Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Peran Kepala Sekolah dalam Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka: Studi Kasus di Sekolah Dasar Islam Al Furqon Rembang Ali Wahyudi; Rasiman Rasiman; Soedjono Soedjono
JAMP : Jurnal Administrasi dan Manajemen Pendidikan Vol 9, No 1 (2026): Volume 9 No 1 Maret 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract: Education is a cornerstone for human resource development, and curriculum transformation is crucial to enhance learning quality. This study examines the role of school principals in implementing the Independent Curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka) at SD Islam Al Furqon Rembang. A qualitative case study design was used to explore the principals’ managerial functions, including planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. Data were collected through structured interviews, non-participant observation, and document analysis, then analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. Findings reveal that the principal plays a strategic role in designing implementation programs based on school needs, establishing curriculum teams, supervising academic activities, facilitating teacher collaboration, and monitoring learning outcomes. These managerial functions are executed systematically, collaboratively, and adaptively, ensuring alignment with the Independent Curriculum and 21st-century learning demands. The study highlights that successful curriculum implementation strongly depends on the principal’s capacity as an instructional leader and change agent. The findings offer practical implications for strengthening professional development of school leaders and teachers and optimizing student-centered, innovative, and contextualized learning, while fostering character development and essential competencies. Keywords: school principal, Independent Curriculum, school management, instructional leadership, primary education Abstrak: Pendidikan merupakan fondasi pengembangan sumber daya manusia, dan transformasi kurikulum menjadi kunci untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menganalisis peran kepala sekolah dalam implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka di SD Islam Al Furqon Rembang. Penelitian menggunakan desain studi kasus kualitatif untuk mengeksplorasi fungsi manajerial kepala sekolah, meliputi perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan, dan pengendalian. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terstruktur, observasi nonpartisipan, dan analisis dokumen, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepala sekolah berperan strategis dalam merancang program implementasi berdasarkan kebutuhan sekolah, membentuk tim kurikulum, melakukan supervisi akademik, memfasilitasi kolaborasi guru, dan memantau hasil pembelajaran. Fungsi manajerial tersebut dijalankan secara sistematis, kolaboratif, dan adaptif, sehingga selaras dengan Kurikulum Merdeka dan tuntutan pembelajaran abad ke-21. Penelitian ini menekankan bahwa keberhasilan implementasi kurikulum sangat bergantung pada kapasitas kepala sekolah sebagai pemimpin instruksional dan agen perubahan. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi praktis untuk penguatan pengembangan profesional kepala sekolah dan guru, serta optimalisasi pembelajaran yang berpusat pada peserta didik, inovatif, kontekstual, sekaligus mendukung pengembangan karakter dan kompetensi esensial. Kata kunci: kepala sekolah, Kurikulum Merdeka, manajemen sekolah, kepemimpinan instruksional, pendidikan dasar

Pengaruh Supervisi Akademik dan Motivasi Kerja Guru terhadap Kualitas Pembelajaran Imamuddin Sa'id; Rasiman Rasiman; Soedjono Soedjono
JAMP : Jurnal Administrasi dan Manajemen Pendidikan Vol 9, No 1 (2026): Volume 9 No 1 Maret 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the effect of academic supervision and teachers’ work motivation on the quality of learning in Sekolah Dasar Penggerak in Rembang Regency. The study employed a quantitative approach with a survey design. The population consisted of 107 teachers from six Sekolah Dasar Penggerak, selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through a closed-ended questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using simple linear regression and multiple linear regression after meeting the prerequisite assumption tests. The results indicated that academic supervision had a positive and significant effect on learning quality (β = 0.412; t = 6.149; p < 0.05). Teachers’ work motivation also had a positive and significant effect on learning quality (β = 0.563; t = 7.602; p < 0.05). Simultaneously, academic supervision and teachers’ work motivation significantly influenced learning quality (F = 141.328; p < 0.05) with an Adjusted R² value of 0.726, indicating that both variables contributed 72.6% to the variance in learning quality. These findings confirm that improving learning quality requires the integration of effective principal academic supervision and strengthened teachers’ work motivation to support learning transformation in Sekolah Dasar Penggerak Keywords: academic supervision, teachers’ work motivation, learning quality Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh supervisi akademik dan motivasi kerja guru terhadap kualitas pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar Penggerak Kabupaten Rembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain survei. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 107 guru dari enam Sekolah Dasar Penggerak dengan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket tertutup skala Likert lima tingkat dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear sederhana serta regresi linear berganda setelah memenuhi uji prasyarat analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa supervisi akademik berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas pembelajaran (β = 0,412; t = 6,149; p < 0,05). Motivasi kerja guru juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas pembelajaran (β = 0,563; t = 7,602; p < 0,05). Secara simultan, supervisi akademik dan motivasi kerja guru berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas pembelajaran (F = 141,328; p < 0,05) dengan nilai Adjusted R² sebesar 0,726, yang menunjukkan bahwa kedua variabel memberikan kontribusi sebesar 72,6% terhadap variasi kualitas pembelajaran. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa peningkatan mutu pembelajaran memerlukan integrasi antara efektivitas supervisi kepala sekolah dan penguatan motivasi kerja guru dalam mendukung transformasi pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar Penggerak. Kata kunci: supervisi akademik, motivasi kerja guru, kualitas pembelajaran

PROFIL PEMECAHAN MASALAH ETNOMATEMATIKA PADA MATERI GEOMETRI BAGI SISWA BERKEMAMPUAN MATEMATIKA TINGGI Selviani, Mini Tika; Rasiman, Rasiman; Pramasdyahsari, Agnita Siska
Prismatika: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Riset Matematika Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021): Prismatika: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Riset Matematika
Publisher : Universitas Insan Budi Utomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This study aims to determine the profile of ethnomathematics problem solving in geometry material in terms of students’ mathematical abilities. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative research. The subject taken were one class VIII student who had high mathematical abilities. Data collection was carried out by means of a math ability test, ethnomathematics problem solving test, and interviews. The data analysis technique was carried out in three stages, namely reduction, presentation, and drawing conslusions. The validity of the data used triangulation method, which is to compare the results of ethnomathematics problem solving tests with the results of interviews. The analysis was developed based on indicators of problem-solving abilities with attention to students’ mathematical abilities. Based on the results of the analysis, ethnomathematics can improve mathematical skills which have an impact on increasing the problem-solving abilities of students. Ethnomathematics based problem solving in geometry material makes it easier for students to express student’s mathematical knowledge and skills. It is proven that subjects with high mathematical abilities also have high problem solving abilities.

Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa Kelas XI pada Materi Lingkaran Innarotus Sha'adah; Rasiman Rasiman; Agus Setiawan
FARABI: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika Vol 7 No 1 (2024): FARABI: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika FKIP UNIVA Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47662/farabi.v7i1.725

This research aims to describe students' mathematical creative thinking abilities on the topic of circles. The research method used is qualitative descriptive. The research instruments consist of essay tests covering indicators of creative thinking, interviews, and documentation. The subjects selected for this study were students of class XI-10 at SMA Negeri 2 Semarang, from whom 2 students representing each category of creative thinking ability were selected for analysis of their work. The basis for selecting these subjects is through the interpretation of scores on the creative thinking ability test obtained in the form of percentages according to their qualifications. Data were analyzed qualitatively through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Data validity was ensured using method triangulation. The research results indicate that among the class XI-10 students in this study, there are 2 students with creative thinking abilities in the creative category fulfilling 3 out of the total 4 indicators. There are 2 students with creative thinking abilities in the fairly creative category who fulfill 2 indicators. Meanwhile, among students with creative thinking abilities in the less creative category, there is 1 student who only fulfills 1 indicator and 1 student who does not fulfill all indicators.

Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Kelas XI pada Materi Lingkaran Firda Aisa Miftahunida; Rasiman Rasiman; Agus Setiawan
FARABI: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika Vol 7 No 1 (2024): FARABI: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika FKIP UNIVA Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47662/farabi.v7i1.726

Critical thinking skills are abilities that must be developed and possessed by someone in an investigation that involves six indicators of Interpretation, Analysis, Evaluation, Inference, Explanation, and Self-Regulation. This study aims to describe students' critical thinking skills in solving math problems. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative where this method is used in analyzing students' critical thinking skills. The subjects in this study were SMA Negeri 2 Semarang class XI-9 students totaling 36 students, 26 female students and 10 male students, after consideration, the subjects were taken based on the level of ability in answering questions high, medium, and low. Techniques in data collection are observation, tests and interviews. Data validity uses triangulation techniques and the analysis techniques used in this study are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results in this study that there are differences in students' critical thinking skills in solving mathematical problems where high level students are able to fulfill the indicators of six indicators optimally. Medium level students are able to fulfill four indicators less optimally. The low level is only able to achieve a few and not optimal.

Pengaruh Supervisi Akademik dan Motivasi Kerja Guru terhadap Kualitas Pembelajaran Imamuddin Sa'id; Rasiman Rasiman; Soedjono Soedjono
JAMP : Jurnal Administrasi dan Manajemen Pendidikan Vol 9, No 1 (2026): Volume 9 No 1 Maret 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the effect of academic supervision and teachers’ work motivation on the quality of learning in Sekolah Dasar Penggerak in Rembang Regency. The study employed a quantitative approach with a survey design. The population consisted of 107 teachers from six Sekolah Dasar Penggerak, selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through a closed-ended questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using simple linear regression and multiple linear regression after meeting the prerequisite assumption tests. The results indicated that academic supervision had a positive and significant effect on learning quality (β = 0.412; t = 6.149; p < 0.05). Teachers’ work motivation also had a positive and significant effect on learning quality (β = 0.563; t = 7.602; p < 0.05). Simultaneously, academic supervision and teachers’ work motivation significantly influenced learning quality (F = 141.328; p < 0.05) with an Adjusted R² value of 0.726, indicating that both variables contributed 72.6% to the variance in learning quality. These findings confirm that improving learning quality requires the integration of effective principal academic supervision and strengthened teachers’ work motivation to support learning transformation in Sekolah Dasar Penggerak Keywords: academic supervision, teachers’ work motivation, learning quality Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh supervisi akademik dan motivasi kerja guru terhadap kualitas pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar Penggerak Kabupaten Rembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain survei. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 107 guru dari enam Sekolah Dasar Penggerak dengan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket tertutup skala Likert lima tingkat dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear sederhana serta regresi linear berganda setelah memenuhi uji prasyarat analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa supervisi akademik berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas pembelajaran (β = 0,412; t = 6,149; p < 0,05). Motivasi kerja guru juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas pembelajaran (β = 0,563; t = 7,602; p < 0,05). Secara simultan, supervisi akademik dan motivasi kerja guru berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas pembelajaran (F = 141,328; p < 0,05) dengan nilai Adjusted R² sebesar 0,726, yang menunjukkan bahwa kedua variabel memberikan kontribusi sebesar 72,6% terhadap variasi kualitas pembelajaran. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa peningkatan mutu pembelajaran memerlukan integrasi antara efektivitas supervisi kepala sekolah dan penguatan motivasi kerja guru dalam mendukung transformasi pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar Penggerak. Kata kunci: supervisi akademik, motivasi kerja guru, kualitas pembelajaran

Peran Kepala Sekolah dalam Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka: Studi Kasus di Sekolah Dasar Islam Al Furqon Rembang Ali Wahyudi; Rasiman Rasiman; Soedjono Soedjono
JAMP : Jurnal Administrasi dan Manajemen Pendidikan Vol 9, No 1 (2026): Volume 9 No 1 Maret 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract: Education is a cornerstone for human resource development, and curriculum transformation is crucial to enhance learning quality. This study examines the role of school principals in implementing the Independent Curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka) at SD Islam Al Furqon Rembang. A qualitative case study design was used to explore the principals’ managerial functions, including planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. Data were collected through structured interviews, non-participant observation, and document analysis, then analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. Findings reveal that the principal plays a strategic role in designing implementation programs based on school needs, establishing curriculum teams, supervising academic activities, facilitating teacher collaboration, and monitoring learning outcomes. These managerial functions are executed systematically, collaboratively, and adaptively, ensuring alignment with the Independent Curriculum and 21st-century learning demands. The study highlights that successful curriculum implementation strongly depends on the principal’s capacity as an instructional leader and change agent. The findings offer practical implications for strengthening professional development of school leaders and teachers and optimizing student-centered, innovative, and contextualized learning, while fostering character development and essential competencies. Keywords: school principal, Independent Curriculum, school management, instructional leadership, primary education Abstrak: Pendidikan merupakan fondasi pengembangan sumber daya manusia, dan transformasi kurikulum menjadi kunci untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menganalisis peran kepala sekolah dalam implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka di SD Islam Al Furqon Rembang. Penelitian menggunakan desain studi kasus kualitatif untuk mengeksplorasi fungsi manajerial kepala sekolah, meliputi perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan, dan pengendalian. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terstruktur, observasi nonpartisipan, dan analisis dokumen, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepala sekolah berperan strategis dalam merancang program implementasi berdasarkan kebutuhan sekolah, membentuk tim kurikulum, melakukan supervisi akademik, memfasilitasi kolaborasi guru, dan memantau hasil pembelajaran. Fungsi manajerial tersebut dijalankan secara sistematis, kolaboratif, dan adaptif, sehingga selaras dengan Kurikulum Merdeka dan tuntutan pembelajaran abad ke-21. Penelitian ini menekankan bahwa keberhasilan implementasi kurikulum sangat bergantung pada kapasitas kepala sekolah sebagai pemimpin instruksional dan agen perubahan. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi praktis untuk penguatan pengembangan profesional kepala sekolah dan guru, serta optimalisasi pembelajaran yang berpusat pada peserta didik, inovatif, kontekstual, sekaligus mendukung pengembangan karakter dan kompetensi esensial. Kata kunci: kepala sekolah, Kurikulum Merdeka, manajemen sekolah, kepemimpinan instruksional, pendidikan dasar

PELATIHAN PEMBELAJARAN KODING DAN KECERDASAN ARTIFISIAL (KA) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR DIGITAL BAGI GURU SD KECAMATAN TUNTANG Rasiman Rasiman; Widya Kusumaningsih; Joko Sulianto; Husni Wakhyudin
MIMBAR INTEGRITAS : Jurnal Pengabdian Vol 4 No 2 (2025): AGUSTUS 2025
Publisher : Biro Administrasi dan Akademik

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36841/mimbarintegritas.v4i2.6604

Tujuan pelatihan memberi bekal terkait pembelajaran Koding dan Kecerdasan Artifisial (KA) bagi guru SD di Kecamatan Tuntang. Tujuan khusunya adalah meningkatkan kompetensi guru agar menguasai pembelajaran Koding dan KA, Integrasi Koding dan KA dalam pendidikan tidak hanya untuk meningkatkan literasi digital dan kemampuan penyelesaian masalah, tetapi juga mengajarkan berbagai keterampilan esensial yang mencakup berpikir komputasional, analisis data, algoritma pemrograman, etika KA, human-centered mindset, design system KA, dan teknik KA. Langkah-langkah dalam melaksanakan program pengabdian sebagai berikut: (1) Penyusunan proposal, kegiatan berdasarkan analisis masalah dan kebutuhan guru SD, serta menggunakan refesensi-referensi yang up to date berkaitan dengan pembelajaran Koding dan Kecerdasan Artifisial (2) Koordinasi dengan mitra, untuk menentukan waktu pelaksanaan (3) Pelaksanaan pelatihan mulai dari teori dan praktek berlangsung selama 3 bulan. Metode yang digunakan metode kaji tindak yaitu dilakukan kegiatan pelatihan intensif, implementasi, dipantau dan dievaluasi, serta tindak lanjut implementasi dan perbaikan kegiatan. Metode pelatihan dengan ceramah, tanya jawab, pemberian motivasi, penugasan, curah pendapat, dan metode pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam pelatihan untuk membentuk karakter guru yang kompeten dalam bidang teknologi menggunakan pendekatan andragogi dimana metode ini khusus digunakan untuk orang dewasa. Hasil yang dicapai dalam pelatihan memberikan pembelajaran, pelatihan dan pendampingan terhadap guru SD untuk menguasai pembelajaran Koding dan KA, diantaranya: (1) Meningkatkan pembelajaran koding (2) Membangun keterampilan digital, berpikir kritis, kreatif, kolaboratif (3) Pemecahan masalah-keterampilan esensial dalam dunia yang terus berubah (4) Guru SD mampu memanfaatkan beberapa aplikasi pembuatan media pembelajaran yang ada di internet, seperti Doodley dan Toonley.

PELATIHAN PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PLATFORM ANIMAKER UNTUK MENDUKUNG KEMAMPUAN LITERASI TEKNOLOGI BAGI GURU SD KECAMATAN UNGARAN BARAT Rasiman Rasiman; Widya Kusumaningsih; Titik Haryati; Husni Wakhyudin
MIMBAR INTEGRITAS : Jurnal Pengabdian Vol 3 No 2 (2024): AGUSTUS 2024
Publisher : Biro Administrasi dan Akademik

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36841/mimbarintegritas.v3i2.5364

Tujuan pelatihan pengembangan media pembelajaran platform animaker bagi guru SD di Kecamatan Ungaran Barat adalah meningkatkan kompetensi guru agar terampil dalam membuat media pembelajaran berbentuk animasi pembelajaran, guna mewujudkan pembelajaran yang menarik dan atraktif. Langkah-langkah dalam melaksanakan program pengabdian sebagai berikut: (1) Penyusunan proposal, kegiatan berdasarkan analisis masalah dan kebutuhan guru SD, serta menggunakan refesensi-referensi yang up to date berkaitan dengan pengembangan media pembelajaran, (2) Koordinasi dengan mitra, untuk menentukan waktu pelaksanaan, (3) Pelaksanaan pelatihan mulai dari teori dan praktek berlangsung selama 3 bulan. Metode yang digunakan metode kaji tindak yaitu dilakukan kegiatan pelatihan intensif, implementasi, dipantau dan dievaluasi, serta tindak lanjut implementasi dan perbaikan kegiatan. Metode pelatihan dengan ceramah, tanya jawab, pemberian motivasi, penugasan, curah pendapat, dan metode pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam pelatihan untuk membentuk karakter guru yang kompeten dalam bidang teknologi menggunakan pendekatan andragogi dimana metode ini khusus digunakan untuk orang dewasa. Hasil yang dicapai dalam pelatihan Memberikan pembelajaran, pelatihan dan pendampingan terhadap guru SD untuk memproduksi media pembelajaran animasi, keterampilan yang yang dihasilkan diantaranya: (1) Guru SD mampu membuat tulisan animasi untuk media pembelajaran dan mixing gambar dan audionya, (2) Guru SD mampu membuat berbagai gerakan aset gambar yang ada di aplikasi animaker untuk media pembelajaran, (3) Adanya peningkatan kualitas mixing audio dan mastering media yang menggunakan aset gambar dan tulisan yang disediakan oleh animaker, dan (4) Peningkatan literasi teknologi para guru SD terutama dalam memanfaatkan beberapa aplikasi pembuatan media pembelajaran yang ada di internet, seperti Doodley, dan Toonley. Luarannya adalah (1) Jurnal nasional terakreditasi, (2) Media massa, dan (3) HKI.

Development of a Cub Scout Module Based on General Proficiency Requirements to Improve Elementary School Students' Learning Outcomes Ediyanto, Ediyanto; Rakhmawati, Dini; Rasiman, Rasiman
Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Ilmu Pendidikan: e-Saintika Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): July
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/e-saintika.v9i2.2921

This study aims to develop a Cub Scout module based on General Proficiency Requirements (Syarat Kecakapan Umum/SKU) that is effective in improving the learning outcomes of elementary school students in the Cub Scout category. The module was developed using the PLOMP model, which consists of five stages: preliminary investigation, design, construction, evaluation and revision, and implementation. However, the implementation stage was not carried out, as the research focused solely on product development. The study was conducted at SDN Baros 04 Brebes with a sample of 20 Cub Scout students. The instruments used included expert validation sheets, observation sheets, questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. Data analysis was performed using quantitative descriptive methods and paired-sample t-tests. The module was deemed highly valid based on expert assessments, with an average score of 4.7. The average pretest score of 60.5 increased to 70.3 in the post-test, with an N-Gain score of 0.46, categorized as moderate. The paired-sample t-test showed a significant difference between pretest and post-test results (mean = 9.600; Std. Deviation = 5.720; Std. Error Mean = 1.280; t = -7.21; p < 0.001), indicating that the use of the module had a positive impact on students' learning outcomes. Students responded very positively to the module, with an average score of 4.1 (categorized as very good). The Cub Scout module based on SKU was proven to be valid and effective in enhancing students’ understanding, motivation, and learning outcomes. Further development at the implementation stage is recommended to evaluate long-term impacts and expand its application to other educational levels and contexts.

Title

Found 150 Documents
Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title Search

Found 150 Documents Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title

Found 150 Documents
Search