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Path Analysis on the Life-Course Biopsychosocial Determinants of Stunting in Children Under Five Years of Age in Karawang, West Java Fauziyyah, Rona Luthfi; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno; Wekadigunawan, CSP; Adriani, Rita Benya
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Maternal and Child Health

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Background: Studies have shown that stunted children are more likely to start school later, perform more poorly on cognitive functioning tests, and are more likely to drop out of school. In future, adults who are stunted as children earn 20% less than comparable adults who were not stunted and are 30% more likely to live in poverty and less likely to work in skilled labor. This study aimed to examine the life-course biopsychosocial determinantsof stunting in children under five years of agein Karawang, West Java, using a path analysis model.Subjects and Method: This was a case control study carried out inTunggakjati, Rengasdengklok, Kutawaluya, Pedes, and Medangasem community health centers, Karawang, West Java, from April to May 2018. A sample of 225 children under five was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 75 stunted children and 150 normal children. The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were maternal height, maternal middle upper arm circumference (MUAC), low birthweight (LBW), history of infection illness, maternal education, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and family support. Child height was measured by infantometer or microtoice. The other variables were measured by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13.Results: Stunting increased with LBW (b=1.64; 95% CI=0.69 to 2.59; p=0.001) and history of infection illness (b=1.80; 95% CI=0.94 to 2.67; p<0.001). Stunting decreased with maternal height ?150 cm (b=-1.57; 95% CI=-2.43 to -0.71; p<0.001) and appropriate complementary feeding (b=-1.80; 95% CI=-2.53 to -1.08; p<0.001). Stunting was indirectly affected by maternal MUAC, maternal education, exclusive breastfeeding, and family support.Conclusion: Stunting increases with LBW and history of infection illness, but decreases with maternal height ?150 cm and appropriate complementary feeding. Stunting is indirectly affected by maternal MUAC, maternal education, exclusive breastfeeding, and family support.Keywords: stunting, life-course, biopsychosocial, children under fiveCorrespondence:Rona Luthfi Fauziyyah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: rona.luthfi@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281316970696.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(1): 25-35https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.01.04
Multilevel Analysis on the Contextual Effect of Posyandu on Healthy Prenatal Behavior Among Pregnant Women in Bengkayang, West Kalimantan Murdikawati, Dayang Fitri; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Evidence suggests that prenatal care, healthy behaviors such as exercise and nutrition, general stress level, and routine blood pressure examination, are associated with fetal and maternal health. However, there is a lack of studies on factors affecting these healthy prenatal behaviors in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the contextual effect of posyandu on healthy prenatal behavior among pregnant women in Bengkayang, West KalimantanSubjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 25 integrated health posts (posyandu) in Bengkayang, West Kalimantan, from November to December 2018. A sample of 200 pregnant women was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was healthy prenatal behavior. The independent variables were maternal education, family income, knowledge, health personnel support, family support, community leader support, and distance to posyandu. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: Healthy prenatal behavior was affected by maternal education (b= 4.64; 95% CI= 2.05 to 7.23; p<0.001), family income (b= 3.26; 95% CI= 1.15 to 5.37; p= 0.002), knowledge (b= 2.83; 95% CI= 0.90 to 4.47; p= 0.004), family support (b= 2.69; 95% CI= 0.70 to 4.69; p= 0.008), commu­nity leader support (b= 3.01; 95% CI= 1.05 to 4.96; p= 0.003), health personnel support (b=3.74; 95% CI= 1.44 to 6.04; p= 0.001), and distance to posyandu (b= -3.51; 95% CI= -5.50 to -1.52; p= 0.001). Posyandu had strong contextual effect on healthy prenatal behavior with ICC= 74%.Conclusion: Healthy prenatal behavior is affected by maternal education, family income, knowledge, family support, community leader support, health personnel support, and distance to posyandu. Posyandu has strong contextual effect on healthy prenatal behavior. Keywords: healthy prenatal behavior, prenatal, path analysisCorrespondence: Dayang Fitri Murdikawati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: DayangFM@gmail.com. Mobile: 08999988880.Journal of Maternal and Child Health, 2019, 4(4); 242-249https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.04.03
Contextual Effect of Posyandu on Adherence to Iron Tablet Consumption among Pregnant Women in Blitar, East Java Ardianti, Febrina; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Anemia in pregnant women remains a health priority to be addressed immediately. Anemia in pregnant women may increase the risk of maternal mortality, abortion, perinatal death, low birth weight, and postpartum bleeding. This study aimed to examine the contextual effect of posyandu on adherence to iron tablet consumption among pregnant women in Blitar, East Java.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Blitar, East Java, in November 2018. The dependent variable was adherence of iron tablet consumption. The independent variables were education, intention, attitude, perceived behavior control, family income, subjective norm, husband support, and posyandu. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel linear regression run on Stata 13.Results: Iron tablet consumption increased with high education (b= 0.85; 95% CI= 0.05 to 1.66; p= 0.038), strong intention (b= 0.40; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.77; p= 0.037), multiparity (b= 0.89; 95% CI= 0.15 to 1.62; p= 0.018), positive attitude (b= 0.29; 95% CI= 0.15 to 0.42; p<0.001), perceived behavior control (b= 0.33; 95% CI= 0.17 to 0.48; p<0.001), high family income (b= 0.05; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.10; p= 0.018), iron tablet availability (b= 1.62; 95% CI= 0.84 to 2.40; p<0.001),strong husband support (b= 0.22; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.40; p= 0.019), and subjective norm (b= 0.27; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.52; p= 0.027). Iron tablet consumption decreased with side effect (b= -1.22; 95% CI= -2.12 to -0.33; p= 0.007). Posyandu had contextual effect in adherence to iron tablet consumption with ICC= 12.58%.Conclusion: Iron tablet consumption increases with high education, strong intention, multiparity, positive attitude, perceived behavior control, high family income, iron tablet availability, strong husband support, and subjective norm. Iron tablet consumption decreases with the side effect. Posyandu has contextual effect in adherence to iron tablet consumption.Keywords: Fe tablet consumption, posyandu, multilevel analysisCorrespondence: Febrina Ardianti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java 57126. Email: ardiantifebrina@gmail.com. Mobile:+62816609336.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(2): 110-117https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.02.06
Multilevel Analysis on the Contextual Effect of Posyandu on Exclusive Breastfeeding in Sleman, Yogyakarta Lestari, Esti; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: There is a piece of increasing evidence that exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) up to six-month of age has important consequences on health and nutritional outcomes of children. However, studies on the contextual effect of integrated health post (posyandu) on EBF are scarce. The purpose of this study was to examine the contextual effect of posyandu on exclusive breastfeeding using multilevel analysis.Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sleman, Yogyakarta, from November to December 2018. A sample of 200 lactating mothers was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was exclusive breastfeeding. The independent variables were knowledge, education, age, parity, birth spacing, employment, and family support. The data were collected by a multilevel logistic regression.Results: Exclusive breastfeeding increased with good knowledge (b= 2.66; 95% CI= 0.85 to 4.47; p= 0.004), high education (b= 2.10; 95% CI= 0.29 to 3.91; p= 0.023), maternal age 20-35 years (b= 3.35; 95% CI= 1.46 to 5.24; p<0.001), multiparous (b= 2.90; 95% CI= 0.41 to 3.39; p= 0.012), birth spacing ≥2 years (b= 2.91; 95% CI= 0.92 to 4.89; p= 0.004), unemployed mother (b= 4.53; 95% CI= 2.39 to 6.67; p<0.001), strong family support (b= 2.88; 95% CI= 1.04 to 4.72; p= 0.002). Integrated health post had substantial contextual effect on exclusive breastfeeding with ICC= 29.2%.Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding increases with high knowledge, high education, maternal age 20-35 years, multiparous, birth spacing, unemployed mother, strong family support. Integrated health post has the substantial contextual effect on exclusive breastfeeding.Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, integrated health post, multilevel analysisCorrespondence: Esti Lestari. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: estylestary727@gmail.com. Mobile: 082363242993.Journal of Maternal and Child Health, 2019, 4(4): 250-259https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.04.04
Health Belief Model on the Choice of Medical Doctor among Mothers of Children with Diarrhea Irnawati, Prita Yuliana; Salimo, Harsono; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background:Diseases among young children are the major causes of morbidity and mortality particularly in the developing countries. An estimated 13 million infants and children die annually in developing countries. In most developing countries, the health of the children is strongly dependant on maternal healthcare behavior. Evidence on health seeking behavior has been lacking in Central Java, Indonesia, particularly mothers choice to visit pediatrician rather than general practitioner for her ill child. The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with the choice of medical doctor among mothers of children with diarrhea, using Health Belief Model.Subjects and Method:A case control study was carried out at Sangkrah community health center, Surakarta, Central Java, in January 2017. A sample of 164 mothers was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was mothers choice to visit doctor. The independent variables were perceived susceptibility, seriousness, threat, benefit, and barrier. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results:The chance of mother decided to visit pediatrician rather than general practitioner was directly increased with strong perceived threat (b= 0.91; 95% CI= 0.24 to -1.57; p= 0.008), strong perceived benefit (b= 0.85; 95% CI= 0.19 to 1.50; p= 0.012), and decreased with strong perceived barrier (b= -0.67; 95% CI= -1.36 to 0.01; p= 0.053). Mothers choice to visit pediatrician was indirectly affected by perceived susceptibility and perceived seriousness.Conclusion:Mothers choice to visit pediatrician rather than general practitioner is directly increased with perceived threat, perceived benefit, and decreased with perceived barrier. Mothers choice to visit pediatrician is indirectly affected by perceived susceptibility and perceived seriousness.Keywords:mothers choice, pediatrician, general practitioner, diarrhea, health believe model, childrenCorrespondence:Prita Yuliana Irnawati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: pritayuliana@gmail.com. Mobile: +6287835140534.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2018), 3(2): 100-108https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2018.03.02.03
The Path Analysis of Body Mass Index, Physical Exercise, Sleep Quality, and Parental Education on Physical Fitness among Male Adolescences Satriani, Hayu Andita; Indarto, Dono; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 3, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Rapid physical growth occurs during adolescence period. Physical fitness is a key indicator for general health, which shows individual ability of cardiorespirationand skeletal muscles to adapt to physical activity load. Many factors can influence physical fitness such as Body Mass Index for age (BMI/age), physical exercise, sleep quality and parental education. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of BMI/age, physical exercise, sleep quality and parental education with physical fitness levels among male adolescences.Subjects and Methods:  This cross-sectional study was conducted in three private senior high schools at the Gondokusuman district, Yogyakarta. Study subjects were selected using the fixed exposure sampling technique with inclusion criteria: male adolescence who aged 15-18 years old and had normal or more BMI/age. The dependent variable was physical fitness. The independent variables were BMI/age, physical exercise, sleep quality, and parental education.  The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Physical exercise (b= 0.32; SE= 0.46; p<0.001) and BMI/age (b= -2.87; SE= 0.27; p= <0.001) were directly related to physical fitness. Indirect relationship was found inparent education and sleep index score with physical fitness through physical exercise. Interestingly, BMI/age had direct and indirect relationship to physical fitness.Conclusion: BMI/age is a predominant factor that influences physical fitness in male adolescences. Sleep quality and parent education also influence physical fitness, but they had the opposite direction. All those factors should be considered as key factors in order to enhance physical fitness in male adolescences.Keywords: physical exercise, sleep quality, physical fitness, male adolescenceCorrespondence: Hayu Andita Satriani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl, Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta, 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: hayuandita@gmail.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2018), 3(4): 270-278https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2018.03.04.07 
Multilevel Analysis on the Determinants of Overweight and Obesity among Primary School Students in Boyolali, Central Java Wijayanti, Dwi; Salimo, Harsono; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 5 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Fat and obesity are serious problems in children because they will continue into adulthood. Diarrhea occurs in groups of children under five years old (toddlers). According to the 2013 risk assessment, in Boyolali District the prevalence of obesity in children was 11.6% consisted of 7.5% fat and 4.1% obese. This study aimed to examine the determinants of overweight and obesity among primary school students in Boyolali, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. The study was conducted at 25 elementary schools in Ngemplak sub-district, Boyolali, Central Java, from April 2017 to June 2018. A sample of 200 students was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was fat and obese nutritional status. Independent variables were family income, pocket money, paternal BMI, maternal BMI, nutritional intake, and physical activity. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel linear regression.Results: Family income (b= 1.65; 95% CI= 8.28 to 2.48; p<0.001), pocket money (b = 0.001; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.01; p<0.001), paternal BMI (b= 0.11; 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.16; p<0.001), maternal BMI (b= 0.06; 95% CI= 0.38 to 0.96; p<0.001), nutritional intake (b = 0.87; 95% CI= 0.35 to1.14; p= 0.001), and physical activity (b= -0.04; 95% CI= -0.05 to -0.06; p<0.001) increased fat and obesity in children. School had a strong contextual effect on fat and obesity among children with ICC= 14.34%.Conclusion: Family income, pocket money, paternal BMI, maternal BMI, nutritional intake, and physical activity increase fat and obesity in children. The school has a strong contextual effect on fat and obesity among children.Keywords: determinants, fat, obesity, physical activity, nutritional intake, multilevel analysisCorrespondence: Dwi Wijayanti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: dwijaymail@gmail.com. Mobile:+6285642214066.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(5): 304-311https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.05.01
Life Course Factors Associated with Stunting in Children Aged 2-5 Years: A Path Analysis Dewi, Ayu Rosita; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 5 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Worldwide, in 2014, 23.8% of the children under-five years of age were stunted following the WHO definition, 7.5% were wasted but 6.1% had overweight or were obese. Developing countries host the bulk of the global stunting and child mortality rate. This study aimed to examine life course factors associated with stunting in children aged 2-5 years, using path analysis model.Subjek dan Metode: A case control study was conducted in Tulungagung, East Java, from October to November 2018. A sample of 200 children under five was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), maternal height, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, birth weight, birth length, infection disease, and clean water supply and sanitation. Data on maternal height was measured by microtoise. The other data were collected by maternal and child health book and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Stunting directly decreased with maternal MUAC (b= 2.47; 95% CI= 0.33 to 2.86; p= 0.013), maternal height (b=3.10; 95% CI= 0.79 to 3.54; p= 0.002), exclusive breastfeeding (b= 4.78; 95% CI= 2.05 to 4.91; p<0.001), complementary feeding (b= 2.35; 95% CI= 0.25 to 2.83; p= 0.019), normal birth weight (b= 3.64; 95% CI= 1.26 to 4.21; p<0.001), normal birth length (b= 4.10; 95% CI= 1.63 to 4.62; p<0.001), no infection disease (b= 3.28; 95% CI= 0.87 to 3.47; p= 0.001), and clean water supply (b= 2.99; 95% CI= 0.72 to 3.49; p<0.001). Stunting indirectly affected with infection disease and birth weight.Conclusion: Stunting directly decreases with maternal MUAC, maternal height, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, normal birth weight, normal birth length, no infection disease, and clean water supply. Stunting indirectly affects with infection disease and birth weight.Keywords: stunting, determinants, path analysisCorrespondence: Ayu Rosita Dewi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: ayrost2014@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285856852680.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(5): 358-367https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.05.09
The Effects of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Contextual Factor of Village on Stunting in Bontang, East Kalimantan, Indonesia Sugiyanto, Joko; Raharjo, Setyo Sri; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 4, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Basic Health Research Results of 2018 stated that 30.8% of Indonesian children experienced Stunting. Stunting problems describe the existence of chronic nutritional problems, which can be influenced by a variety of interrelated factors. This study aimed to examine the determinants of stunting Bontang, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case control design. It was conducted at 15 sub-districts in Bontang, East Kalimantan, from February to April 2019. A sample of 225 children was selected by purposive sampling. The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were exclusive breastfeeding, history of infection, low birth weight (LBW), economic status, maternal education, maternal height, basic sanitation, and Community Based Total Sanitation (CBTS) urban village status. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel multiple logistic regression.Results: The risk of stunting decreased with maternal height ≥150 cm (b = -1.37; 95% CI= -2.41 to -0.32; p = 0.010), maternal education ≥senior high school (b = -1.83; 95 % CI= -2.79 to -0.87; p<0.001), exclusive breastfeeding (b= -1.67; 95% CI= -3.28 to -0.06; p= 0.042), and high economic status (b= -1.33; 95% CI= -2.23 to -0.41; p= 0.004). It was increased with number of family members >4 (b= 1.32; 95% CI= 0.41 to 2.22; p= 0.004), history of infectious disease (b= 2.23; 95% CI= 1.32 to 3.14; p<0.001), poor environmental sanitation (b= 1.83; 95% CI= 0.64 to 3.02; p= 0.003), and LBW (b= 1.30; 95% CI= 0.04 to 2.56; p= 0.043). Subdistricts had neglected contextual effect on the incidence of stunting with ICC <1%.Conclusion: The risk of stunting decreases with maternal height ≥150 cm, maternal education ≥senior high school, exclusive breastfeeding, and high economic status. It is increased with number of family members >4, history of infectious disease, poor environmental sanitation, and LBW. Subdistricts has neglected contextual effect on the incidence of stunting.Keywords: stunting,exclusive breastfeeding, multilevel analysisCorrespondence: Joko Sugiyanto. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: jksgnt@gmail.com.Mobile: 081254261020Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2019), 4(3): 222-233 https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2019.04.03.10
Risk Factors of Hypertension in High School Students: Multilevel Evidence of The Contextual Effect of School Kurnianingsih, Mayasari; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 4, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: In 2025, it is projected that 29% of the world's citizens will suffer from hyper­tension. Hypertension does not only occur in adults but in adolescents. The prevalence of Indonesian hypertension is relatively high at 34.1%. Hypertension if not treated immediately can cause death. This study aimed to analyze risk factors of hypertension in high school students.Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Bantul, Yogyakarta, from April to May 2019. A sample of 200 adolescents aged 15-19 years was selected by probability sampling. The dependent variable was hypertension. The independent variables were gender, genetic history, obesity, dietary pattern, sleep duration, stress, and money pocket. The data on hypertension were collected using sphygmomanometer. BMI was measured by microtoise and weight scale. Data on stress were measured by perceived stress scale (PSS). The other variables were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: The risk of hypertension increased with male gender (b= 1.87; 95% CI= 0.38 to 3.36; p= 0.014), genetic history (b= 1.93; 95% CI= 0.48 to 3.39; p= 0.009), obesity (b= 2.15; 95% CI= 0.76 to 3.55; p= 0.002), poor dietary pattern (b= 1.54 CI 95% = 0.97 to 2.99; p= 0.036), sleep duration <8 hours/day (b= 2.28; 95% CI= 0.63 to 3.93; p= 0.007), high stress (b= 3.52; 95% CI= 1.64 to 5.39; p<0.001), and high money pocket (b= 2.00; 95% CI= 0.45 to 3.56; p= 0.011). School had contextual effect on hypertension with ICC= 22.47%.Conclusions: The risk of hypertension increased with male gender, genetic history, obesity, poor dietary pattern, sleep duration <8 hours/day, high stress, and high money pocket. School has contextual effect on hypertension.Keywords: hypertension, adolescence, diet, stress, duration of sleep, socio-economicCorrespondence: Mayasari Kurnianingsih. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: mayyasarikurnia@gmail.com. Mobile: +628­5729990090.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2019), 4(4): 259-269https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2019.04.04.01
Co-Authors ?Arub, Lathifah A, Yayang Kharistik Abd. Rasyid Syamsuri Adriyani, Rita Benya Agusningtyas, Nisia Hari Alvianti, Neily Widya Ambarwati, Dyah Anggraeni, Anastasia Dwi Anik Lestari Anindya, Ivanda Glanny Annarahayu, Lutfi Annisaa, Salwa Apriyanti, Ruth Ardianti, Febrina Arika, Romiza Arini Tri Lestari Ayusari, Amelya Augusthina Aziza, Triana Ulfa Nur Azizah, Alfi Makrifatul Azzahrah, Aisyah ‘Arub, Lathifah Babys, Isna Yuswella Bhisma Murti Budiyanti Wiboworini Damalita, Annisa Fitriana Dania, Samara Rahma Dewi, Ayu Rosita Dewi, Ayu Rosita Dhewi Nurahmawati Dianika, Bani Didik Gunawan Tamtomo Didik Tamtomo, Didik Dono Indarto Dwi Rahayu Dwi Wijayanti Endang Sutisna Sulaeman Eti Kuswandari Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari Fatmawati, Zeny Fauziyyah, Rona Luthfi Firdaus, Riza Firdausia, Shalsabilla Tiara Firstiafina Tiffany Fitriyaningsih, Ayu Hadianti, Ayunita Dwi Handana, Arya Dwi Handayani, Anggun Fitri Handayani, Sutartinah Sri Harsono Salimo Harsono, Rizki Dwi Agustin Hastuti, Uki Retno Budi Huwaida, Dhea Zahra Ika Yuli Ayuningrum Ikawati, Yani Indarwati, Ika Indria, Gita Ayu Indriyani, Eny Irnawati, Prita Yuliana Khairunnisa, Lia Krisnawati, Hesthi Kudu, Stevani Rambu Kunaryanti, Kunaryanti Kunaryanti, Kunaryanti Kurnianingsih, Mayasari Kusmadewi Eka Damayanti kusnandar kusnandar Latifah, Mirzawati Lestari, Esti Lestari, Esti Lidia Aditama Putri Lolita Lolita Mariyana, Anna MDF, Renidya Asyura Muhammad Rifqi Azhary Murdikawati, Dayang Fitri Murdikawati, Dayang Fitri Muslimah, Putri Andini MY. Cendy Nindra Brilliana Nirwana, Astika Candra Nur Hafidha Hikmayani Nurjanah, Ahmitta Laila Nurlaili, Riftiani Nikmatul Nurmayanti, Rika Nurvitasari, Rahsunji Intan Nuswantari, Atika Pangestu, Utami Pangestuti, Restu Pardosi, Firman Prasetya, Hanung Priscilla Jessica Pihahey Purnasari, Ratih Hermas Purwaningsih, Yustina Purwiyanti, Risye Endri Putra, Sinar Perdana Qadrijati, Isna Rachmawati, Nur Cahya Rahardjo, Setyo Sri Rahardjo, Setyo Sri Rakhmahayu, Atika Rakhmahayu, Atika Ramadhaningtiyas, Ahshaina Ratih, Dewi Mustika Ratna, Tantri Yunita RB. Soemanto Reviana, Prita Alvina Riski Anisa, Riski Rita Adriani Benya Adriani Rosyidah, Milatur Safriana, Latifah Sajalia, Husniyati Sani, Mario Febrianus Helan Santy Irene Putri Sapja Anantanyu, Sapja Saputri, Dyah Ayu Sari, Amelya Augusthina Ayu Satriani, Hayu Andita Septianawati, Linda Wahyu Setiyaningsih, Rita Setyo Sri Raharjo Shabrina, Amalina Simatupang, Abdul Malik Sinawangwulan, Indah Permatasari Sinu Andhi Jusup, Sinu Andhi Sitorukmi, Galuh Slamet Riyadi Soemanto, RB Sugihardjo Sugihardjo Sugiyanto, Joko Sukoco, Amin Susanti, Isne Sutomo, Zahrina Fildza Luthfiana Tjung, Vivienne Tri Rejeki Andayani Tungga, Tersia Marentiva Tyas Aisyah Putri Uki Retno Budihastuti Utami, Agustina Dwi Utii, Agustina Vitri Widyaningsih Wakhidah, Martini Shoim Wardhani, Lusi Oka Wayanshakty, Janur Putri Wekadigunawan, C.S.P. Wekadigunawan, CSP Wekadigunawan, CSP. widardo, Widardo Widhiyanti, Fitria Wijayanti, Poppy Wulandari Wulandari Yopiana, Elma Yuli Astuti Yuniarti, Windy Yunita, Astri Yunita, Astri Zummatul Atika Zuraida Zulkarnain, Zuraida