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Nur Ali
Jurusan Matematika Universitas Negeri Malang
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Journal : Jurnal Akta

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The Urgency of Harmonizing Civil Inheritance Law with Digital Assets in the Indonesian Legal System Ali, Nur; Salikin, Adang Djumhur; Kosim, Kosim
JURNAL AKTA Vol 12, No 4 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Program Magister (S2) Kenotariatan, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/akta.v12i4.47286

Abstract

The development of digital technology has given rise to new types of non-physical wealth, such as cryptocurrency, e-wallets, social media accounts, and digital intellectual property. However, Indonesia's civil inheritance law system, which is based on the Burgerlijk Wetboek (Civil Code), does not explicitly regulate the status and mechanism of inheritance of such digital assets. The absence of specific regulations creates legal issues for heirs, ranging from difficulties in identification to obstacles in accessing the digital assets of the deceased. This study employs a normative and comparative legal approach by analyzing national legislation, inheritance practices in several countries such as the United States (RUFADAA), and theories of legal harmonization. The results of the study indicate that, conceptually, digital assets meet the criteria as legal objects that can be inherited because they have economic value and transferable ownership. However, the absence of explicit regulations in national law makes digital assets vulnerable to loss or improper distribution. Therefore, legal harmonization is an inevitability. Legal harmonization of inheritance regarding digital assets can be achieved through three main schemes. First, integrating digital assets into the list of inherited assets by explicitly including them in a will (testamentaire beschikking) or statement of assets. Second, establishing a mechanism for identifying and distributing digital assets involving notaries as legal actors and developing a national digital data system. Third, the formulation of technical regulations that grant legal access to heirs to the deceased's digital accounts and cryptocurrency wallets, accompanied by cross-border enforcement cooperation with global digital service providers. These three schemes are based on the principles of volledigheid van de nalatenschap, gerechtigheid (justice), and rechtszekerheid in Dutch law, and are in line with Nonet and Selznick's theory of responsive law, which encourages the adaptation of law to social and technological dynamics. The comprehensive reformulation of inheritance law provisions in the Civil Code is a strategic step in ensuring legal protection for heirs and addressing the challenges of digital inheritance in the information society era.
Co-Authors Abd Kholid Achmad Otong Busthomi Adang Djumhur Salikin, Adang Djumhur Adhiyah, Maulida Afif Wahyudi Hidayat AGUS YUDHA PRAWIRA ADISTANA, GDE Ahdi, M. Wafiyul Ahmad Barizi Ahmad Fatah Yasin Ahmad Zainullah, Ahmad Al Ghafir, Abu Aman Siddiq Al Mustaqim, Dede Alfiandi, Patrice Angga Teguh Prasetyo anshori, chasan Arung Dating Sandabunga' Aslam Mei Nur Widigdo Astry Wahyuni Mangoli Avisena, Ahmad Benny Afwadzi, Benny Cittra Juniarni Dahlan, Rahman Dewi Kusumaningrum, Lintang Dewi, Putri Restina Dimas, Eduardus Djamaluddin, Rudy Dyah Rhetno Wardhani Edy Setyawan Emmelia Kristina Hutagaol Erlangga, Fajar Faisol, Achmad Fanani, Bakhruddin Farhiyah, Faroh Dina Farizi, Manarul Alam Al Fatimatuz Zahro Fatkhanah, Fatkhanah Fazara, Andree Gaus, Abdul Ghony, M. Djunaidi Gusniar, Iwan Nugraha H. E.Meiyanto, H. Hamzah Fansuri Hayati, Novia Elok Rahma Hermanto Hermanto Hermanto Hosin, Zainal Muhammad Imanuel, Andi Indah Aminatuz Zuhriyah Ismawati Tandirerung Izulhaq, Muhammad Jannah, Alvina Rohmatul Jonni Siahaan Jumeitri Ramba Kamila, Nayyifa Farah Kawakip, A. Nurul Khambali, Khambali Kosim Kosim Kurnia Tahki Lestari, Ceni Amalia Ayu Lolok, Naisel M. Wihardi Tjarong, M. Wihardi Malihatunnisa, Ade Maskanah, Ulfa Maya Fernandya Siahaan Miftahul Huda Miftahusyai'an, Mohammad Mohammad Asrori Muazzomah, Ulfa Mufidah Ch Muhaemin Muhaemin Muhaimin Muhaimin Muhammad Isran Ramli Muhammad Nashir Muhammad, Syafik Mukhlis, Sinthya Ziyadaturrahma Munawir Muhtar, Munawir Muralia Hustim Muzaki, Muhammad Zain Nur , Muhammad Amin Nur Rochim, Muhammad Andy Nur, Putri Nurianah Pasapan, Richard Marcelenus Purbohastuti, Arum Wahyuni Qohar, Abd. Qomarullah, Rif'iy R Hadapiningradja Kusumodestoni Rachman, Rais Rahmawan Asma, Fery Resa Nurlaela Anwar Ridwan, Muhtadi Riki Adi Jansen Rina Suprina Risman, Porseda Roesminigsih, Erny Rofikatul Karimah Rohmah, Anifatul Nur Rohmat Mulyana Sapdi Sabaruddin Sabaruddin Safitri, Ayu Utami SAPUTRA, EDDY Saputri, Apik Anitasari Intan Sa’idah, Anisa Wahdatus Siddiq Al Ghafir, Abu Aman SOLEH RITONGA, MUHAMMAD Sri Winarni Stanis Alfrian Samban Sukamto, Ika Sumiyarsi Supriatno, Djoko Sutaman, Sutaman Sutiah Sutiah Suwarno, Niko Syamsul Arifin Tjaronge M. W., Tjaronge M. Ummah, Ana Faidatul Umur, Muhammad Ma'aliyal Vauzi, Nur Kholis Victor Imaduddin Ahmad, Victor Imaduddin Wangge, Michael Tani Wardoyo, Hendro Wenda Wahyu Christiyanto Wibowo, Gentur Wahyu Nyipto Y. Haryanto P., Y. Haryanto YATIM RIYANTO Zuhro, Fa’izah Darotul