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Kosim Kosim
Fakultas Syariah dan EKonomi Islam IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon
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Journal : Jurnal Akta

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The Urgency of Harmonizing Civil Inheritance Law with Digital Assets in the Indonesian Legal System Ali, Nur; Salikin, Adang Djumhur; Kosim, Kosim
JURNAL AKTA Vol 12, No 4 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Program Magister (S2) Kenotariatan, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/akta.v12i4.47286

Abstract

The development of digital technology has given rise to new types of non-physical wealth, such as cryptocurrency, e-wallets, social media accounts, and digital intellectual property. However, Indonesia's civil inheritance law system, which is based on the Burgerlijk Wetboek (Civil Code), does not explicitly regulate the status and mechanism of inheritance of such digital assets. The absence of specific regulations creates legal issues for heirs, ranging from difficulties in identification to obstacles in accessing the digital assets of the deceased. This study employs a normative and comparative legal approach by analyzing national legislation, inheritance practices in several countries such as the United States (RUFADAA), and theories of legal harmonization. The results of the study indicate that, conceptually, digital assets meet the criteria as legal objects that can be inherited because they have economic value and transferable ownership. However, the absence of explicit regulations in national law makes digital assets vulnerable to loss or improper distribution. Therefore, legal harmonization is an inevitability. Legal harmonization of inheritance regarding digital assets can be achieved through three main schemes. First, integrating digital assets into the list of inherited assets by explicitly including them in a will (testamentaire beschikking) or statement of assets. Second, establishing a mechanism for identifying and distributing digital assets involving notaries as legal actors and developing a national digital data system. Third, the formulation of technical regulations that grant legal access to heirs to the deceased's digital accounts and cryptocurrency wallets, accompanied by cross-border enforcement cooperation with global digital service providers. These three schemes are based on the principles of volledigheid van de nalatenschap, gerechtigheid (justice), and rechtszekerheid in Dutch law, and are in line with Nonet and Selznick's theory of responsive law, which encourages the adaptation of law to social and technological dynamics. The comprehensive reformulation of inheritance law provisions in the Civil Code is a strategic step in ensuring legal protection for heirs and addressing the challenges of digital inheritance in the information society era.
Co-Authors 'Ardhuha, Jannatin 'Ardhuha, Jannatin A. Wahab Jufri A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Aat Sriati Abadi, Muhammad Adang Djumhur Salikin, Adang Djumhur Adawiyah, Nabilah Al Adi Muhamad Muhsidi Ahmad Busyairi, Ahmad Ahmad Harjono Ahmad Yamin Aliefman Hakim Alpiani, Delta Amalia, Tata Amelia, Tasya Amira, Iceu Ananda, Dita Elia Angraeni, Radita Aos Santoso Hadiwijaya, Aos Santoso Apridin, Apridin Apriliani, Annisa Apriliani, Rina Ariatin, Adinda Rainah Lova Aris Doyan Arni, Kurnia Julianti Aushaf, Inka Fadilla Nur Aziziyah, nurul Baratasena, Raden Radian Desy Indra Yani Devi, Via Monica Didi Sukardi Dinda, Yayi Ana Edy Setyawan Efri Widianti Erdawaty, Sri Erwanto, Muhammad Fadholi, Affan Hilmi Fathurrahman Fathurrahman Gunawan Gunawan Hadisyahputra, Dwita Hairunisyah Sahidu Handayani, Endang P Harliana Harliana Hasan, Nur Bilqis Haibah Mufidah hasani, riadhatul Hesti Platini Hikmawati , Hikmawati Hikmawati Hikmawati I Wayan Gunada Imaniah, Esa Indra Maulana, Indra Indrayani, Indrayani . Jamuri Jamuri, Jamuri Janati, Janati Jogo, Sukmo Banyu Johdi, Haerul Joni Rokhmat Junaenni Januarizcha Kadar Risman Khaerus Syahidi Kurniasih, Uun Kurniawan Arizona Kurniawan, Wardi Kusuma, Novita Kusumawati, A. Laili Rahayuwati Lala, Andi Lestari, Furri Fuzie Liana Liana Lilis Mamuroh Lovy Herayanti Mahmudah, Huraiza Mahrus Mahrus, Mahrus Makhrus, Muhamad Marcelline, Ericha Maria komariah Maulana, Lalu Muhammad Septian Maulana, Sidik Mediawati, Ati Surya Mohammad Ahmad Bani Amer Muh. Makhrus MUHAMMAD TAUFIK Muhammad Zuhdi Mukidin, Mukidin Muliadi, Irman Musthofa, Faizal Namina, Fajaritta Sukma Ni Nyoman Sri Putu Verawati Nilawati Nilawati Nisrina, Nina Nita Fitria Novia Rahmawati Nur Ali Nur Faiz Habibah Nur, Ridwan Agustian Nurhakim, Furkon Paiman Paiman Paramitha, Reny Putri, Angeli Soradin Qothrunnada, Qothrunnada Rahmatullah Rahmatullah Raini Diah Susanti, Raini Diah Rifa Aksar, Fadila Riyanti, Nandita Agus Riyanto, Nur Bambang Sahidu, Haerunisyah Sandra Pebrianti Sari, Rosita Satutik Rahayu Sofiya, Rizka Sri Hendrawati Sudrajat, Vickry Maulanna Sukarso, Aa Sukmawati Sukmawati Susilawati, Susilawati Syahrial Ayub, Syahrial SYAHRIAL SYAHRIAL Tetti Solehati Theresia Eriyani Toyibah, Rida Siti Ulfa, Amalia Uluwiyya, Rahma Wahyudi Wahyudi Windy Rakhmawati Wisni, Firda Witdiawati Witdiawati, Witdiawati Yayat Suryatna, Yayat Yulianita, Henny Yumiati Yunita, Rizki Yuyu Sudarmini Zainuri, Baiq Nabila Saufika