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All Journal Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences The Journal of Experimental Life Sciences (JELS) Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies Jurnal Kelautan : Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and Technology Biotropika Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science) Journal of Innovation and Applied Technology Research Journal of Life Science Jurnal Pembangunan dan Alam Lestari Jurnal Ternak Tropika Journal of Development Research Animal Production : Indonesian Journal of Animal Production Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) JURNAL ILMIAH PETERNAKAN TERPADU AGROMIX Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Sciences) Jurnal Peternakan Nusantara Abdimas Umtas : Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx Journal) Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Asia Buletin Peternakan Tropis (Bulletin of Tropical Animal Science) Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan Chalaza Journal of Animal Husbandry Journal of Livestock and Animal Health (JLAH) Journal of Fisheries & Marine Animal Production Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research

Gatot Ciptadi

Department Of Livestock Production, Faculty Of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Brawijaya

Author-ID : 2845890

Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Physics Social Sciences Transportation Veterinary Other

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STUDI KASUS TINGKAT PEMOTONGAN DOMBA BERDASARKAN JENIS KELAMIN, KELOMPOK UMUR DAN BOBOT KARKAS DI TEMPAT PEMOTONGAN HEWAN WILAYAH MALANG Syafrizal Muhammad; Gatot Ciptadi; Agus Budiarto
TERNAK TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Animal Production Vol 18, No 1 (2017): TERNAK TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Animal Production (JTAPRO)
Publisher : Jurusan Produksi Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Brawijaya

This research was conducted in private Slaughterhouses located in Ngunutsari Village on November 10th to December 10th, 2016. The purpose of this research is to know the level of the slaughtered sheep in the Malang. The sample used equals 105 sheep from of age less 1 to 4 years consisting of 12 rams and 93 ewes. The method used in this research is a case study. Research location was obtained by purposive sampling. Animals used in the research was selected by total sampling. Data observed was presented in average value and standard deviation for being descriptive analysis. Results showed that the level of sheep slaughtered in the age less than 1 year reached 31.43%, therefore the slaughtered of rams as much 1.9% and ewes 29.52% of the total slaughter. The level of ewe slaughtered has increased each week from 1st week 17.14%, 2nd week 16.2%, 3rd week 26.67%, and 4th week 28.57% in comparison with the Rams. The average of ram carcass weight from of age less 1 to 4 years in a row is 8.95 ± 0.07, 9.8 ± 2.68, 8.45 ± 0.63, 12.05 ± 3.6, and 20.64 ± 5.43 ± with level 10.66 ± 2.34 kg, whereas in the ewe is 6.99 ± 1.19, 7.26 ± 1.12, 8.21 ± 1.2, 12.01 ± 1.93, and 11.38 ± 3.29 with level 9.17 ± 2.35 kg. It was concluded that the level of slaughter reach 88.57% of ewe whiles the ram reach 11.43%. The level slaughter of sheep from of age less than 1 year reach 31.43% consists of the ram reach 1.9% and ewe reaches 29.52% of the total slaughter. Percentage of carcass of the sheep of age less than 1 year to 4 year in successive is 49,91%, 46,92%, 40,49%, 39,73%, 41,72% on Rams and 46,40%, 40,63%, 42,75%, 46,40%, 46,99% on Ewe..Keywords: Level Slaughter, Sheep, Slaughterhouse

Identifikasi Karakteristik Sapi Betina Madura Tipe Taccek Doni Herviyanto; Kuswati Kuswati; Gatot Ciptadi
TERNAK TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Animal Production Vol 21, No 2 (2020): TERNAK TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Animal Production
Publisher : Jurusan Produksi Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtapro.2020.021.02.1

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik sapi Madura betina tipe taccek berbagai umur. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah sumber bibit sapi Madura yang berada di Kecamatan Pasean dan Kecamatan Batumarmar, Kabupaten Pamekasan, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Penelitian dimulai tanggal 1 Desember sampai 30 Desember 2019. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah sapi Madura betina tipe taccek berbagai umur berdasarkan PI (Permanent incicivi) sebanyak 110 ekor dengan rincian PI0 22 ekor, PI2 10 ekor, PI4 25 ekor, PI6 19 ekor dan PI8 34 ekor. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei di lapangan dengan pengambilan datasecara purposive sampling. Data statistik vitaldihitung nilai rataan dan standar deviasinya, selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan ANOVA satu arah (one way anova) dan dilanjutkan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) untuk membedakan 2 rataan. Data fenotip dianalisis secara deskriptif dan diamati proporsi fenotipnya. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa seiring bertambahnya umur sapi taccek maka panjang kepala, lebar kepala, bobot badan, panjang badan dan lingkar dada ukuranya bertambah. Ukuran tinggi gumba dan tinggi pinggul juga bertambah mulai PI0, PI2, PI4, sampaiPI6,namun mengalami penurunan pada PI8. Sapi taccek memiliki ciri fenotip yang spesifik yaitu bentuk mata sipit dengan garis lingkar mata hitam, bentuk telinga kecil, tanduk melengkung ke atas, berpunuk, mempunyai gelambir dan rambut ekor berwarna hitam.

UJI KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA KAMBING BOER HASIL PEMBEKUAN MENGGUNAKAN MR. FROSTY ® PADA TINGKAT PENGENCERAN ANDROMED® BERBEDA Anis Mei Munazaroh; Sri Wahjuningsih; Gatot Ciptadi
TERNAK TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Animal Production Vol 14, No 2 (2013): Ternak Tropika
Publisher : Jurusan Produksi Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (276.142 KB)

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan pengencer Andromedpada level yang berbeda dengan menggunakan Mr. Frosty® selama proses pembekuan terhadapkualitas spermatozoa kambing Boer. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalahpercobaan atau eksperimental dengan jenis rancangan percobaan Rancangan Acak Lengkap(RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan masing-masing 10 kali ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalahspermatozoa kambing Boer diencerkan menggunakan Andromed dengan perbandingan 1:4 (P1),1:8 (P2), 1:12 (P3), dan 1:16 (P4). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan pengencerAndromed memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap viabilitas, motilitas danabnormalitas spermatozoa kambing Boer setelah pendinginan dan pembekuan. Nilai rataanviabilitas, motilitas dan abnormalitas spermatozoa terbaik pada perlakuan P1 baik padapendinginan dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar 88,67+4,16 %; 66,33+1,53, dan 4,67+0,57 %.Pada pembekuan nilai rataan viabilitas, motilitas dan abnormalitas spermatozoa kambing Boersebesar 61,6+8,6 %; 51+6,5 % dan 8,4+1,77 %. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini diperolehmotilitas, viabilitas dan abnormalitas terbaik pada tingkat pengenceran Andromed sebanyak 1:4(P1).Kata kunci: Kambing Boer, spermatozoa, pembekuan, pengencer andromed, Mr. Frosty®

STUDI SITOGENETIK TERNAK LOKAL UNTUK STANDARISASI KROMOSOM DAN DETEKSI ABNORMALITAS GENETIK TERNAK RUMINANSIA LOKAL Gatot Ciptadi; M, Nur Ihsan; V.M. Ani Nurgiartiningsih
TERNAK TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Animal Production Vol 13, No 1 (2012): Ternak Tropika
Publisher : Jurusan Produksi Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (123.352 KB)

Analisis kromosom ternak lokal di Indonesia sangat penting artinya karenamasih sangat terbatasnya data-data genetik dasar yang ada selama ini. Bagi ternak bibitanalisis kromosom perlu dilakukan untuk mendeteksi kemungkinan munculnya cacatgenetik yang heriditer. Hal ini perlu dicermati mengingat bahwa peluang pewarisankepada generasi berikutnya adalah sangat besar terkait jumlah anak keturunan yangbisa dihasilkan dari seekor pejantan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untukmenganalisis kromosom ternak ruminansia lokal di Indonesia yaitu sapi, kerbau dankambing. Pada ternak lokal Indonesia masih sangat terbatas dilakukan analisiskromosom, padahal sangat penting terutama bagi ternak bibit. Hasil penelitian ini dapatdigunakan sebagai bahan pertimbangan bagi strategi peningkatan kualitas genetikternak ruminansia lokal.Metode digunakan standart kariotyping menggunakan sampel darah (wholeblood/) dengan G banding. Kariotyping dilakukan dengan dasar standart yang sudahada. Preparasi kromosom menggunakan medium Karyo MAX (GIBCO/BRL),Colcemic Solution, Giemsa Stain dan Potasium chloride solution. Kultur sel dilakukanberdasarkan medode standar karyotyping mamalia. Minimal jumlah 5 buah spreadingMetafase II kromosom terbaik, dilakukan microfotografi dan kemudian dilakukananalisis kromosom dengan software cytovision image analysis, ditentukan normaltidaknya kromosom berdasarkan standart kariotyping.Hasil Penelitian ini tidak ditemukan ternak ruminansia dengan abnormalitasjumlah kromosom, sehingga bisa diartikan bahwa tidak ada beberapa abnormalitaskromosom karena genetik seperti translokasi roberston (2N=58) atau kelainan jumlahkromosom yang lain. Pada semua ternak yang diamati kromosomnya ditemukankromosom 2 N (sapi Madura 2 N = 60), kerbau (swamp buffalo, 2 N=50 ) danKambing (kambing PE dan kacang 2 N= 60) yang terdiri atas 58, 48 dan 58 autosomdan 2 seks kromosom. Analisis perlu ditingkatkan ketelitiannya menggunakan teknikFISH, immunofluorescent, cytovision image analysis dilengkapi soft ware yang sesuai.Ruminansia lokal Indonesia perlu dilakukan penyusunan standart kariotyping,khususnya pada ruminansia yang diproduksi sperma bekunya untuk keperluanimplementasi Inseminasi Buatan, sangat direkomendasikan untuk dilakukankariotyping sebagai jaminan normalitas genetik serta bebas cacat genetik heriditer.Kata Kunci: Kariotyping, Kromosom, Ruminansia, Abnormalitas Genetik.CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS FOR KARYOTYPE STANDARITATION ANDDETECTION OF GENETIC ABNORMALITY OF LOCAL RUMINANTABSTRACTOn the basis of the important of chromosome abnormalites and their negative effectin the near future, chromosomal investigation of breeding domestic animals and theirprogeny began in different countries. Chromosomal abnormality are usually consideredto be a plague and are to eliminate. In Indonesia, where Artificial Insemination (AI)implementation have started intensively, chromosomal aberration can be identified andculled from breeding program. This work has so far has been neglected in Indonesia.Method performed by collecting blood samples from ruminant (Madura, Buffaloand Goat) Sample of 0.5 ml of blood sample per animal was added to 5 mlchromosomal medium (Karyo MAX ^Gibco), placed in incubator at 38 oC. After 70hours, culture tube were removed from incubator, add to 1 ml working solution ofcolchicines and kept for 2 – 3 hours. The tubes were centrifuge at 1000 RPM for 10minute using PBS and supernatant was discarded, doing for 2 times respectively. Thepellet toghly packed cells added then by fixative solution. Slides were prepared bydropping the cell suspension on the glass slide and dried then stainned with Giemsastain for 10 minute. Slides were examined under high power phase-contrastmicroscope to study the chromosome spread in the single cells.Result showed that the 2N diploid number of chromosome or 3 ruminat werenormal (cattle 2N=60, Swamp buffalo 2N=50 Goat 2N=60), there were 58 autosomeand 2 sex chromosome in all animals observed. It was observed that all ruminanttested in these research were normal categories. The karyotype analysis showed thatthe chromosomes of one cell and different individual each breed varied in size, shapeand position of centromere. How ever, it was strongly recommended to performedchromosomal investigation of breeding ruminants especially for Artificial Inseminationbull purposes and others Indonesia local specific species using advanced sophisticatedtools of analysis like cytovision image analysis of fluorescent technique.Key Words: Karyotiping, Ruminant Chromosome, Abnormalities.

Genetic Parameters of Birth Weight, Litter Size in Crossbreeding of Boer and Indonesian Goat Rosidi Azis; Gatot Ciptadi; Suyadi Suyadi
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2020): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, July
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v2i3.1063

The study was conducted to analyze the genetic crossbreed of Boer and PE goats through the productivity of offspring by crossing based on birth weight and litter size. The material used is 65 goats from the Boer and PE goats consisting of males and females. Data analysis was estimated by calculating the probability of birth weight, litter size using the average and standard deviation based on Noor (1996) formula, then this data was analyzed using the t-test based on Steel and Torrie, (1991) to find out its significance. The results of crossing Boer and PE goats have a high productivity and proliferation rate with an average birth weight parity of male goats parity higher than female goats were 3,92±0,59 dan 3,87±0,90 (P<0,05). The results of the sex ratio of female goats were on average higher than males were 45.73% and 54.27%, respectively. The sex ratio of males is higher than females only in the third parity (64.29% and 35.71%). The average yield of litter size of mothers who gave birth single, twins, and triplets (25%, 50%, and 25%). The results generally indicate that the litter size of the mother goat gave birth to twins and triplets by 80% and only 20% single. The highest litter size was at the fourth parity and the second parity (2.14 ± 0.11 and 1.86 ± 0.07 tails). The crossing of Boer and PE goats in the fourth parity has a high prolific rate. Goats with a fourth parity that are born with twin birth types and high birth weight can potentially have good genetic and could be used as stock prospective livestock in the future. Analysis of genetic parameters based on birth weight and litter size in goat to be a basis for selection could be achieved.

Karakteristik dan Jenis Pengencer Semen Sapi Bali: Suatu Review: Bali Cattle Semen Characteristics and Diluent Types: A Review Angelina Novita Tethool; Gatot Ciptadi; Sri Wahjuningsih; Trinil Susilawati
Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Science) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Ve
Publisher : Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46549/jipvet.v12i1.214

Abstract Bali cattle are Indonesian native cattle that are preferred because they have adaptability and reproductive efficiency capabilities. The productivity of this cow can be increased using artificial insemination. The success of IB implementation is determined by the quality of the semen used. This article aims to provide an overview of the quality of fresh semen, after dilution and the types of diluents that have generally been used to maintain Bali cattle spermatozoa. The quality of fresh semen provides an overview of the condition of the semen after storage. Types of diluents that have been used are chemical diluents such as tris aminomethane, CEP, skim milk, andromed and natural diluents such as coconut water, carrot juice, guava filtrate, honey and tomato juice. Bali cattle semen stored in each diluent gives a different quality response depending on the diluent used. This diluent has a different response to semen qualities in cold and frozen storage. Keywords: Quality of semen; Diluent; Bali cattle; Spermatozoa Abstrak Sapi Bali merupakan sapi asli Indonesia yang disukai karena memiliki kemampuan adaptasi dan kemampuan efisiensi reproduksi. Produktivitas sapi ini dapat ditingkatkan menggunakan inseminasi buatan. Keberhasilan pelaksanaan IB ditentukan oleh kualitas semen yang digunakan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang kualitas semen segar, setelah pengenceran dan jenis pengencer yang umumnya telah digunakan untuk mempertahankan spermatozoa sapi Bali. Kualitas semen segar memberikan gambaran kondisi semen setelah penampungan. Jenis pengencer yang telah digunakan adalah pengencer dari bahan kimia seperti tris aminomethane, CEP, susu skim, andromed dan pengencer alternatif seperti air kelapa, sari wortel, filtrat jambu biji, madu dan sari buah tomat. Semen sapi Bali yang disimpan pada masing-masing pengencer memberikan respon kualitas yang berbeda-beda tergantung bahan pengencer yang digunakan. Secara umum pengencer yang digunakan mampu mempertahankan kualitas semen sapi Bali. Kata kunci: Kualitas semen; Pengencer; Sapi Bali; Spermatozoa

Bovine And Human Zona Pellucida 3 Gene Glycans Site Prediction Using In Silico Analysis Nurul Jadid Mubarakati; Aulanni'am Aulanni'am; Sutiman Bambang Sumitro; Gatot Ciptadi
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 4 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.04.03.08

Zona pellucida is one of the protective layer of the egg cell and has a function as an intermediary species-specific fertilization. Glycoproteins of human and bovine zona pellucida is composed of three types, namely ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3. ZP3 gene has amino acid sequence homology with other mammals. Oligosaccharides components of the zona pellucida glycans are composed from units of asparagine residues (N -linked) and serine/threonine (O -linked). The aims of this study was to analyze the DNA sequences of human and bovine and further predicts glycans site on amino acid sequence of human and bovine ZP3. In this study, ZP3 gene fragments have been isolated from bovine and humans were analyzed in Silico. This work were conducted by comparing the data of DNA sequence from human and bovine PCR product using NCBI BLAST. The results showed that there were similarities at amino acid positions number 23-38. bZP3 sequence had three glycans site (Asn-X-Thr/Ser) and one site on hZP3 glycans. One of the sites was conserved between the two species.

Study Motility of Ongole Crossbred Semen with Soybean-Based Diluents Stored at Ambient Temperature (24-27 0C) Dian Ratnawati; Gatot Ciptadi; sri rahayu; trinil susilawati
Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan Vol. 33 No. 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiip.2023.033.01.011

Artificial insemination with fresh semen is an alternative that can be done if there is a limitation of liquid nitrogen, bull, and facilities for processing liquid and frozen semen (costly). This study aimed to determine the optimal diluent formula based on CEP-3 (modified/m) and aqueous soybean extract (ASE) to support spermatozoa motility at ambient temperature storage. The research design was completely randomized, with eight treatments and six replications. The diluent formula treatments were as follows: T1 (CEP-3(m)), T2 (CEP-3(m)+10% Egg Yolk/EY), T3 (CEP-3(m)+ASE 1%), T4 (CEP-3 (m)+ASE 2%), T5 (CEP-3(m)+ASE 3%), T6 (CEP-3(m)+ASE 4%), T7 (CEP-3(m)+ASE 5%), and T8 (CEP-3(m)+ASE 6%). The parameters were measured, i.e., the motility of spermatozoa and its kinetic parameters. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with SPSS 16 program. The result showed that the progressive motility of spermatozoa at day one was more than 50% in diluents CEP-3(m)+ASE 1-2%. Diluent CEP-3(m) and aqueous soybean extract 1-2% can support spermatozoa's motility and kinetic parameters during storage at ambient temperature, including progressive motility, motility, motility, velocity, and BCF.

Rancang Bangun Rumah Pengering Kopi Hybrid Guna Meningkatkan Efektivitas Pengeringan Kopi Di Kecamatan Pinogu, Provinsi Gorontalo Bambang Susilo; Gatot Ciptadi; Kiki Fibrianto; Hendrix Yulis Setyawan; Aris Subagyo; Rizki Putra Samudra; Roy Ardy Colas Napitupulu
Journal of Innovation and Applied Technology Vol 9, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiat.2022.009.01.1

Kopi telah menjadi produk unggulan Kecamatan Pinogu dengan cita rasa yang khas dengan pengolahannya yang alami membuat kopi ini dikategorikan sebagai kopi organik sehingga memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi. Permasalahannya, proses pengeringan kopi dengan sinar matahari sering terkendala cuaca sehingga produk yang dihasilkan kurang maksimal. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikembangkan teknologi tepat guna berupa rumah pengering hybrid. Rancang bangun rumah pengering berbahan baja dan polikarbonat diharapkan dapat mempercepat waktu pengeringan. Hasilnya didapatkan efisiensi waktu pengeringan menjadi 5,6 kali lebih cepat daripada metode konvensional, dan juga dapat menghemat ruang, serta mampu mengeringkan kopi sebanyak 240 kg sekali proses. Selain itu, pengeringan menggunakan metode ini juga dapat mengurangi kontaminasi pada kopi, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas kopi.

ANALISIS KEMIRIPAN GENETIKA ANTARA KAMBING PERANAKAN ETTAWA HASIL KAWIN ALAM DENGAN INSEMINASI BUATAN BERDASARKAN RAPD Mudawamah M; I.D. Retnaningtyas; M.F. Wadjdi; Badriyah B; S. Susilowati; Aulanni’am A; Gatot Ciptadi
Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan Vol 8, No 2 (2014): September
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Analisis genetika menggunakan random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) untuk mengetahui kemiripan genetika antara kambing peranakan Ettawa (PE) hasil inseminasi buatan (IB) dan kawin alam (KA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 20 primer OPA hanya 10 primer yang bisa digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi fragmen deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) dalam kelompok kambing PE, yang terdiri atas 21 kambing hasil KA dan 19 kambing hasil IB. Berdasarkan profil DNA yang diperoleh dan hasil analisis dengan software numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system (NTSYS) disimpulkan bahwa hubungan genetika antara kambing PE hasil kawin alam dengan inseminasi buatan adalah sebesar 48% dan dikategorikan rendah.

Co-Authors A, Aulanniam Abdul Hakim Abdul Rahem Faqih Achmad Iklilul L.L. As’ad Adelina Ari Hamiyanti Adelina Ari Hamiyanti Adriani Sunuddin Agung Pramana W.M Agung Pramana W.M Agung Pramana Warih Marhendra Agus Budiarto Agus Budiarto Agus Budiarto Agus Budiarto Agus Suhadi Agus Susanto Akhiroh, Puji Ali Harris Anandita, Septian Ragil Andik Isdianto Angelina N. Tethool Anis Mei Munazaroh Anis Mei Munazaroh Apriani Herni Rophi Ardyah Ramadhina Irsanti Putri Ardyah Ramadhina Irsanti Putri Ardyah Ramadhina Irsanti Putri Aris Subagyo Asma Naili Salsabila Aulanni'am Aulanni'am Aulanni'am, Aulanni'am Aulia Puspita Anugra Yekti Azis, Rosidi Badriyah B Badriyah B, Badriyah Badrus Sholeh Bambang Semedi Bambang Susilo Bilqis Bilqis, Bilqis Brehaspati, Eka Wara Budi Siswanto Budi Siswanto Darmawan, Drajad Azis Dewi, Citra Satrya Utama Dian Ratnawati Diani, Khonita Rahma Doni Herviyanto Dyah Kinasih Wuragil Putu Raharjo Eko Wahyudi Eva Ari Wahyuni Eva Ari Wahyuni Fadillah Putra Fahmi, Mohammad Bachtiar Fitra, Ardian Gladys Agnescia Sumampouw Hagus Tarno Harianto, Eirene Harsuko Riniwati Hemiyanti, Adelina Ari Herandarudewi, Sekar Mira I.D. Retnaningtyas I.D. Retnaningtyas, I.D. Insafitri, I Irawati Dinasari Retnaningtyas Juwita Ratna Dewi Karim Khalifa Zamuna Khonita R. Diani Khonita Rahma Diani KIKI FIBRIANTO Kuswati Kuswati Laili Windah Fauziah Lilik Eka Radiati M, Nur Ihsan M. Ruslin Anwar M.F. Wadjdi M.F. Wadjdi, M.F. Maharani Pertiwi K. Marjono Marjono Marjono Marjuki Marjuki Meyya L. Zain Mirsa Ita Dewi Moch. Aris Sunaryo Mohammad Bisri Mohammad Nur Ihsan Mubarak Z, Sultan Mudawamah Mudawamah Mudawamah Mudawamah Mudawamah Mudawamah Muhammad Arwani Muhammad Musa Muhammad Nur Ihsan Muhammad Nur Ihsan Muhammad Rizar Zakaria Muhammad Sumsanto Mutiati, Enni Nail, Rory Abduh Nasich, Moch. Nasirudin, Mohamad Nico Rahman Caesar Nisa, Liza Choirun Nuhfil Hanani Nur Ihsan Nur Ihsan Nurgiartiningsih, V. M. A. Nurhabib, Asro Nurul Jadid Mubarokati Nuryadi Nuryadi Putranto, Septiawan Putri, Ardyah Irsanti R. R. P. Putra Retnaningtyas, irawati Dinasari Ria Dewi Andriani Rizka Gitta Almaida Rizki Putra Samudra Roy Ardy Colas Napitupulu S. Chuzaemi S. Susilowati S. Susilowati Sambou, Omar Samudra, Rizki Putra Samwil, Samwil Septi Anitasari, Septi Setyawan, Hendrix Yulis Simbolon, Rosdiana Siska Nanda Widhaningrum Slamet Wahyudi Sony Susanto Sri Hindrawati Sri Rahayu sri rahayu Sri Rahayu SRI RAHAYU Sri Wahjuningsih Sucik Maylinda Sukandar Sukandar Sulistyoningtyas I. Sunaryo Sunaryo Sunaryo, Moch. Aris Sutiman B. Sumitro Sutiman Bambang Sumitro Sutopo, Bima Prakasa Dermawan Suyadi Suyadi Suyadi Suyadi Syafrizal Muhammad Syahrul Kurniawan Syamsul Arifin Teguh Wicaksono Tri Eko Susilorini Trinil Susilawati Trinil Susilawati V.M. Ani Nurgiartiningsih Wardani, Nezya Pramudya Wiadnya , Dewa Gede Raka Wike, Wike Wiwik Handayani Woro Busono, Woro Wresti Listu Anggayasti Wulandari, Eka Shinta Yanuhar, Uun Yudit Oktanella, Yudit Zulvado Satria Putra Yuwono

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