djou Andarwati, Rini Anijah Hasibuan, Nur Anindya Bidasari Annisa Aminda Ariati, Fitri Arnetty Aswar Aswar Ayu Citra Dewi Ayu Lukmawati Ayu Mardian Ayu Trisna Brema Bangun Budi Munawar Khutomi Budi, Untung Laksana cahya, uci dwi Dan Mugisidi Danang Budi Setyawan Deris Pernandi Putra Desnelita, Yenny Dewi Kurniati Dewi Rosmalia, Dewi Dzakiah Ernawati Ernoviya Etty Zuliawati Zed Eva Dolorosa Fauzan El M, Faiz Fauzi, Zulfa Ismaniar Fitriah, Afifah Fitriana Gaol, Selamat Lumban Gusnedi H.M Faisal Hilda Hilmi Siti Raudhoh Husaini Ichwan Iksan Purnomo Imam Buchori Inaya, Rifka Intan Maharani Intan Wahyuni, Sri Ismedsyah Jhonson P Sihombing Johannes Triestanto Kadarisman LAVINUR Luthfiatunnisa M. Alif Hamzah M. Amirullah M. Amirullah M. Ridha Rasepto Mardian, Ayu Masniah Masniah Masrah Meiry Hana Wijaya Minarni Mirza Adityantoro Molika Azizah Mudayat, Mudayat Muhammad Ansarullah S. Tabbu Muhammad Faisal Nadroh br Sitepu Nadya Fitri Utami Nasution, Samihah Naufal, Muhammad Alif Noviar, Irma Novita Julianti Nur, Edil Wijaya Nurdin Nurul Azizah Ul Utami NURUL HIDAYAH Panjaitan, Rosnike Merly Ponrizal Pratiwi Rukmana Nasution Prawita, Tiwidian Putra Rizqi Ramadhani Ramadisu Mafra, Ramadisu Ramalia Nora Putri Raudhotul Jannah Retoliah Retoliah Retoliah Rhini Fatmasari, Rhini Riduan Risma Tangke Allo Rizki, Aulia Maulana Rosma Debi Sekarmaji Sirulhaq Sinaga, Maya Handayani Siswanto, Romi Siti Nuhaliza Maulida Solahudin Sukanti, Eka Syaikhu, Ahmad Tampubolon, Antetti Tanjung, Sri Wahyuni Taufik Rahman Teuku Salfiyadi Tommy Farnandes Umar, Nur Fadhilah Wakidi, Riza Fahlevi Wilta Wantri Winda Listina Wulandari, Mimin yusnita, henny Zulni Fitri Zulyasdi, Ivan Afriyan Zuul Fitriani Umari