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Kosim Kosim
Universitas Padjadjaran
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Journal : Jurnal Akta

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The Urgency of Harmonizing Civil Inheritance Law with Digital Assets in the Indonesian Legal System Ali, Nur; Salikin, Adang Djumhur; Kosim, Kosim
JURNAL AKTA Vol 12, No 4 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Program Magister (S2) Kenotariatan, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/akta.v12i4.47286

Abstract

The development of digital technology has given rise to new types of non-physical wealth, such as cryptocurrency, e-wallets, social media accounts, and digital intellectual property. However, Indonesia's civil inheritance law system, which is based on the Burgerlijk Wetboek (Civil Code), does not explicitly regulate the status and mechanism of inheritance of such digital assets. The absence of specific regulations creates legal issues for heirs, ranging from difficulties in identification to obstacles in accessing the digital assets of the deceased. This study employs a normative and comparative legal approach by analyzing national legislation, inheritance practices in several countries such as the United States (RUFADAA), and theories of legal harmonization. The results of the study indicate that, conceptually, digital assets meet the criteria as legal objects that can be inherited because they have economic value and transferable ownership. However, the absence of explicit regulations in national law makes digital assets vulnerable to loss or improper distribution. Therefore, legal harmonization is an inevitability. Legal harmonization of inheritance regarding digital assets can be achieved through three main schemes. First, integrating digital assets into the list of inherited assets by explicitly including them in a will (testamentaire beschikking) or statement of assets. Second, establishing a mechanism for identifying and distributing digital assets involving notaries as legal actors and developing a national digital data system. Third, the formulation of technical regulations that grant legal access to heirs to the deceased's digital accounts and cryptocurrency wallets, accompanied by cross-border enforcement cooperation with global digital service providers. These three schemes are based on the principles of volledigheid van de nalatenschap, gerechtigheid (justice), and rechtszekerheid in Dutch law, and are in line with Nonet and Selznick's theory of responsive law, which encourages the adaptation of law to social and technological dynamics. The comprehensive reformulation of inheritance law provisions in the Civil Code is a strategic step in ensuring legal protection for heirs and addressing the challenges of digital inheritance in the information society era.
Co-Authors 'Ardhuha, Jannatin 'Ardhuha, Jannatin A. Wahab Jufri A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Aat Sriati Abadi, Muhammad Adang Djumhur Salikin, Adang Djumhur Adawiyah, Nabilah Al Adi Muhamad Muhsidi Ahmad Busyairi, Ahmad Ahmad Harjono Ahmad Yamin Aisyah, St. Nur Aliefman Hakim Alpiani, Delta Amalia, Tata Amelia, Tasya Amrullah, Lalu Azikri Ananda, Dita Elia Anggraini Puspitasari Angraeni, Radita Aos Santoso Hadiwijaya, Aos Santoso Apridin, Apridin Apriliani, Annisa Apriliani, Rina Ardian Firmansyah Ardika, Suriadi Aris Doyan Aris Doyan Arni, Kurnia Julianti Aziziyah, nurul Azmi Aziz Citra Windani Mambang Sari Desy Indra Yani Devi, Via Monica Dinda, Yayi Ana Edy Setyawan Efri Widianti Endang P Handayani Erdawaty, Sri Fadholi, Affan Hilmi Faresta, Rangga Alif Fathurrahman Fathurrahman Firdha Razhanah Furkon Nurhakim Gunawan Gunawan Gunawan Gunawan Hadisyahputra, Dwita Hairunisyah Sahidu Hairunnisyah Sahidu Handayani, Endang P Harliana Harliana Hasan, Nur Bilqis Haibah Mufidah hasani, riadhatul Hesti Platini Hidayat, Abas Hidayatullah, Nisa Hikmawati , Hikmawati Hikmawati Hikmawati Hisbulloh Als Mustofa Huraiza Mahmudah I Wayan Gunada Ibrahim Ibrahim Ibrahim Ibrahim Ilham Bustomi Imaniah, Esa Indra Maulana` Indra Maulana Indrayani, Indrayani . Iqbal Pramukti Irmaya Irmaya Jamuri Jamuri, Jamuri Janati, Janati Jannatin 'Ardhuha Jannatin Ardhuha Jessica Azzahra Diva Johdi, Haerul Joni Rokhmat Junaenni Januarizcha Kadar Risman Khaerunnisa, Cantika Khaerus Syahidi Khairun Niami Kurniasih, Uun Kurniawan Arizona Kurniawan Yudianto Kurniawan, Wardi Kusuma, Novita Kusumawati, A. Laili Rahayuwati Lala, Andi Lestari, Furri Fuzie Liana Liana Lilis Mamuroh Lovy Herayanti M Taufiq M. Zulfikar Syuaib M.A. Muazar Habibi Mahmudah, Huraiza Mahrus Mahrus, Mahrus Makhrus, Muhamad Mamat Lukman Marcelline, Ericha Maria komariah Masruhin Nur Maulana, Lalu Muhammad Septian Maulana, Sidik Mediawati, Ati Surya Mega Fatimah Rosana Mohammad Ahmad Bani Amer Muh. Makhrus Muhamad Makhrus Muhammad Auliya MUHAMMAD TAUFIK MUHAMMAD TAUFIK Muhammad Zuhdi Muhammad Zuhdi Muliadi, Irman Musanni Musanni Musthofa, Faizal Namina, Fajaritta Sukma NASRUN HARIYANTO Ni Nyoman Sri Putu Verawati Nina Nisrina Nisrina, Nina Nita Fitria Novia Rahmawati Nur Ali Nur Faiz Habibah Nur, Ridwan Agustian Nurlaeli, Halifah Paiman Paiman Paramitha, Reny Putri, Angeli Soradin Qothrunnada, Qothrunnada R. Reza Fahruddin Rahmatullah Rahmatullah Raini Diah Susanti Reynaldy Aji Nugraha Rifa Aksar, Fadila Riyanti, Nandita Agus Sahidu, Haerunisyah Sandra Pebrianti Sari, Rosita Satutik Rahayu Siswahyudianto SITI FATIMAH SITI SAODAH Sofiana Rahmiatun Hatmawati Sofiya, Rizka Sri Hendrawati Sudrajat, Vickry Maulanna Sukarso, Aa Sukmawati Sukmawati Susilawati Susilawati Susilawati Susilawati Susilawati, Susilawati Sutrio Syahrial Ayub Syahrial Ayub Syahrial Ayub, Syahrial SYAHRIAL SYAHRIAL Syamsul Arifin Syarful Annam Tetti Solehati Theresia Eriyani Toyibah, Rida Siti Ulfa, Amalia Uluwiyya, Rahma Wahyudi Wahyudi Wahyudi Wahyudi Wahyudi Wahyudi Windy Rakhmawati Wisni, Firda Witdiawati, Witdiawati Yayat Suryatna, Yayat Yulianita, Henny Yumiati Yunita, Rizki Yuyu Sudarmini Zahra, Nida Nabilatuz Zainuri, Baiq Nabila Saufika