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Journal : lex publica

The Legality of the Surrogate Mother Agreement Reviewed from Indonesian Civil Law Yohanes I Wayan Suryadi; Ni Luh Made Mahendra Wati; I Wayan Wesna Astara; I Gusti Bagus Suryawan; Johannes Ibrahim Kosasih
Lex Publica Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : APPTHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58829/lp.12.1.2025.279

Abstract

This research explores the legality of surrogate mother (uterus rental) agreements under Indonesian civil law, particularly given the absence of clear regulations governing such arrangements. The study aims to examine both the legal status of surrogate mother agreements and the legal status of children born through surrogacy, based on the provisions of the Indonesian Civil Code. This is a normative legal study employing a statutory approach, with secondary data collected through literature review and analyzed using descriptive-analytical methods. The findings indicate surrogate mother agreements are not legally valid under Indonesian civil law, as they fail to meet the essential requirements for a valid contract. The legal status of children born from such agreements depends on specific conditions. If the intended (biological) parents wish to establish a legal relationship with the child, they must go through an adoption process. Furthermore, the marital status of the surrogate mother determines the child’s legal status: (a) if the surrogate mother is legally married, the child is presumed to be the legitimate child of the surrogate and her spouse; (b) if the surrogate mother is unmarried or widowed, the child is considered to be born out of wedlock.
Co-Authors Agus Darma Yoga Pratama, Agus Darma Alma Cita Calimbo Alma Cita Calimbo Anak Agung Galuh Ratna Chyntia Dewi Anak Agung Gede Oka Wisnumurti Anak Agung Istri Agung Antarini, Lilik Bustamante, Jan Henrick Gonzales Carlos M. Raymundo Ciandani, Ni Luh Vigrah Purnama Cok Agung Yujana Datrini, Luh Kade Demosthenes B. Vibandor Dessy Lina Oktaviani Suendra Dewi, A.A Sagung Laksmi Diah Gayatri Sudibya Dian Tariningsih Dian Tariningsih Emiliana Mariyah Fandy Purnama Fandy Purnama Gianyar, I Made Guerina, Roy Salvamante Hendrawan, Kadek Teddy I Dw Made Rama Pradnyandita I Gde Parimartha I Gde Suranaya Pandit I Gede Cahya Widiangga I Gede Pasek Mangku I Gusti Agung Putu Eryani I Gusti Bagus Sudiantara I Gusti Bagus Suryawan I Gusti Made Agung Satria Putra I Kadek Angga I Ketut Irianto I Ketut Irianto I Ketut Irianto I Ketut Irianto I Ketut Kasta Arya Wijaya I Ketut Sukadana I Ketut Widia I Made Aditya Mantara Putra I Made Arjaya I Made Artawan I Made Mardika I MADE MINGGU WIDYANTARA, I MADE MINGGU I Made Pria Dharsana, I Made Pria I Made Sepud I Made Sepud I Made Suniasta Amertha I Made Suwitra I Nyoman Alit Puspadma I Nyoman Alit Puspadma I Nyoman Budiartha I Nyoman Gede Santra Putra Waysnawa I Nyoman Gede Sugiarta I Nyoman Kardana I Nyoman Putu Budiartha I Nyoman Sirtha I Nyoman Subamia I Nyoman Sujana I Nyoman Sukandia I Nyoman Sumardika I Nyoman Sutama I Nyoman Sutapa I Nyoman Sutapa I Putu Arik Sanjaya I Putu Gede Seputra I Putu Sumardika I Wayan Arthana I Wayan Arthanaya I Wayan Arthanaya I Wayan Budiarta I Wayan Kartika Jaya Utama I Wayan Parwata I Wayan Rideng I Wayan Sudiarta I Wayan Suky Luxiana Ida Bagus Agung Putra Santika Ida Bagus Agung Putra Santika Ida Bagus Agung Putra Santika Ida Bagus Dalem Try Utama Manuaba Ida Bagus Nyoman Trisya Andika Indah Permatasari Irianto, I Ketut Johannes Ibrahim Kosasih Kadek Goldina Puteri Dewi Kadek Teddy Hendrawan Komang Tri Putri Andriastuti Kuntayuni Leovigildo C. Sentelices Luh Kadek Budi Martini Luh Putu Sudini M. Ngurah Yogie Khrsna Made Bagoes Wiranegara Wesna Made Rai Diascitta Hardi Sentana Made Setiasa Made Setiasa Made Setiasa Made Tania Anjayani Oka Marcelo Roland C. Villafuerte Meysia Rahmadani Palayukan Miel S. Bongon Mulyawati, Kade Richa Naori Miyazawa Ni Kadek Lia Listia Dewi Ni Komang Arini Setyawati Ni Komang Ayu Febriyanti Ni Luh Made Mahendra Wati Ni Luh Made Mahendrawati Ni Luh Putu Putri Setianingsih Ni Made Ayu Gemuh Rasa Astiti Ni Made Ayu Suardani Singapurwa Ni Made Jaya Senasti Ni Made Sinthya Kusuma Arisanthi Ni Made Wahyuni Ni Nyoman Putri Purnama Santhi Ni Nyoman Wulan Prasintya Putri Ni Putu Diah Kurniawandari Ni Putu Santya Dewi Ni Putu Sawitri Nandari Ni Putu Yuni Purnamawati Ni Wayan Arni Sardi Ni Wayan Yunika Duarta NP Budiartha Pande Ayu Naya Kasih Permatananda Prakerti, Ni Luh Adelia Darma Putra, I Ketut Wira Cipta Putri Amelia Meirini Putu Ayu Sriasih Wesna Putu Ngurah Suyatna Yasa Putu Suryani . Rama, I Wayan Agus Recto, Imee Bello Ryskiaden Markus Sanjaya, I Gusti Agus Maha Putra Selamet, I Ketut Senastri, Ni Made Jaya Simon Nahak Spelman, Ni Nyoman Lorensa Subur, Made Sudiantara, I Gusti Bagus Sudibya, Diah Gayatri Sugiartha, I Nyoman Gede Sujana, I Nyoman Sukmadewi, Desak Ketut Tristiana Sumardika, I Nyoman Sumayo, Romeo M. Tanjung Subrata Tirao, Gladys Hope Aracan Tjokorda Gede Agung Sayogaditya Widya Pramana Putra Tomas, Ricky San Lorenzo Sto. Tri Bagus Manik Naradhipam Virgayanti, Ni Ketut Anik Wayan Arieka Naka Maheswari Widiati, Ida Ayu Putu Wijaya, I Kadek Merta Yohanes I Wayan Suryadi Yohanes Parlindungan Situmeang Yuliasih, Ni Luh Made Manik