Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Test of Fat Content in Flaxseed Sticks Using the Soxhlet Extraction Method: Uji Kadar Lemak pada Stik Biji Rami Menggunakan Metode Ekstraksi Soxhlet Sofia; Amran, Ali; Zainul, Rahadian
Jurnal Kimia dan Rekayasa Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Kimia dan Rekayasa Edisi Juli 2025
Publisher : Program Studi S1 Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Setia Budi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the fat content in flaxseed sticks using the soxhlet extraction method. Flaxseed is a plant that has many nutrients, including fat, protein, minerals, omega-3 fatty acids and so on. The many nutrients make flaxseed an alternative ingredient for food products such as snacks. Fat content testing is carried out because consuming foods that contain a lot of fat has a negative impact on health. The soxhlet extraction method is used starting with hydrolysis. After that, the sample is cleaned, dried, and extracted using n-hexane solvent. According to the SNI 2886:2015 standard for extrudate snacks, the analysis process is carried out. To test the precision, the study was carried out in duplicate. The fat content was calculated by gravimetry using the difference in flask mass. The results showed that each test had a fat content of 18,44% and 18,51%, with an average value of 18,48% and an RPD value of 0,3%, which met the maximum accuracy requirements of RPD <= 5%. In addition, the research results showed that the fat content of flaxseed sticks was far below the maximum fat content limit for extrudate snacks set by SNI, which is 38%. AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar lemak dalam stik biji rami dengan menggunakan metode ekstraksi soxhlet. Biji rami adalah tanaman yang memiliki banyak nutrisi, termasuk lemak, protein, mineral, asam lemak omega-3 dan sebagainya. Banyaknya nutrisi yang terkandung menjadikan biji rami sebagai bahan alternatif produk pangan seperti makanan ringan. Pengujian kadar lemak perlu dilakukan karena mengonsumsi makanan yang mengandung banyak lemak dapat berdampak buruk pada kesehatan. Metode ekstraksi soxhlet digunakan untuk mengukur kadar lemak, yang dimulai dengan tahap hidrolisis. Setelah itu, sampel dibersihkan, dikeringkan, dan diekstrak menggunakan pelarut n-heksana. Sesuai dengan standar SNI 2886:2015 untuk makanan ringan ekstrudat, proses analisis dilakukan. Untuk menguji presisi, penelitian dilakukan secara duplo. Kadar lemak dihitung dengan gravimetri menggunakan perbedaan massa labu sebelum dan sesudah ekstraksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing pengujian memiliki kadar lemak 18,44% dan 18,51%, dengan nilai rata-rata 18,48% dan nilai RPD 0,3%, yang memenuhi syarat ketelitian maksimal RPD <= 5%. Selain itu, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar lemak stik biji rami jauh di bawah batas maksimum kadar lemak makanan ringan ekstrudat yang ditetapkan oleh SNI, yaitu 38%. 
Pengembangan Modul Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning pada Materi Kinetika Kimia untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Fase F Kelas XI SMA Yusrianti, Ike; Alizar; Zainul, Rahadian; Riga
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 11 No 7 (2025): July
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v11i7.12229

Abstract

This study aims to develop a chemistry learning module based on the discovery learning model on chemical kinetics material to improve critical thinking skills of grade XI Phase F high school students. This research is a type of development research (Research and Development) that uses the Plomp development model, which consists of three stages: preliminary research, development (prototyping phase), and assessment phase. The preliminary research stage includes needs analysis and theoretical studies as the basis for compiling the module. Furthermore, in the development stage, the module was validated by five experts to assess the feasibility of content, presentation, language, and contextual aspects. The results showed that the developed module had very high validity with an average Aiken's V value of 0.96. The practicality test showed an average value of 98.50%, which is classified as very practical. The effectiveness test produced a significance value of 0.019 (< 0.05), which indicates a significant increase in learning outcomes after using the module. It can be concluded that this discovery learning module on chemical kinetics is valid, practical, and effective in improving students' critical thinking skills. This module can be an alternative contextual teaching material that encourages active and independent learning at the high school level.
A bioinformatics approach to design a novel epitope-based vaccine against Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (Retroviridae: Lentivirus) Dhea Kharisma, Viol; Ansori, Arif Nur Muhammad; Ullah, Md. Emdad; Dings, Tim Godefridus Antonius; Probojati, Rasyadan Taufiq; Fadholly, Amaq; Turista, Dora Dayu Rahma; Tacharina, Martia Rani; Zainul, Rahadian
Genbinesia Journal of Biology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): November 2022
Publisher : Generasi Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55655/genbinesia.v2i1.26

Abstract

Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses (SIV) have been found to naturally infect African nonhuman primates (NHP). This causative agents are important and one of the special interest as the root cause of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, one of the most threatening infectious diseases worldwide. The aim of this study was to design an epitope-based vaccine using bioinformatics approaches of the circulating SIV in Kenya, Africa. In this study, we used 17 partial SIV envelope glycoprotein genes retrieved from GenBank® (National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA). We analysed the candidate epitopes using the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource. Then, we performed the protective antigens prediction usingVaxiJen. Interestingly, this study revealed the data of B cell epitope prediction, protective antigens prediction, and molecular phylogenetic of circulating SIV in Kenya, Africa. In sum, this study can be used to design a novel epitope-based vaccine against SIV. We suggest further studies to conduct confirmatory experiments (in vitro and in vivo).
Penentuan Kadar Logam Fe pada Air Sumur di Kota Padang dengan Metode Spektrometri Serapan Atom (SSA) Putri, Intan Anika; Zainul, Rahadian
MASALIQ Vol 5 No 6 (2025): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Lembaga Yasin AlSys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/masaliq.v5i6.7741

Abstract

Well water is a primary water source for communities and is vulnerable to contamination by heavy metals, particularly iron (Fe), which, at high concentrations, can cause organoleptic issues such as unpleasant odor, taste, and color, as well as pose health risks. According to Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 32 of 2017, the maximum allowable Fe content in water is 1 mg/L. This study aims to determine the concentration of Fe in well water samples from Padang City and evaluate the analytical data quality using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Water samples were collected and preserved with HNO₃ to maintain pH < 2, then analyzed using AAS at a wavelength of 248.3 nm. Method performance evaluation showed reliable analytical quality, with a calibration curve coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9958, indicating excellent linearity. Accuracy validation through spike tests yielded recovery values within the acceptable range (85%–115%). However, the Relative Percent Difference (RPD) of duplicate samples indicated relatively high variability in precision (14.667%–26.415%), suggesting a need for optimization in the sample preparation stage. Despite this, precision in spike quality control showed excellent results, with an RPD of 0.221%. Quantitative analysis showed that all well water samples had Fe concentrations below the instrument detection limit, indicating compliance with water quality standards and general safety for sanitation and hygiene purposes.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Silika Berpori dari Natrium Silikat dan Surfaktan Gelatin Kulit Ikan Tuna Sirip Kuning Thunnus Albacares Anggriani Sirait, Nova; Aini, Syamsi; Zainul, Rahadian; Mulia, Melindra
Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai, Riau, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jptam.v8i2.15112

Abstract

Silika berpori padatan yang memiliki pori-pori berguna dalam bidang kimia seperti katalis, penghantaran obat, sensor, adsorpsi, dan lain sebagainya. Sintesis silika berpori terus dikembangkan dengan menggunakan bahan terbarukan seperti gelatin. Saat ini peneliti menggunakan natrium silikat sebagai prekursor dengan mempelajari penggunaan surfaktan berupa gelatin dari 2% kulit ikan tuna sebagai bahan pengarah struktur menggunakan metode sol gel. Hasil FTIR pada gelatin kulit ikan tuna menunjukkan adanya 4 daerah serapan pada struktur gelatin yaitu Amida A, Amida I, Amida II Amida III. Karakterisasi XRD ST 2% yang dihasilkan merupakan kristal kristobalit dengan intensitas puncak tajam pada 2? = 21-36°. Karakterisasi SEM ST 2% menunjukkan morfologi berbentuk batang bercabang.
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Kimia Berbasis Problem Based Learning untuk Sekolah Fase F SMS/MA Pada Materi Ikatan Kimia Feriani, Feby; Zainul, Rahadian
Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai Vol. 8 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai, Riau, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jptam.v8i3.20901

Abstract

Pembelajaran dalam Kurikulum Merdeka dengan paradigma baru menekankan pendekatan yang menempatkan peserta didik sebagai fokus utama dalam proses pembelajaran. Pada konteks ini, berbagai metode dan model pembelajaran, termasuk model berbasis masalah (Problem Based Learning/PBL), bisa diimplementasikan. Modul sebagai bahan ajar memiliki peranan penting dalam mendukung PBL. Namun, saat ini belum ada modul berbasis PBL untuk materi Ikatan Kimia. Berdasarkan wawancara dengan tiga guru kimia dari SMAN 1 Ranah Batahan, SMAN 2 Ranah Batahan, dan SMAN 1 Koto Balingka, ditemukan bahwa pembelajaran Ikatan Kimia masih kurang berfokus pada peserta didik dan belum memanfaatkan modul sebagai sumber ajar utama. Dengan demikian, tujuan dari penelitian ini guna mengembangkan modul berbasis masalah untuk materi Ikatan Kimia, dengan penekanan pada penilaian validitas dan kepraktisannya. Studi ini menerapkan metode Educational Design Research (EDR) dengan model Plomp, yang dibatasi hingga tahap prototipe IV. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari empat dosen Universitas Negeri Padang, dua guru, dan 20 siswa dari SMAN 1 Ranah Batahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan modul yang dikembangkan tergolong valid dengan rata-rata nilai validitas sebesar 0,83. Selain itu, modul ini juga dinyatakan praktis, dengan tingkat kepraktisan rata-rata sebesar 86% dari guru dan 88% dari siswa. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa modul tersebut dapat menjadi alternatif bahan ajar yang efektif di sekolah.
Analisis Kadar Sukrosa dan Gula Pereduksi pada Madu Trigona (Stingless Bee Honey) Menggunakan Metode Luff Schoorl Raudhatul Hanifa; Rahadian Zainul
Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia, Fisika dan Biologi Vol. 1 No. 6 (2025): November : Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia, Fisika dan Biologi
Publisher : Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61132/jupenkifb.v1i6.705

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the levels of reducing sugars and sucrose in Trigona honey using the Luff Schoorl method as a key parameter for assessing honey quality and authenticity. Trigona honey, produced by stingless bees, possesses unique physicochemical characteristics that differ from Apis mellifera honey, thus requiring further scientific investigation of its sugar profile. The analysis was performed at the BSPJI Pekanbaru Laboratory using a titrimetric procedure based on the Luff Schoorl reagent, involving the determination of reducing sugars and sucrose following hydrolysis. The results revealed that the reducing sugar content of the Trigona honey sample was 31.75%, while the sucrose content was 9.6%. These values do not comply with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 8664:2018), which requires a minimum of 55% reducing sugars and a maximum of 5% sucrose in honey. The non-conformity is presumed to be influenced by factors such as nectar source, high moisture content, premature harvesting, and storage conditions. Nevertheless, the deviation from the standard does not necessarily indicate adulteration but may reflect the natural characteristics of stingless bee honey. This research provides scientific evidence that may contribute to the evaluation of specific quality standards for Trigona honey in Indonesia and serve as a reference for future studies related to authentication and standardization of stingless bee honey products.
Effectiveness of Guided Discovery-Based Worksheets to Improve Learning Outcomes in Acid-Base Concept Ma'firah, Marla; Zainul, Rahadian
Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA Vol 23, No 4 (2022): Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA
Publisher : FKIP Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This research was conducted to develop students’ worksheets based on guided discovery learning on acid-base materials. This student worksheet will be the basic content for developing a content learning system to improve the learning outcomes of 11th grade high school students in the pandemic era. Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model is the research method used. Based on the research that has been carried out, the validity as measured by the Aiken's V formula is 0.85 which indicates that the developed students’ worksheets are valid. The value of practicality of teachers and students was obtained by 84% and 88% which indicated the very practical category. Then, the N-Gain value obtained is 54.68% which indicates that worksheet is effective in improving student learning outcomes. So it can be concluded that this student worksheet is valid, practical, and effective to be used as a basic content in developing a content learning system based on guided discovery learning on acid and base. Keywords: students’ worksheets, guided discovery, acid-base.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa/v23i4.pp1347-1357
Development of Chemical Equilibrium E-Module Guided by 5E Instructional Model with Interactive Virtual Laboratory Lubis, Amalia Putri; Ellizar, Ellizar; Zainul, Rahadian; Nizar, Umar Kalmar
Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA Vol 23, No 1 (2022): Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA
Publisher : FKIP Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

E-module is a form of electronic teaching material that can be used independently, with each learning activity connected by a link. 5E Instructional Model is a learning model that was developed based on constructivism learning, where students construct their own knowledge and are actively involved in every stage of the learning process. This study aims to develop a chemical equilibrium e-module based on an integrated 5E instructional virtual laboratory, as well as to determine the level of validity and practicality. The development of the e-module is carried out through the Plomp model stage which consists of 3 stages, namely preliminary research, prototyping phase, and assessment phase. The assessment instruments used are observation sheets and questionnaires. The results showed that the e-module developed was valid and practical so that it could be used in the learning process.Keywords: e-modul, 5E instructional model, chemical equilibriumDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa/v23i1.pp256-265
Computational Visualization and Informatics Interaction Analysis of Daidzein Compound from Soybean (Glycine max L.) on Maltase-Glucoamylase Protein for Predictive Study of Intestinal Disaccharidase Deficiency Zainul, Rahadian; Elkhool, Tarek A.; Ahmed, Shafique; Goh, Khang Wen; Muhardi, -
JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society of Visual Informatics

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62527/joiv.9.2.3487

Abstract

This study explores the potential of daidzein, a bioactive compound derived from soybean (Glycine max L.), as a maltase-glucoamylase protein inhibitor to address intestinal disaccharidase deficiency, utilizing in silico methodologies. The research supports Sustainable Development Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being by evaluating the binding interactions, physicochemical properties, and therapeutic potential of daidzein. Structural data of daidzein and maltase-glucoamylase were analyzed using PyMOL, PyRx, Protein Plus, and Lipinski’s Rule of Five to predict interaction mechanisms and drug-likeness. The methodological framework consisted of molecular docking and physicochemical analysis, including binding affinity and Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) evaluations. The docking results demonstrated strong and stable interactions between daidzein and the target protein, with binding affinities of -2.5 and -2.4 kcal/mol. Additionally, key physicochemical parameters—such as molecular weight (254) and log P (2.713)—indicated favorable drug-likeness and oral bioavailability. RMSD values supported the stability of daidzein within the enzyme’s active site. These findings suggest that daidzein may serve as a promising natural therapeutic agent for digestive disorders associated with enzyme deficiencies. The study also illustrates the efficiency of computational tools in the early stages of drug discovery, reducing reliance on laboratory testing. It is recommended that future research includes in vitro validations and preclinical studies to further assess the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of daidzein. Structural optimization to enhance target binding is also encouraged. Ultimately, this research contributes to the sustainable development of plant-based therapies for managing non-communicable diseases and improving digestive health.
Co-Authors -, Bahrizal Adi Sofyan Ansori, Muhammad Admin Alif Afria Yolanda Agil Aditya Dinata Agustina, Niken Ahmad Fauzi Ahmed, Shafique Aini, Syamsi Alfian, Fariz R. Ali Amran Alif, Admin Alifiansyah, Mochamad Radika Tory Alifiansyah, Mochamad RT. Alizar Alyaa Farrah Dibha Amalia Putri Lubis Amaq Fadholly Ananda Putra Andini, Namira Tri Andre Juliano, Muhammad Andrean, Maifil Dwi Andromeda Andromeda Andromeda Anggraini, Dhea Anggriani Sirait, Nova Anjali, Ghoury Kharisma Anni Faridah Ansori, Arif NM. Antonius, Yulanda Ardi, Ahmad Maulana Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori Ariusni Ariusni Ariusni Elida Arli Aditya Parikesit Artha, Dwirani Puspa Asnil Asnil Asral, Suci Sukma Taruna Atmaja, Peter Y. Aulia, Halimatus S. B, Syamsul Amar Baharudin, Muhammad Daswar A. Bahrizal - Bambang Sudarmanta Bonkalo, Tatyana Budhi Oktavia Burkov, Pavel Butarbutar, Suryani Cika Dania Marca Deandra Savira Derkho, Marina Deski Beri Desy Kurniawati Devi Purnamasari Dhea Kharisma, Viol Dian, Farida Aryani Dinda Sahara Dings, Tim Godefridus Antonius Dori Yuvenda Durain Parmanoan Durry, Fara D. Dwi Finna Syolendra Edi Nasra Efran Ustia Rahmad Elfianah, Verah elida elida Elkhool, Tarek A. Ellizar ellizar Elvina Elvina Erdiwansyah Erdiwansyah Erwandri, Rianovriani Ethica, Stalis N. Ezi Anggraini Fadila Gusman Fajriah Azra Fauzan Yan Hawari Feriani, Feby Festiyed Fetty, Amelia JT. Fetty, Amelia Julia Tria Firmansyah Khairul Kamal Firmansyah, Muhammad Reffi Fitrah Mey Harmi Siregar Fitri, Ernarisa Fredy Kurniawan Goh, Khang Wen Guntur Bagus Pamungkas Hardeli Hardeli Hardeli Hary Sanjaya Hayaza, Suhaila Herdiansyah, Mochammad A. Herdiansyah, Mochammad Aqilah Hermansyah Aziz Hery Purnobasuki Hidayati, Shil ike sabaria Illyas Md. Isa Indah Permata Sari Indah Permata Sari Indang Dewata Irda Yunita Isa, Illyas Md Istiqamah, Siti Sarah Jakhmola, Vikash Jakmola, Vikash Jamaluddin, Indra P. Jamaludin Jamaludin Kadek Rachmawati Karlinda Karlinda Karlinda Karlinda Khairun Nisa Khairunnisa Khairunnisa Khalid, Ahmad Khudzairi Kharisma, Viol D. Kharisma, Viol Dhea Kolesnik, Evgeniy Kovalchuk, Dmitriy F. Krismadinata Krismadinata Lubis, Amalia Putri Lufri Lufri Ma'firah, Marla Maahury, Mirella Fonda Maksim Rebezov Maksimiuk, Nikolai Maria Kiseleva Marla Ma&#039;firah Muhammad Andre Juliano Muhammad Haris Effendi Hasibuan Muhammad Hermawan Widyananda Muhammad Nizar Muhammad Rizki Muhammad Rusdi Muhardi, - Muji Setiyo Mulia, Melindra Murtadlo, Ahmad AA. Murtadlo, Ahmad Affan Ali Musa, Susan H. Nadezhda Kenijz Nafika Nurullita Naw, Sin W. Nizar, Umar Kalmar Novela, Riana Novera Elsi Mudia Oki Muraza Oktarina, Cindy Parikesit, Arli A. Pera Meilita Pernadi, Niza Lian Pratiwi, Intan A. Priyono, Qiara Amelia Putri Putra, Abrar Suryadi Putra, Ananda Putra, Justitia ERP. Putra, Randi Purnama Putri Fatimah Putri, Intan Anika Qonitah Fardiyah Radeni Sukma Indra Dewi Rahma yulis lubis Rahma Zila Rahmatika Putri, Sinta Rahmi, Maulidia Arsyta Ramli Ramli Rasyadan Taufiq Probojati Ratna Sari Raudhatul Hanifa Rayandra Asyhar Rebezov, Maksim Regina Tutik Padmaningrum Remon Lapisa Revi Gina Gunawan Riga Rijas, Livia Putrima Riko Romas Prayuda Rilla Gina Gunawan Risky Setiawan Risty, Chika Mei Rizaldy, Rafli Rohadatul Nadya Maurani Roza Herlina Saklani, Taru Salsabila Tri Rahmi Sari Mustika Sari, Putri Manda Sari, Yollit Permata Scherbakov, Pavel Sepiashvili, Ekaterina Seprianto Setianingsih, Primanita NM. Shmeleva, Svetlana Siltiwi Mandar Sinta Rahmatika Sinta Rahmatika Putri Skunda Diliarosta Sofia Sri Rizki Putri Primandari Sri Ulfa Sentosa Sri Wahyu Wardani Sri Wahyuningsih Sri Whayu Wardani Suci Sukma Taruna Asral Sukma Sahadewa, Sukma Sunarto Sunarto Sunarto Sunarto Susilo, Raden JK. Suyanta Suyanta Svetlana Artyukhova Syaifuddin Yana Syamsi Aini Syifa Rahma Ayunda Syukri Syukri Arief Syukri Syukri Tacharina, Martia Rani Tafonao, Leni Anggraeni Tamara, Anindya Putri Teguh Hari Sucipto, Teguh Hari Tri Haryati Trihanto Setiadi Trisna Kumala Sari Turista, Dora Dayu Rahma Ullah, Md. Emdad Umar Kalmar Nizar Urmatul Uska Akbar Veneliza, Adila Vika Erlina Vikash Jakhmola Viol Dhea Kharisma Visca Alisia Arianti Visca Alisia Arianti Yanni, Fitri Yeni, Isra Yohandri Yosephi, Valensa Yulia Matrosova Yulia Mona Liza Yuni Aulia Putri Djasli Yusniasari, Putri Antika Yusrianti, Ike