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Development of Sorghum Tolerant to Acid Soil Using Induced Mutation with Gamma Irradiation S. Human; Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas; Sihono Sihono; Sungkono Sungkono
Atom Indonesia Vol 36, No 1 (2010): April 2010
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (316.302 KB) | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2010.6

Abstract

Water scarcity still becomes a problem in some dryland agricultural areas in Indonesia. Development of dryland farming system may be focused on crops that are required less water such as sorghum. Sorghum is a cereal crop that is usually grown under hot and dry condition and it is ideal for Indonesia. Sorghum is a good source of food, animal feed and raw material for ethanol. Indonesia is currently looking for alternative renewable energy resources and sorghum is regarded as one of the promising source of bioethanol as bioenergy. Unfortunately, most agricultural land in western part of the country particularly in Sumatera and Kalimantan is dryland and dominated by acid soil. The main constraint of crop production in acid soil is deficiency and Al toxicity. Therefore, development of sorghum cultivation in dryland farming system requires a variety which is tolerant to such conditions. Sorghum breeding for acid soil tolerance had been conducted at PATIR-BATAN by using induced mutations with gamma irradiation. The breeding objective was to search for sorghum genotypes tolerant to acid soil condition and with regard to sorghum use for bioethanol production. A number of 66 breeding materials, including the mutants, had been screened for acid soil tolerance on land with soil pH of 4.2 and 39% Al saturation in Lampung Province. Ten sorghum genotypes had been identified as high yielding in the acid soil condition. The mutant lines GH-ZB-41-07, YT30-39-07, B-76 and B-92 had grain yield higher (>4.5 t/ha) than the control plants (Durra, Mandau and Numbu). Sorghum mutants ZH30-29-07, ZH30-30-07 and ZH30-35-07 were promising for grain-base bioethanol production with ethanol yield exceeded 2,000 l/ha. Meanwhile, the sweet sorghum mutants ZH30-35-07, ZH30-30-07 and ZH30-29-07 had brix content of 11.59, 11.95 and 10.50%, respectively. These mutant lines are promising to be developed further in sorghum breeding since they are highly tolerant to acid soils. Received: 20 November 2009; Revised: 20 April 2010; Accepted: 21 April 2010
Evaluating Genetic Variability of Sorghum Mutant Lines Tolerant to Acid Soil W. Puspitasari; S. Human; D. Wirnas; Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas
Atom Indonesia Vol 38, No 2 (2012): August 2012
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2012.165

Abstract

High rainfall in some parts in Indonesia causes soil become acidic. The main constraint of acid soil is phosphor (P) deficiency and aluminum (Al) toxicity which decrease plant productivity. To overcome this problem, it is important to develop a crop variety tolerant to such conditions. Sorghum is probably one of the potential crops to meet that objective. Sorghum has been reported to have wide adaptability to various agro-ecology and can be used as food and animal feed. Unfortunately, sorghum is not Indonesian origin so its genetic variability is still low. From previous breeding works with induced mutation, some promising mutant lines have been developed. These mutant lines were included in the experiment carried out in Tenjo with soil condition was classified as acid soil with pH 4.8 and exchangeable-Al content 2.43 me/100 g. The objectives of this experiment were to study the magnitude of genetic variability of agronomy and grain quality characters in sorghum in order to facilitate the breeding improvement of the species. Plant materials used in this study were ten genotypes, including 6 mutant lines and 4 control varieties. The randomized block design with three replications was used in the experiment. The genetic variabilities of agronomic and grain quality characters existed among genotypes, such as plant height, number of leaves, stalk diameter, biomass weight, panicle length, grain yield per plant, 100 seed weight and tannin content in the grain. The broad sense heritabilities of agronomic characters were estimated ranging from medium to high. Grain yield showed significantly positive correlation with agronomic characters observed, but it was negatively correlated with protein content. Received: 05 December 2011; Revised: 21 June 2012; Accepted: 02 July 2012
Keragaan Fenotipik Kedelai pada Dua Kondisi Intensitas Cahaya Ekstrim WAGE RATNA ROHAENI;   TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS; DESTA WIRNAS
Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science Vol 4 No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (23.435 KB)

Abstract

Phenotypic of Soybean at Two Extreme Condition of Light Intensity.Cultivation of soybean inrow rubber area was one of extensification programme for improving national soybean production. Theproblem on row rubber area was the low light intensity that could disturb soybean growth. Plant breedingfor creating tolerant variety for low light intensity was doing until now. Bogor Agricultural University hadmany lines for being candidate of tolerant variety. F6 soybean population from single seed descentmethode need to explored for that trait on low light intensity condition. The aim of this research was toknow the differences of soybean phenotypic between on low light intensity and full light intensity condition.The research was done on March – May 2009. Randomized complete block design with 3 replicationwas using as experimental design which lines as the treatment on two condition (low light and full lightcondition). The result saw that low light intensity was changing type of soybean growth, determinatebecame indeterminate type of growth. Low light intensity made soybean became early on floweringfase and water content on seed was increase. Low light intensity made decreasing the productivity until37.25% than full light intensity condition.
Characterization of Donor Genome Segments of BC2 and BC4 Way Rarem x Oryzica Llanos-5 Progenies Detected by SNP Markers Wening Enggarini; Surjono H. Sudjahjo; Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas; Sriani Sujiprihati; Utut Widyastuti; Kurniawan R. Trijatmiko; Sugiono Moeljopawiro; Masdiar Bustamam; Casiana V. Cruz
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 8, No 1 (2012): April
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v8n1.2012.p1-7

Abstract

Plant breedersmake a succession of backcrosses to introgress a characterfrom a donor parent into genomic background of a recurrentparent. In several backcrossing, the proportion of a genometends to return almost fully to recurrent parent, except thesmall donor genome segment harboring the character ofinterest. The estimation of the proportion donor segmentthrough backcross generations has been analyzedtheoretically using complex mathematical simulations. Inthis study, the proportion of donor introgression segmentswere directly analyzed in advanced backcross populations,BC2F7 and BC4F2. The analysis was done by using a set ofsingle nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers covering theentire rice genome. Of the 384 SNP markers we found 124markers which provide polymorphism between recurrentparent, Way Rarem and Oryzica Llanos-5 as donor parent.But only 55 SNP markers could detect Oryzica Llanos-5alleles in BC2F7 and BC4F2 progenies. The result of thisanalysis demonstrated that the average of donor segmentnumber was 14.5 in BC2F7 and 12.3 in BC4F2. It was reduced15% from BC2F7 to BC4F2. The average of donor segmentlength was 31.2 cM (centiMorgan) in BC2F7 and 8.79 cM inBC4F2. It was decreased 72% during twice backcrossing. Theaverage of donor genome size was 343.95 cM in BC2F7 and71.35 cM in BC4F2, which means there was 79% decreasefrom BC2F7 to BC4F2. These results offered a simple methodto describe the proportion of target genome segment fromdonor parent. It was required as one of the main selectioncriteria in backcross programs.
Pengembangan Tanaman Sela di Bawah Tegakan Tanaman Tahunan Didy Sopandie; Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 6, No 2 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Development of Crops Variety Tolerant to Low-light Intensity for Intercropping. The effort to increased food crops production is limited by the lack of arable land. Therefore, there is a need to utilize marginal areas such as land under estate crops which is partly shaded and hence have low light intensity as well as high acidity and drought condition. Production increase is marginal areas, such as lands under canopies of estate crops, could be achieved by improvement in (1) crop adaptation to abiotic stresses and resistance to biotic stress, (2) yield potential, and (3) cultural techniques which are based on knowledge in plant physiology and ecophysiology. A collaborative research on plant physiology, molecular biology and plant breeding is affected to be able to create approviate technologies to overcome those problems. Food crops which are potential to be produced under shaded condition as intercrops are upland rice, soybean, taro, elephant foot yams, and legume crops. Plant adaptation to low-light intensity is achieved through efficiency in light interception (avoidance) and utilization (tolerance). Through integrated research of interdisciplinary approach several promising lines of soybean having high productivity under 50% shading were selected.
Konsep Penerapan Syariat Islam dalam Pencegahan Perilaku Menyimpang pada Remaja SMA Kota Banda Aceh Abubakar Abubakar
Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum Vol 43, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law - Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajish.v43i2.105

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This article is purposed to know how concept, system and obstacles in implementing Syariah (Islam Law) in preventing misbehaviours on senior high school effectively. The respondences of this research come from related agencies, either Islam Law Department, School, Student Organization. Data collection was done by questionnaires, interview, workshop. The results of concept prevention deviate behaviour on teenages of Senior High School of Banda Aceh are: a) Direct Prevention Concept, Direct Prevention Concept is concept which assumed immediately can prevent misbehaviour of either teenages or the other age; (b) Indirect Prevention Concept, this kind of prevention is planning and sustainable attempts which can be used to prevent also can reduce one or groups intention to do disgraceful actions against values of Syariah (IslamLaw); (c) Guiding Concept, guiding is an effort of Syariah Department in giving and enhancing understanding to teachers and students regarding with True Syariah Implementation, along with sanctions faced as consequences of violationvalues; (d) Violation Prevention through Identification of Place and Violation Forms, and (e) Problems found by Department of Syariah in Preventing Deviate Behaviours Teenages in Senior High School Particularly.
Response of Temperate, Subtropical and Tropical Soybean Genotypes to Type-B Overflow Tidal Swamp of Indonesia Danner Sagala; Munif Ghulamahdi; Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas; Iskandar Lubis; Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa; Koki Homma
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 40, No 3 (2018): OCTOBER
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v40i3.1968

Abstract

Twenty-nine soybean genotypes originating from various countries were evaluated on the tidal swamp of Indonesia to obtain information of agronomic character diversity as the soybean response to the environment and to obtain adaptive genotypes that can be used to develop soybean genotypes for the land. This study was conducted in a complete randomized block design with 3 replications. Diverse genetic backgrounds, countries and climatic regions of the 29 soybean genotypes were responsible for the difference in agronomic responses among the genotypes. All temperate and sub-tropical genotypes were able to produce seeds in the tropical type-B overflow tidal swamp. Adaptability based on seed yield resulted in 1 highly adaptive, 17 adaptive, 5 moderately adaptive and 6 non-adaptive genotypes. Adaptive and highly adaptive genotypes produced 1.56 - 2.58 tons ha-1 of seeds. Karasumame (Naihou), a subtropical genotype, produced the highest seed yield which was 65% higher than Indonesia average soybean productivity and 225% higher than soybean productivity with non-saturated soil culture technology on the tidal swamp. This study concluded that temperate and subtropical genotypes could be used as germplasm sources for soybean development in the tropical type-B overflow tidal swamp in Indonesia.
The Endophytic Bacteria, Salicylic Acid, and their Combination as Inducers of Rice Resistance Against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Christoffol Leiwakabessy; Meity Suradji Sinaga; Kikin H. Mutaqien; Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas; Giyanto Giyanto
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 40, No 1 (2018): FEBRUARY
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v40i1.1029

Abstract

Bacterial leaf damage or blight brought by bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (X. oryzae pv. oryzae) is considered as an extremely serious disease of rice worldwide, including Indonesia. Induced resistance using chemical and biological agents was considered as a method to control the disease. The objectives of this research were to analyze of endophytic bacteria (Lysinibacillus sphaericus/L.sphaericus) and salicylic acid as the inducers of rice resistance against X. oryzae pv. oryzae. This study used three-factorial incompletely randomized designs to study the effect of endophytic bacteria and salicylic acid on three varieties of rice. The results of the study showed that endophytic bacteria and salicylic acid induced rice resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae. This endophytic bacterium was also able to increase the plant height (AUPHGC), the number of tillers (AUNTGC), and the number of productive tillers. The application of salicylic acid at the concentrations of 10 mM was able to suppress the BLB disease and increased the number of tillers and 1000-grain weight. The result of study showed that the endophytic bacteria and salicylic acid could induce resistance of rice varities against BLB disease and increased the number of productive tillers.
The Effect of Colchicine onGenome Size and Agronomical Traits and Correlation with Sugarcane Putative Mutants Production Nurya Yuniyati; Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas; Sri Suhesti
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 27, No 1 (2021): June, 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v27n1.2021.22-33

Abstract

The mutation could improve plant genetic variability. Some putative sugarcane mutants originating from the PS 881 variety have been produced through mutation induction using colchicine. The study aimed to determine the effect of colchicine induced on genome size and agronomical traits, and its correlation with sugarcane putative mutants production. The experiment was conducted at the UPBUP of IAARD, Bogor, July 2018-April 2019. The research was carried out in an augmented design in randomized complete block design, using 35 genotypes of the first generation G0 (30 putative mutants from colchicine 0.03 and 0.05%, five check varieties). The genome size, agronomical traits, i.e. stem number, length, diameter, and weight per meter; internode number and length; brix, and production, were evaluated. This result showed that colchicine increased 5.03-13.64% genome size of putative sugarcane mutants compared to the original variety PS 881. It is significantly different for almost all of agronomical traits. The genome size was significantly correlated very positively with brix and significantly positively with stem length and diameter, and production. Path analysis showed that stem (weight per meter and length) has a direct effect on production, in contrast, genome size, stem diameter, internode number, and brix have an indirect effect through stem weight per meter to production. Indirect selection to obtain high production can be done through stem (weight per meter and length), consider for genome size, stem diameter, internode number, and brix. This is  experimental preliminary information, validation on field is needed among direct and indirect of production components to production.Keywords: agronomical traits correlation, colchicine, path analysis, sugarcane production AbstrakPENGARUH KOLKISIN TERHADAP UKURAN GENOM DAN KARAKTER AGRONOMI SERTA HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PRODUKSI MUTAN PUTATIF TEBUPeningkatan keragaman genetik dapat dilakukan melalui mutasi. Sejumlah mutan putatif tebu yang berasal dari varietas PS 881 telah dihasilkan melalui induksi mutasi menggunakan kolkisin. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kolkisin terhadap ukuran genom dan karakter agronomi, serta hubungannya dengan produksi mutan putatif tebu. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Unit Pengelola Benih Unggul Pertanian (UPBUP), Badan Litbang Pertanian, Bogor, Juli 2018-April 2019. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan augmented dalam rancangan acak kelompok lengkap, dengan 35 genotipe generasi awal G0 (30 mutan putatif tebu hasil perlakuan kolkisin 0,03 dan 0,05%, serta lima varietas pembanding). Karakter yang diamati adalah ukuran genom dan karakter agronomi (jumlah, panjang, diameter, dan bobot batang per meter; jumlah dan panjang ruas; brix; serta produksi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan kolkisin meningkatkan ukuran genom mutan putatif tebu 5,03-13,64% dibandingkan tetua PS 881 dan mengakibatkan perbedaan yang nyata pada hampir seluruh karakter agronomi. Ukuran genom berkorelasi positif sangat nyata dengan brix dan nyata dengan panjang dan diameter batang, serta produksi. Analisis lintas menunjukkan karakter bobot batang per meter dan panjang batang berpengaruh langsung pada produksi, sedangkan karakter ukuran genom, diameter batang, jumlah ruas, dan brix berpengaruh tak langsung pada produksi melalui bobot batang per meter. Seleksi tak langsung untuk mendapatkan produksi tinggi terutama melalui karakter bobot batang per meter dan panjang batang dengan mempertimbangkan karakter ukuran genom, diameter batang, jumlah ruas, dan brix. Hasil penelitian merupakan informasi awal yang memerlukan validasi hubungan pengaruh langsung dan tak langsung komponen produksi terhadap produksi di tingkat lapangan.Kata kunci : analisis lintas, kolkisin, korelasi karakter agronomi, produksi tebu 
EKSPLORASI KONSORSIUM MIKROB FILOSFER DAN RIZOSFER ASAL BERBAGAI EKOSISTEM DI KABUPATEN SIGI PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH Aris Aksarah Pas; Didy Sopandie; Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas; Dwi Andreas Santosa
Jurnal Agrotech Vol 8 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS ALKHAIRAAT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31970/agrotech.v8i1.12

Abstract

Microbial consortium exploration in an ecosystem is a series of activities aimed at obtaining microb living in a consortium and beneficial to plant growth.The study aimed to obtain leaf and soil samples in various plants within an ecosystem, as a source of a consortium of microbial phyllosphere and rhizosphere to be tested for their effectiveness in increasing the growth and yield of rice crops. The method of determining the location is based on the method of transect sampling/line intersep plot design on an area of 5,196.02 km2. Site determination based on purposive sampling includes ecosystems: rice fields, gardens, pastures and forests.The results showed that, Sigi District has biodiversity in various ecosystems that have potential as source of consortium of microbial phyllosphere and rhizosphere. From the exploration results obtained a sample of 48 species of plants consisting of plants under the level of 30 species, 12 pile poles and 6 types of stakes. The results of the isolation of leaf and soil samples obtained 144 consortium of microbial phyllosphere and 48 consortium of microbial rhizosphere. The obtained consortium was then tested for its effectiveness on the growth and yield of rice crops in the next stage of the study
Co-Authors , Kisman , Rusdiansyah , Suwarno , Syafruddin . Giyanto . SUWARNO A. Hairmansis A. Hairmansis Abraham Talahaturuson, Abraham ADEEL ABDUL KARIM ALTUHAISH Agus Zainudin AHMAD JUNAEDI Aksarah Pas, Aris Amin Nur ANGELITA PUJI LESTARI Angelita Puji Lestari Anna Juliarti Anwar Anwar - Anwar Anwar Arfriani Maifizar Ari Fiki Aris Hairmansis Arvita Netti Sihaloho, Arvita Netti Asep Supriyanto Azis Rifianto Azrai, Muh. Azrai, Muh. Bambang S. Purwoko Bambang S. Purwoko Bambang Sapta Purwoko Basri Carolina Evelyn Casiana V. Cruz Cut Nurul Fahmi Cut Nya Dhin Cut Nya’dhin Cut Tia Mardi Danner Sagala Dasumiati Desta Wirnas Dewi Andriani Diana Sofia Hanafiah Didy Sopandie DWI ANDREAS SANTOSA Dwi Astuti Edi Santosa Edi Santosa Efendi, Darda Ekasari Putri, Nurwanita Eny Widajati Faqih Udin Fuady Giyanto Giyanto Godlif Sianipar Gunawan Gunawan HAJRIAL ASWIDINNOOR Halimatus Syahdia Hasibuan Herdhani, Mira Heri Junaedi Homma, and Koki Human, dan Soeranto Ilyas Ilyas Imam Widodo Indra Gunawan Irdika Mansur Irdika Mansur Iskandar Lubis Isnaini Isnaini Iswari S. Dewi Iswari Saraswati Dewi Jaisyurahman, Usamah Jenuri Karlin Agustina Kartika Ning Tyas Khairul Aswadi Khairunnisa Lubis Kikin H Mutaqin Kikin H. Mutaqien Koki Homma Kristianto Nugroho KRISTIANTO NUGROHO, KRISTIANTO Kurniawan R. Trijatmiko La Muhuria Latifa Dinar Rahmani Hakim Leiwakabessy, Christoffol Lestari, Puji Limbongan, Yusuf La’lang Loso Judijanto Lubis, Khairunnisa M A Chozin M. Chalis M. Ikhsan Mahpuzah, Marfiatun Maksalmina Maksalmina Mardhiyyah, Rodhiyatan Mariati MR Maryono, Marina Yuniawati Masdiar Bustamam Mayang Sari Mayasari Yamin, Mayasari Meity Suradji Sinaga Meity Suradji Sinaga Meliala, Merry Gloria Memen Surahman Miftahudin . Momongan, Jorex Daniel Mudinillah, Adam Muhamad Saleh Muhamad Syukur Muhammad Arif Nasution Muhammad Arif Yudiarto Muhammad Junaidi Muhammad Syukur Mujiburrahman Mujiburrahman Munarti Munif Ghulamahdi Muttaqin, Kikin Hamzah Nasruddin Nasruddin Neni Rohaeni Ni Made Armini Wiendi Nirwani Jumala Nirwani Jumala Nora Fitria Nugroho, Kristianto Nur, Amin Nur, Amin Nurheni Wijayanto Nurul Khumaida Nurya Yuniyati Peni Lestari Permana, Fithri Angelia Pratama, Muhammad Antony Jefri Puji Lestari PUJI LESTARI Putri Andini Mandasari RAGAPADMI PURNAMANINGSIH Rahmah Johar Rani Rahmayanti Ratna Mutia Rini Hermanasari Rini Hermanasari Rini, Erin Puspita Roedhy Poerwanto RUBIYO RUBIYO RUBIYO, RUBIYO Ryandi Ferdiannur Usman S. Human S. Human Saniaty, Arina Saragih, Ery Leonardo Satya Nugroho Shiraiwa, Tatsuhiko Sihono Sihono Sinaga, Parlin H. Sintho Wahyuning Ardie Siregar, Valdi Muhamad Rafiansyah Siti Marwiyah Sobir Sobir Soeranto Human Soeranto Human Soeranto, Soeranto SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT Sri Suhesti Sriani Sujiprihati Subagio, Herman SUDARSONO SUDARSONO SUDARSONO, SUDARSONO Sudirman Yahya Sudirman Yahya Sudirman Yahya - Sugiono Moeljopawiro Sumiati, dan Sungkono Sungkono Sungkono Sungkono Supijatno Surjono H. Sudjahjo Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo Suryo Wiyono Sustiprajitno, Sustiprajitno Suwarno Suwarno Suwarno Suwarno Suwarno Suwarno Syamsiar, Syamsiar Syarifah Iis Aisyah Tata Suryana , Aep Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa TRI JOKO SANTOSO Tri Lestari Tuti Rahmi Untung Susanto Usamah Jaisyurahman Usman Effendi Utut Widyastuti W. Puspitasari WAGE RATNA ROHAENI Wage Ratna Rohaeni Wage Ratna Rohaeni Wahyu Widiyono Wening Enggarini Wibawa, Rentang Fajar Cakra Widowati, Sartika Wijaya Murti Indriatama Wijaya Murti Indriatama Willy Bayuardi Suwarno Yudiwanti Wahyu E. Kusumo Yusuf L. Limbongan Zainuddin Zainuddin