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EXPLORING THE LEGAL DIMENSION OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION: A POLICY ANALYSIS OF PATIENT DATA PRIVACY AND MEDICAL RIGHTS PROTECTION IN THE AGE OF DIGITALISATION Andreas Harry; Gunawan Widjaja
Jurnal Komunikasi Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Komunikasi
Publisher : ADISAM PUBLISHER

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Abstract

Digitalisation in the healthcare sector is bringing about a major transformation in the way healthcare communication is conducted, especially regarding the management of patient data and the protection of medical rights. This study uses the literature method. The research findings found that current legal regulations are still not fully responsive to the rapid development of technology, so a more comprehensive policy update is needed. Emphasis is placed on the need for harmonisation between health technology innovation and ethical and legal principles to maintain the security of medical information. This article offers solutions to improve legal protection in health communication, with the aim of creating a digital health system that is safe, reliable, and effective for the community
ETHICAL AND LEGAL DILEMMAS IN HEALTH INFORMATION DELIVERY: A STUDY ON TRANSPARENCY, MISINFORMATION, AND LEGAL LIABILITY ON DIGITAL PLATFORMS Handojo Dhanudibroto; Gunawan Widjaja
Jurnal Komunikasi Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Komunikasi
Publisher : ADISAM PUBLISHER

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Abstract

This study explores the ethical and legal dilemmas in the delivery of health information on digital platforms, focusing on three main aspects: transparency, misinformation, and legal liability. In the digital age, quick and easy access to health information should help people make better decisions. However, a lack of transparency and the spread of misinformation can be detrimental to public health. This study emphasises the importance of transparency in information delivery to build public trust, while identifying misinformation as a serious threat to public health. The study also discusses the legal responsibility that information providers and digital platforms have to ensure the information provided is valid, accurate and based on scientific evidence. With a combination of strict regulations and strict law enforcement, it is hoped that a safer and more reliable information environment can be created for the public
HEALTH COMMUNICATION LAW IN THE PANDEMIC CRISIS: AN EXAMINATION OF PUBLIC INFORMATION POLICY, GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROTECTION OF PUBLIC RIGHTS Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat; Andreas Harry; Gunawan Widjaja
Jurnal Komunikasi Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): Jurnal Komunikasi
Publisher : ADISAM PUBLISHER

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Abstract

This research discusses health communication law within the framework of the pandemic crisis with a focus on public information policy, government accountability, and implications for the protection of public rights. Transparent and accurate communication is a key element in delivering health information to the public to prevent misinformation and increase public awareness of pandemic mitigation measures. Government accountability in managing health communication policies also plays a major role in building public trust and ensuring effective policy implementation. In addition, this study highlights the importance of protecting people's rights, especially access to correct information and guaranteeing individual privacy, especially regarding health data. This study emphasises that health communication law should be a strategic instrument to balance crisis management with the protection of human rights and public communication ethics
A LEGAL PORTRAIT OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION: RESPONSIBLE HEALTH INFORMATION DELIVERY, PATIENT PROTECTION, AND THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN PUBLIC EDUCATION Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat; Andreas Harry; Gunawan Widjaja
Jurnal Komunikasi Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): Jurnal Komunikasi
Publisher : ADISAM PUBLISHER

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Abstract

The legal portrait of health communication is an important study that highlights aspects of responsible health information delivery, protection of patient rights, and the role of the media in public education. The delivery of health information must be based on strict ethical and legal standards, so that the public gets accurate and reliable data. In addition, the law also serves to protect patients by ensuring the confidentiality of health information and guaranteeing correct and transparent information. The media, as the main means of information dissemination in the digital era, plays a crucial role in improving public health literacy and preventing the spread of hoaxes that can be misleading. With a synergistic interaction between information providers, legal regulations, and the media, effective health communication can be achieved, benefiting the welfare of society at large
BIOETIKA DALAM KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT Gunawan Widjaja
Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 3 No. 12 (2026): Jurnal Kesehatan (JK)
Publisher : CV. Adiba Aisha Amira

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20253990

Abstract

Bioethics in public health provides a normative framework that guides health policies, programmes and practices to ensure they are not only technically effective, but also fair, humane and respectful of the rights and dignity of individuals and communities. The application of bioethical principles—autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice—demonstrates that public health interventions must balance collective interests with respect for the freedom and justice of every member of society. In the Indonesian context, these ethical dimensions are particularly important given the expansion of health programmes, the digitisation of data, and the emergence of issues such as pandemics and socio-economic inequalities. This literature review examines the concepts and principles of bioethics in public health, as well as their implementation in public health policies, programmes, and practices, including the challenges and recommendations for improvement. The findings highlight the need to strengthen regulations, ethics committees, bioethics education, and community participation to ensure that health development proceeds in an ethical, transparent, and equitable manner.
PERAN DAN FUNGSI KOMITE ETIK DI RUMAH SAKIT Gunawan Widjaja
Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 3 No. 12 (2026): Jurnal Kesehatan (JK)
Publisher : CV. Adiba Aisha Amira

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20254028

Abstract

This article analyses the role and functions of the Hospital Ethics Committee (KERS) as a key pillar of ethical governance in Indonesia’s healthcare system, based on Ministry of Health Regulation No. 42 of 2018, the KODERSI PERSI code of ethics, and national and international journals and books. The role of the KERS is holistic, encompassing that of an educator through bioethics training, a consultant on clinical dilemmas, a monitor of code of conduct compliance, a mediator in disputes, and a policymaker for end-of-life guidelines, whilst its main functions include the management of ethical data, the dissemination of guidelines, the prevention of violations, monitoring and evaluation, and the recommendation of restorative sanctions to the director. The study revealed challenges such as limited independence and human resource constraints; however, KERS’s contributions have been shown to improve service quality, reduce patient complaints, and support KARS accreditation through a preventive-educational approach. Practical implications: hospitals need to strengthen the KERS structure through regular training and digitalisation to ensure a sustainable, humanistic healthcare system.
ASPEK HUKUM BERKEADILAN DALAM PELAYANAN KESEHATAN SECARA BERJENJANG DENGAN PEMBIAYAAN BPJS Gunawan Widjaja
Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 3 No. 12 (2026): Jurnal Kesehatan (JK)
Publisher : CV. Adiba Aisha Amira

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20254068

Abstract

This study examines the aspect of equitable justice in the tiered health care services provided by BPJS from a normative legal perspective through a comprehensive literature review. The main findings indicate that the strong constitutional foundation (1945 Constitution, Articles 28H and 34; SJSN Law No. 40 of 2004; BPJS Law No. 24 of 2011; Ministry of Health Regulation No. 16/2024) is undermined by discriminatory practices in Class 3 facilities, delays in emergency referrals, a ban on self-referrals, disparities in rural primary health care facilities (FKTP), and weak sanctions against partner hospitals. JKN financing via premiums from the PBI-APBN segment, salary-based PPU, fixed PBPU, and cross-subsidy mutual aid faces a deficit of Rp30 trillion (2026) due to a 111% claim ratio, moral hazard, and fraud, leading to delayed hospital claims and a decline in service quality for the poor. The study recommends strict regulatory oversight, real-time digital referral systems, progressive premiums, anti-fraud capitation, and benchmarking Thailand’s UCS for a Rawlsian-style inclusive JKN that provides protection.
PERAN KOLEGIUM BERDASARKAN UU NO.17 TAHUN 2023 Gunawan Widjaja
Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 3 No. 12 (2026): Jurnal Kesehatan (JK)
Publisher : CV. Adiba Aisha Amira

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20254105

Abstract

Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health revolutionises the management of the Indonesian health professions through the introduction of the College as an independent body of health science experts and an auxiliary body of the Council (Article 1(106), Article 272), aiming to improve the quality of medical and health personnel through competency standards, training curricula, and the development of evidence-based branches of science. This normative literature review analyses two main topics: first, the legal status of the College as a semi-autonomous entity under the President, distinct from conventional professional organisations, supported by Constitutional Court Decision No. 111/PUU-XXII/2024 and the Supreme Court; secondly, the implications and dynamics of its implementation, including transitional controversies, synergy with the Indonesian Health Council, and challenges posed by secondary regulations such as Ministry of Health Regulation No. 12 of 2024. The findings confirm that the College strengthens good governance in health through scientific independence, although harmonisation of regulations is required for optimal implementation to support national resilience and equitable service delivery.
DIGITAL ECONOMY REGULATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON CONSUMER PROTECTION, PLATFORM TAXATION, AND LEGAL CERTAINTY IN CRYPTO TRANSACTIONS Gunawan Widjaja
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS Vol. 2 No. 11 (2026): INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS (IJEFE)
Publisher : CV. Adiba Aisha Amira

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20199383

Abstract

The digital economy is growing rapidly in developing countries but faces complex regulatory challenges across three key pillars: consumer protection, taxation of digital platforms, and legal certainty regarding crypto transactions. This study employs a literature review methodology. The findings indicate that only a few countries have specific consumer protection regulations for digital financial services, Indonesia’s digital economy tax revenue reached Rp31.05 trillion by November 2024, and legal uncertainty surrounding crypto creates a high-risk environment for retail investors. In conclusion, developing countries require a holistic approach that updates consumer protection laws for digital transactions, establishes online dispute resolution (ODR) mechanisms, integrates technology into tax systems, enhances consumer digital literacy, and facilitates regional regulatory harmonisation within ASEAN as well as the OECD’s global digital tax framework. Indonesia emerges as a progressive case study with regulatory reforms treating crypto as an investment commodity and a tax rate increased to 0.21%, yet cross-border implementation challenges and weak digital literacy remain major obstacles to the sustainability of an inclusive and secure digital economy.
FROM POLICY TO PRACTICE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF INDONESIA’S DIGITAL ECONOMY REGULATIONS FOLLOWING THE PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT AND THE ELECTRONIC INFORMATION AND TRANSACTIONS ACT Gunawan Widjaja
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS Vol. 2 No. 11 (2026): INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS (IJEFE)
Publisher : CV. Adiba Aisha Amira

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20199401

Abstract

Indonesia’s digital economy has undergone an accelerated transformation following the enactment of Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection (PDP Law) and the amendment of Law No. 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE Law) via Law No. 1 of 2024. This systematic review analyses the transformation of normative policies and the realities of regulatory implementation using a literature review method. Key findings highlight progressive regulatory synergy that is, however, hampered by a policy-practice gap, low compliance among businesses (35%), weak institutional coordination within the Personal Data Protection Commission (KPDP), and adaptation costs that burden SMEs. The Tokopedia-Akulaku data breach case study illustrates enforcement challenges, whilst private initiatives such as ‘Privacy by Design’ demonstrate the potential for collaboration. This article recommends accelerating the establishment of the Personal Data Protection Agency (KPDP), harmonising implementing regulations, conducting national digital literacy training, and adopting a multi-stakeholder model to bridge the regulatory-practice gap, thereby supporting the target of the digital economy contributing 25% of GDP by 2029.
Co-Authors Aat Ruchiat Nugraha Abadi, Songga Aurora Abd. Basir Abdul Samad Arief Abdul Wahab Syakhrani Abdur Rahman Achmad Fazrin Adi Rumanto Waruwu Adrian Bima Putra Adrian Bima Putra Advitama, Dave Affandi Affandi Agus Supriyanto Agus Supriyanto Agustinus Nugroho Jati Aisyah, Shyavara Alam Anbari Anastasia Prestika Andina Rahmayani Andreani Dewanto Andreas Harry Andreas Harry Anggia Az Zahra Anindita Widyapradnya Annas Tasya N.A Annas Tasya N.A, Annisa Rachmawati, Dsk Putu Ayu L.A, Khaerunnisa Ade P., Muhammad Fachri, Pradita Ajeng S.A Annisa Purwo Hastuti Annisa Rachmawati Ari Rahmat Elsad Arif Rahman Baihaqi Arman Harahap Asep Saepullah Aslan Aslan Aslan Aslan Aswan Athalia Christine L Ayu Miya Maryani B.M.A.S. Anaconda Bangkara Bintan R. Saragih Brian Matthew Budi Suranto Bangun Cecep Suhardiman Cecep Suhardiman Cecep Suhardiman Cesarianti, Fransiska Milenia Chairunnissa Chairunnissa Christiawan, Rio Christina Herawati G Damun, Damun Danang Rahmat Surono Dave Advitama Delia Bazlina Deny Wicaksono, Deny Dhanudibroto, Handojo Dheas Syahreza Muslim Diana ., Diana Diana Laila Ramatillah Dimas Tripraditiya Dipo Pramudito Dipo Pramudito Dsk Putu Ayu L.A Dumilah Ayuningtyas Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Ekasari, Silvia Ekha Sri Sugiarti Elisabeth Purnama Massang Enna Budiman Enna Budiman Ersita Yustanti, Dyah Fachrurazi Farika Nikmah Farrel Abiyu Ramadhana Fitra Sri Rahayu Grace Riana H. Deni Salahuddin Hadenan Towpek Hadenan Towpek Halim , Adriansyah Handojo Dhanudibroto Handojo Dhanudibroto Handojo Dhanudibroto Handojo Dhanudibroto Hansel Kalama Hardijan Rusli, Hardijan Harry, Andreas Hatta, Ignatius Bambang Sukarno Hendra . Hendrawan Hendrawan Hendriarto, Prasetyono Heri Kustanto Hernita Hernita Hernita Hotma P. Sibuea Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Ita Nurcholifah Iyad Abdallah Al- Shreifeen Iyad Abdallah Al-Shreifeen Jahidin Kuswanto Januar Agung Saputera Jessica Francis Gunawan Jestin Justian Juliana, Juliana Junior B. Gregorius Karunia Ilham Karim Kevin Neil McVey Khaerunnisa Ade P. Khairul Nizam bin Zainal Badri Khalimi Khalimi Khalimi Lalu Syaifudin Lidya Cristy S Loso Judijanto M Reydhi Suwanda M Ruswan Talaohu M. Hafiz Aini M. Zahari Mahmudin, Tono Mailinda, Nur Martedjo, Wagiman Martin Maurer M.Marpaung Megasari Sijabat, Fittry Mellisa Efiyanti Mellisa Efiyanti Melyana Melyana Mervyn Mervyn Michael Matthew Michelle Angelika S Mika Anabelle Miya Maryani, Ayu Moch. Isra Hajiri Mochammad Roufal Moh. Imam Ishomuddin Zuhri Mohammad Ahmad Bani Amer Monica Monica Mowafg Masuwd Muhammad Anas Ma`arif Muhammad Fachri Muhammad Ikhwan Muhammad Ikhwan Muhammad Nagieb Muhammad Naufal Arifiyanto Muhammad Rayyan Firdaus Muthia Rachman Nadila Citra Aprilia Naiborhu, Mesa Indra Ni Nyoman Ari Triantari Nini Putri Wijaya, Nini Putri Nofianty Helyo Novan Dzaky Pangestu Novi Puji Lestari Novi Rizky Ramadhani Novi Rizky Ramadhani Nugroho, Sudrajat Mukti Nur Ulfa Maulida Nurwita, Nurwita Oggy Satya Tambunan Olivia Pauline Hartanti Poetranto, Soeryo Pradita Ajeng S.A Puji Hastuti Rafa Zahirah Husein Rahadian Bayu Anggoro Rahardja, Tony Rahmat Nasution Raissa Arlyn Manikam Rajes Khana Ramdan Yusuf Renaldi Immanuel Panggabean Renaldi Immanuel Panggabean Retnaningtyas Insyira Retnaningtyas Insyira, Anggia Az Zahra, Nadila Citra Aprilia, Chairunnissa, Muhammad Rayyan Firdaus, Novan Dzaky Pangestu Reza Sutrianingtyas Rahayu Rianti Nurul Oktavia Rif'ah Rif'ah Rifa’at Hanifa Muslimah Rifa’at Hanifa Muslimah Rio Johan Putra Ririn Nurhidayanti Rizka Anindya Manjayani Rizky Yosa Adhi Prabowo Robby Sulivan, Robby Robert Iskandar Rumanto Waruwu, Adi Salmon Sihite Salsa Rizkya Samsuto, Samsuto Sanchita Bhattacharya Sanjaya, Aditya Santika Santika Sarah Ramadona Sardjana Orba Manullang Savira Lovianda Gunawan Sendi Sanjaya Sendi Sanjaya SH Septy Kusuma Septy Kusuma, Arif Rahman Baihaqi, M Ruswan Talaohu, Santika, Sarah Ramadona, Salsa Rizkya Setiawan, Lisno Shella Felicia Shohib MUSLIM Sihite, Salmon Silalahi, Yohanes B O Siti Hafifa Marlinda Putri Siti Nur Azizah Siti Rokayah Songga Aurora Abadi Songga Aurora Abadi Sri Sugiarti, Ekha Sudrajat, Maman Sukh Pawen Jit Kaur Sunnah, Sunnah Syavitri Ramadhani Sylvana, Yana Tahir, Usman Tamrin Tamrin Tanti Herawati Taufik Rahman Taupik Alpiyandi Theresia Vena Tiwi Siftiyani Rosidah Towpek, Hadenan Ummah, Iriaty Khairul Usman Tahir Viony Kresna Sumantri Vivin Caronia Wagiman WAGIMAN Wagiman Wagiman . Wagiman Wagiman WAHYUDI Wibowo Laksono Widodo Wibowo, Basuki Rekso Widjaja, Liza Wijaya, Hanna Wirawan, Vani Yana Sylvana Yohanes Firmansyah Yohanes Firmansyah Yohanes Firmansyah Yohanes Firmansyah Yohanes Firmansyah Yuli Supriani Yuri Anggi Yustinus Lambang Setyo Putro Yustinus Rurie Wirawan Yusuf, Ramdan Zainal Arifin