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Judge's Dilemma in Determining Bankruptcy Decisions: Dichotomy Between Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 3 of 2023 and Law 37 of 2004 Concerning Bankruptcy- PKPU M.O. Saut Hamonangan Turnip; Geofani Milthree Saragih; Evanto Pandora Manalu
Melayunesia Law Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Magister Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30652/j18mj114

Abstract

This study aims to examine the dilemma faced by judges in determining bankruptcy decisions, especially in the context of conflict between Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 3 of 2023 and Law 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy-PKPU. The research method used is a normative research method that focuses on analyzing laws and regulations, court decisions, and related legal documents. This approach allows researchers to understand and analyze relevant legal aspects to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the judge's dilemma in determining bankruptcy decisions. In the context of normative research, the researcher conducted an in-depth study of the conflict between Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 3 Year 2023 and Law 37 Year 2004 on Bankruptcy-PKPU. This research explores how judges face the challenge of applying different regulations and their potential impact on their decisions. The analysis is conducted with reference to applicable legal principles, legal interpretations, as well as relevant cases in court practice. The results of this study are expected to contribute to clarifying the framework of thought and legal solutions to the problem of judges' dilemma in the context of bankruptcy in Indonesia. In addition, this research can also serve as a basis for stakeholders, both legal practitioners and policy makers, to consider the necessary steps to minimize legal conflicts and improve consistency and fairness in handling bankruptcy cases.  
Asymmetric Regional Development as a Framework for Achieving Spatial and Regional Justice in Indonesia Indra, Mexsasai; Saragih, Geofani Milthree; Ismandianto, Ismandianto; Muthia, Arini Azka
Jambura Law Review VOLUME 8 NO. 1 JANUARY 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33756/jlr.v1i1.32047

Abstract

Indonesia continues to experience persistent territorial disparities as a result of the long-standing application of symmetric decentralization, under which uniform administrative standards are imposed on regions with fundamentally different structural capacities. This approach has contributed to chronic governance underperformance and spatial injustice. The resulting mismatch between regional heterogeneity and policy uniformity underscores the need for a conceptual reorientation grounded in normative theories of justice and constitutional principles. This article aims to develop a coherent framework for asymmetric regional development capable of addressing structural inequalities while remaining consistent with the constitutional architecture of the Unitary State. Using a normative legal research approach that combines statutory analysis with case studies of Aceh, Papua, and Yogyakarta, this study investigates how asymmetric arrangements can be operationalized as both legally legitimate and philosophically justified governance models.The article presents four key contributions: first, it reconceptualizes asymmetric regional development as an ethical and constitutional imperative, grounded in Rawlsian distributive justice, Sen’s capability approach, and contemporary spatial justice theory; second, it highlights the policy pitfalls of symmetric decentralization through a critical assessment of historical and empirical evidence, including failures in regions such as Malaka; third, it introduces the Regional Inclusion Feasibility Index (IKPD) as a juridical and technocratic innovation, providing objective, multidimensional criteria for regional expansion; and fourth, it situates Indonesia’s asymmetric model within global comparative practices, demonstrating its alignment with principles of proportional autonomy and contextual justice. Collectively, these contributions position asymmetric regional development as a viable pathway toward equitable and sustainable territorial governance in Indonesia.
Overcriminalization dalam Sistem Hukum Pidana Indonesia: Tantangan terhadap Prinsip Konstitusionalitas dan Ideologi Pancasila Saragih, Geofani Milthree; M.O.Saut Hamonangan Turnip; Ariska Cesar Divian Candra Kusuma; Ade Sathya Sanathana Ishwara
PUSKAPSI Law Review Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): PUSKAPSI Law Review
Publisher : PUSKAPSI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/puskapsi.v5i2.60001

Abstract

Fenomena overcriminalization dalam sistem hukum pidana Indonesia semakin menonjol seiring dengan berkembangnya regulasi yang cenderung menempatkan hukum pidana sebagai instrumen utama penyelesaian masalah sosial. Kondisi ini menimbulkan problematika serius karena melahirkan inflasi kriminalisasi, mempersempit ruang kebebasan individu, serta berpotensi bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip konstitusional yang dijamin dalam UUD 1945, terutama mengenai hak asasi manusia dan asas legalitas. Selain itu, penggunaan hukum pidana yang berlebihan kerap mengabaikan nilai-nilai dasar Pancasila sebagai ideologi bangsa yang menekankan keseimbangan antara keadilan, kemanusiaan, dan kemaslahatan sosial. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara kritis implikasi overcriminalization terhadap prinsip konstitusionalitas dan Pancasila, serta menawarkan alternatif pendekatan dalam perumusan kebijakan pidana yang lebih proporsional. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual, perundang-undangan, dan komparatif, melalui analisis literatur, doktrin hukum, serta putusan pengadilan relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa overcriminalization berpotensi mengikis jaminan konstitusional warga negara, melemahkan legitimasi hukum, dan bertentangan dengan semangat keadilan sosial yang menjadi pilar utama Pancasila. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pembatasan yang tegas dalam penggunaan instrumen pidana dengan mengedepankan prinsip ultimum remedium, rasionalisasi peraturan perundang-undangan, serta penguatan nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam kebijakan kriminal agar hukum pidana tetap selaras dengan cita hukum Indonesia.
Legal Pluralism and Indigenous Rights in Globalized Economies: Examining State Law Interactions with Local Community Justice Systems Retno Eko Mardani; Geofani Milthree Saragih; Muhammad Khairul Imam
Discourse Journal on Law and Society Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): May: Discourse on Law and Society
Publisher : International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70062/djls.v1i2.148

Abstract

Economic globalization has profoundly reshaped the legal and social structures of indigenous communities, often intensifying conflicts between state law and indigenous law. These conflicts stem from divergent legal norms and the marginalization of indigenous rights within national development agendas. This study investigates the interaction between state law and indigenous law, with particular attention to the impact of globalization and its implications for indigenous rights. Employing a qualitative socio-legal approach, the research utilizes a case study of a specific indigenous community, supported by interviews with indigenous leaders and policymakers, as well as analysis of national and international legal documents. The interpretative method highlights the meaning embedded in legal interactions and the lived experiences of indigenous communities. Findings reveal persistent tensions between state law and indigenous traditions, yet demonstrate that legal pluralism provides a constructive framework for reconciliation. Recognition of indigenous law contributes to social justice and underscores the need for inclusive development policies that promote economic fairness. The study concludes that national legal reforms are essential to strengthen the integration of indigenous law into formal structures, thereby advancing a more equitable and culturally responsive legal system.
Reconstructing Civil and Criminal Liability Frameworks in Digital Financial Fraud: Integrating Cyber Law, Evidence Systems, and Cross-Border Enforcement Mechanisms Sitta Saraya; Geofani Milthree Saragih; Nabila Afifah Salwa
Journal of Civil Criminal Law Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): December : International Journal of Civil Criminal Law
Publisher : International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70062/jccl.v1i3.143

Abstract

Background: The rapid development of financial technology and the increasing volume of cross-border transactions have led to the emergence of increasingly complex digital financial crimes, involving anonymous actors and exploiting regulatory gaps and jurisdictional differences. This condition poses serious challenges to legal systems, particularly in terms of digital evidence, the attribution of legal liability, and the effectiveness of cross-border law enforcement. Objective: This study aims to reconstruct the framework of civil and criminal liability in digital fraud cases to make it more adaptive, integrated, and responsive to technological developments. Method: The research employs a qualitative socio-legal approach, combining normative analysis of cybercrime regulations, case studies of international digital fraud, comparative analysis of legal systems across countries, and interviews with legal practitioners and fintech regulators. Results: The findings reveal significant legal gaps, regulatory fragmentation across jurisdictions, and weaknesses in electronic evidence systems that hinder effective law enforcement. Additionally, the complexity of actors and technologies within digital ecosystems complicates the accurate attribution of legal responsibility. Therefore, an integrated legal framework is required, incorporating both civil and criminal liability, international regulatory harmonization, and the utilization of technology to enhance law enforcement effectiveness.
Analisis Terhadap Penyebab Terjadinya Kebanjiran Di Kota Medan Akibat Pencemaran Lingkungan Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 Fahrizal S.Siagian; Geofani Milthree Saragih; David Chrisna Pangihutan; Frans Maruli Silaban; Gamal Abdul Nasser; Muhammad Hanafie Arrasyid
Jurnal Hukum dan Sosial Politik Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): Agustus: Jurnal Hukum dan Sosial Politik
Publisher : International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/jhsp-widyakarya.v2i3.3446

Abstract

This research analyzes the causes of flooding in Medan City due to environmental pollution, with the perspective of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management (UU-PPLH). Medan City is one of the flood-prone areas in North Sumatra, which experiences flooding almost every year. Factors that cause flooding include poor city drainage systems and environmental pollution due to careless dumping of rubbish. Law Number 32 of 2009 regulates environmental management and protection, but its implementation is not yet optimal. The research method used is normative legal research with a document study and field observation approach. The research results show that public awareness of the importance of waste management and environmental preservation is still low, which contributes to flooding. There is a need to increase supervision and law enforcement as well as educate the public to reduce the risk of flooding in the future.
Constitutionalizing Emergency Powers: Balancing National Security and the Rule of Law in International Law Wirawan, A. Rahmat; Chandra, M. Jeffri Arlinandes; Saragih, Geofani Milthree; Mahdi, Umar; Ishwara, Ade Sathya Sanathana; Wirawan
Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law Vol 7 No 3 (2026): Oktober (In Progress)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/up.v7i3.55864

Abstract

Background: The expansion of emergency powers in response to national security threats has intensified constitutional debates over the permissible limits of executive authority under international law. Despite the recognition of emergency derogations in international human rights instruments, significant legal tensions remain regarding the extent to which states may restrict constitutional rights while maintaining compliance with international legal obligations. Objectives: This study examines how constitutional limitations on emergency powers interact with international legal standards and asks whether the relationship between domestic emergency governance and international human rights law creates legal inconsistencies in protecting constitutionalism during states of emergency. Methodology: This research employs normative juridical methods using statutory, conceptual, comparative, and international law approaches. Primary legal materials include constitutional provisions, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), judicial decisions, and relevant international legal instruments, which are analyzed through descriptive-analytical techniques. Findings: The study finds that the principal legal tension arises from the inconsistent interpretation of emergency derogation provisions under Article 4 of the ICCPR by domestic constitutional courts. While international law permits temporary limitations on certain rights during genuine emergencies, several domestic legal systems have expanded executive discretion beyond the requirements of legality, necessity, proportionality, and temporariness. This divergence has contributed to the normalization of exceptional governmental powers, weakening constitutional oversight and creating a legal gap between international human rights obligations and domestic emergency governance. Originality/Novelty: This study develops an integrated constitutional-international law framework by identifying the legal friction between ICCPR emergency derogation standards and domestic constitutional practices. It proposes a constitutional model that strengthens judicial oversight and reconciles national security imperatives with international rule-of-law principles to prevent the normalization of permanent emergency governance.
Co-Authors A. Haidar Muhammad Bagir Abdul Fitri Addinul Addinul Ade Dian Anggraini Ade Sathya Sanathana Ishwara Adriansyah Adriansyah Afriadi Hamid Afrijon, Emi Ahmad Firli Ahmad Khomeini Nasution Amelia, Risky Amirson Amirson Amrillazi Amrillazi Andhi Syamsul Andrei Rizqan Akmal Anggun Fitria Mayawi Annisa Berliani April Hidayat Ari Armanda Putra Ari Wirasto Arief Hariyadi Ariska Cesar Divian Candra Kusuma Aritonang, William Suryadi Ganda Tuah Arlenggo Guswandi Armen Armen Asa Kasela Aslim Junaidi Asmen Ridhol Atika Salwani Atma Kusuma Aulia Azriyani Awi Ruben Ayu Novita Sari Bambang Keristian Berson, Hendri Budi Budi Candra Herianto Sinaga Chairiah Chairiah Chandra, M. Jeffri Arlinandes Darwin Darwin David Chrisna Pangihutan Deki Wiranata Adha Deo Abdika Dessy Artina Desy Permata Karni Desye Shonarista Lumban Gaol Dewiwaty Dewiwaty Dian Pramana Putra Diana Octavia Situmeang Dini Noviarti Dion Welli Disman Jaya Sianturi DM, Mohd. Yusuf Dodi Haryono Donna Arliena Dwi Franata Tarigan Dwi Restianti Ningsih Edy Setyawan Ega Saputra Egy Wahyudi Eka N.A.M Sihombing, Eka N.A.M Elvina Elisabeth Uli Erja Napogos Evanto Pandora Manalu Fadhil Iqbal Sanjaya Fadly YD Fahima Ilmi Fahrizal S.Siagian Fajri Akbar Fanny Fanny Fatma Khairul Fatmawati, Fatmawati Fauza Rahma Mauli Fauzan Ghafur Felix Rhenaldy Marpaung Ferdinand Ferdinand Fhauzan Ramon Fhlorida Agustina Simanjuntak Fiqih Panji Ramadhan Firdaus Firdaus Firman Firman Firouzfar, Saied Franky Franky Frans Maruli Silaban Fuad Aprima Gabriel Francius Silaen Gamal Abdul Nasser Gandi Gandi Ginting, Nabila Marsiadetama Givan Rahmat Nuari Gurning, Rijen Gusliana HB H. Sunardi Handoko, Tito Hanifal Yunis Hari Mustafa Hariyana Tsai Harvej Jansen Sipahutar Hasgar A.S., A. Muhammad Helen Helen Hendra Gunawan Hendrik Hendrik Hendy Wismar Hengki Hengki Herdiansyah Hasibuan Herman Jaya Hulu Hidayat, Freddy Hilman, Anton Husnan Husnan Indana Zulfah Intan Doloksaribu Ira Setianari Irwan Abdurachman Irwan Adi Ishwara , Ade Sathya Sanathana Ishwara, Ade Sathya Sanathana Ismandianto Itoni Itoni Ivory, Jared Jeffrianto Napitupulu Jefri Tarigan Jihan Faiza Ramadhani Johannes P. Sipayung Joko Dwi Mulyono Jon Hendri Juhanda Harnas Junesti, Nadia Juni Kasmira Kalontari Suci Kartika Septiani Khairunisak Warianti Kristian Lumbang Tobing L., Rainly Lassarus Sinaga Ledy Diana Lia Martilova Lilia Sarifatamin Damanik Lina Lina M. Fadhli M. Irvan Ramadan M. Irvan Ramadhan M.O. Saut Hamonangan Turnip M.O.Saut Hamonangan Turnip Mahdi, Umar Mahendra Mahendra Mangaratua Samosir Mardiansyah Kusuma Marlisa Rahmayani Hasibuan Maya Refina Rosa Maysarah Maysarah Mega Orceka Depera Senja Belantara Mexsasai Indra Mike Trisnawati Mirza Nasution Misdar Syaril Mochammad Imron Awalludin Mohamad Hidayat Muhtar Mohd. Yusuf Daeng M Mohd. Yusuf DM Mohd. Yusuf DM Mohd. Yusuf DM Mory Johanes Sinaga Muhammad Agung Swasno Muhammad Fadli i’lmi Muhammad Hanafie Arrasyid Muhammad Hatta R Muhammad Irsyad Muhammad Khairul Imam Muhammad Yusuf Daeng Murni Kurniyanti Siregar Musmulyadi Musmulyadi Muthia, Arini Azka Mutia Ayu Lestari Nabila Afifah Salwa Nanda Nanda Nasri Linra Nasution, Junisyah Nasution, Mirza Nathania Martinesia Purba Nelda Ningsih Nely Nely Nova Diana Putri Nugroho, Aziz Widhi Nur Adilah Yasmin Nurul Anissa Pangaribuan, Roland Latarsa Pasaribu, Davin Hansel Patrison Patrison Putra Utama, Andi Wahyu Putra, Rengga Kusuma Putri Liana R. Abdullah Rahmad Supeno Rahmat Hidayat Raja Abdullah Ratna Astri Andhini Raudo Perdana Razak, Askari Rehulina Manita Renaldy Yudhista Indrasari Reni Astuti Reno Sari Retno Eko Mardani Rifles Bagariang Rijen Gurning Rikardo Marpaung Rinaldi Rinaldi Rindyani Mariana Rivera, Kevin M. Rizky Pratama Algiffari Robi Mardiko Robin Eduar Roni Maka Suci Rony, Zahara Tussoleha Roza Rita S. Rani Saadah Kurniawati Sabari Yanto Said Tabrani Salahuddin Salahuddin Samsari AS Samson Hasonangan Sitorus Sanathana Ishwara, Ade Sathya Santa Delima Hutabarat Sapta Sapta Sarmalina Sarmalina Selamat Lumban Gaol Setiawan, Feri Shelfy Asmalindaa Sikumbang, Yudhia Perdana Silaban, Helen Mutiara Sitompul, Hasran Irawadi SITTA SARAYA Solhani Guntur Siregar Sri Dharmayanti Sri Heri Perwitasari Sri Winarsi Suaka, Mardhatillah Suci Haryanti Sugianto Sugianto Suhadi Suhadi Suherman, Jajang Sukrizal Sukrizal Sukrizal, Sukrizal Sulastri Sulastri Sulthon Sekar Jagat Sunanda Naibaho Surya Prakasa Sustiyanto Sustiyanto Suyanti Suyanti Tanto Lailam Tarmudi Tarmudi, Tarmudi Tengku Raisya Lopi Tiraputri, Adi Toni Panas Lawolo Tony Irawan Tony Prawira Tri Endang Kumala Tunggul Sihotang Wahyudi Wahyudi Wardioso, Abdau Wasiska, Asti Widagdo, Gatot Subroto Widiarso Widiarso Wiliam Louis William Alfred Wirawan Wirawan, A. Rahmat Yasmirah Mandasari Saragih Yati Sharfina Desiandri Yoga Marananda Yoga Triwanda Yudha Kezia Putra Purba Yudhia Perdana Sikumbang Yusuf DM, Mohd. Zainul Akmal Zean Via Aulia Hakim Zul Aida ZULFAH, INDANA Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulwisman, Zulwisman