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Gunawan Widjaja
Faculty Of Law Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta, Indonesia
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Astronomy Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE APPLICATION OF THE INSANITY DEFENCE IN MURDER CASES: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM AND MENTAL HEALTH IN INDONESIA Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): APRIL
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The application of the insanity defence in murder cases in Indonesia highlights the challenges and implications arising from the application of this law. This study examines the consistency and effectiveness of the insanity defence in Indonesia and its impact on the criminal justice system and mental health. The review shows that although Indonesian law recognises the insanity defence, its implementation is often inconsistent and not supported by an adequate mental health assessment system. This results in unfairness in the handling of murder cases involving suspects with mental illness, as well as the continued stigmatisation of people with such disorders. The implications of these findings are significant for improving the justice and mental health systems in Indonesia. Better integration between the legal system and mental health services is needed to ensure the application of the insanity defence is fair and human rights compliant. This study recommends improved training for law enforcement, as well as strengthened coordination with mental health professionals to support effective rehabilitation for individuals with mental illness. This is expected to improve the fairness and protection of individual rights in the application of the insanity defence in Indonesia.
PROTECTION OF PATIENTS' RIGHTS IN HOSPITAL LEGAL LIABILITY EXPANSION SCHEME Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 5 (2025): MAY
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The protection of patients' rights is an important focus in improving the quality of health services in hospitals. This research explores how the expansion of hospitals' legal responsibilities can serve to protect patients' rights more effectively. In this context, hospitals are not only responsible for medical practices, but are also obliged to comply with the legal framework governing the right to information, humane treatment, and quality healthcare. This study emphasises that synergies between legal regulations, internal hospital policies, and ethical practices, play a crucial role in realising safety and protection for patients. The results highlight the importance of the active involvement of hospitals, the government, and patients themselves to ensure that patients' rights are respected and protected, so that public trust in the healthcare system can be enhanced.
RESTORATIVE JUSTICE APPROACH IN LEGAL PROTECTION FOR MEDICAL PERSONNEL AND PATIENTS Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 5 (2025): MAY
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The Restorative Justice approach to legal protection for medical personnel and patients is an alternative to conflict resolution that prioritises dialogue, mediation and restoration of relationships between the parties involved. This model focuses on fulfilling the needs of victims, holding perpetrators accountable, and improving social relations without relying entirely on formal, retributive legal processes. In the context of health care, this approach provides a more humane and effective solution to minimise conflict between medical personnel and patients, especially in cases of misunderstanding or suspected malpractice. By promoting transparency, openness, and empathy, Restorative Justice contributes to improving the quality of health services while maintaining the integrity of the medical profession, and encouraging a more comprehensive sense of justice for all parties.
CYBER SECURITY IN THE DIGITAL AGE: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 5 (2025): MAY
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Cybersecurity in the digital age is a key challenge for public administrations, given the growth of increasingly sophisticated and destructive cyber threats. This demands effective strategies and solutions to protect critical infrastructure and sensitive data. A multi-layered technology approach, including system updates, encryption, and multi- factor authentication, combined with security training and policies for the workforce, is essential to respond to these threats. In addition, collaboration between governments, the private sector, and the international community should be optimised to strengthen responses to cyber threats. By implementing these measures, public administrations can significantly improve their digital security, ensure public services remain functional, and protect data from irresponsible exploitation.
ETHICAL AND JURIDICAL DILEMMAS IN THE PROSECUTION OF MURDERERS WITH MENTAL DISORDERS: PERSPECTIVES OF ISLAMIC LAW AND INDONESIAN POSITIVE LAW Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 5 (2025): MAY
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This study aims to analyse the ethical and juridical dilemmas in the prosecution of mentally ill murderers from the perspective of Islamic Law and Indonesian Positive Law. The ethical debate arises from the need to balance the principles of justice for the victim and compassion for the mentally ill offender. In Islamic Law, mentally ill perpetrators are generally not held fully responsible for their actions and may be granted a reduced or commuted sentence. In contrast, in Indonesian Positive Law, mentally disordered offenders can be exempted from criminal responsibility under Article 44 of Law No. 8 of 1981 on Criminal Procedure, although it is still possible to subject them to other measures such as psychiatric treatment. This study underscores the importance of medical and humanitarian assessments in the prosecution process, as well as the need for a balance between justice for victims and protection of the human rights of mentally ill offenders.
SETTLEMENT OF MEDICAL DISPUTES DUE TO MINOR OFFENCES BY HEALTH WORKERS THROUGH MEDIATION Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 6 (2025): JUNE
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Mediation as a method of resolving medical disputes resulting from minor breaches by health workers offers an effective and efficient approach compared to litigation. The mediation process allows for an open dialogue between the patient and the health worker in a neutral setting facilitated by a mediator. It helps identify key issues and seek mutually beneficial solutions in a faster and cost-effective manner. Another advantage of mediation is that it preserves the confidentiality and reputation of both parties, and focuses on recovery and repair rather than punishment. Thus, mediation not only resolves disputes but also helps improve the relationship between patients and health workers and promotes improved quality of healthcare.
PATIENT SAFETY CULTURE IN HOSPITALS: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY STANDARDS, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND LEGAL PROTECTION FOR PATIENTS AND MEDICAL PERSONNEL Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat; Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025)
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Patient safety culture in hospitals is a very important aspect in ensuring the quality and safety of health services. This study is a literature review that aims to analyse the implementation of patient safety standards, the responsibilities of hospitals and medical personnel, and legal protection for patients and medical personnel. Data was obtained through a review of literature from scientific journals, books, and relevant laws and regulations. The results of the study show that the implementation of safety standards such as patient identification, effective communication, safe use of medicines, infection prevention, and fall risk management still faces various obstacles, including organisational culture and resource constraints. In addition, legal responsibility for hospitals and medical personnel is crucial in maintaining fairness and professionalism, while adequate legal protection is a prerequisite for creating a safe working environment and supporting incident reporting. This study emphasises that the synergy between the implementation of standards, legal responsibility, and legal protection is the main foundation for building a sustainable patient safety culture. These findings can be used as a basis for further policy development and empirical research in the context of healthcare in Indonesia and other countries.
INDONESIA LAW REPORT (ILR) AS A PLATFORM FOR PUBLISHING SUPREME COURT JURISPRUDENCE: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF ITS ROLE IN COLLECTING, SELECTING, AND PUBLISHING NEW LEGAL FINDINGS RELEVANT TO THE NEEDS OF TODAY'S SOCIETY Sendi Sanjaya SH; Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025)
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The Indonesia Law Report (ILR) is the Supreme Court's official platform that functions as a medium for collecting, selecting, and publishing jurisprudential decisions that contain new and important legal discoveries. This study uses a literature review method to examine the role of the ILR in developing a systematic storage of jurisprudence, gathering strategic decisions, and disseminating legal information relevant to the needs of today's society. The results of the study show that ILR contributes greatly to improving accessibility, transparency, and legal education for legal practitioners, academics, and the general public. With regular publications and digital presentation, ILR facilitates the adjustment of law to social dynamics and technological developments in an effective and responsive manner. The existence of ILR strengthens the quality and accountability of the judicial process and supports sustainable legal reform in Indonesia.
HOSPITAL SERVICE ETHICS AND CULTURE: PATIENT AND EMPLOYEE SAFETY PROTECTION BASED ON THE CODE OF ETHICS, CULTURAL VALUES, AND HEALTH LAWS – LITERATURE REVIEW Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat; Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025)
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This study aims to examine the role of hospital service ethics and culture in protecting patient and employee safety based on professional codes of ethics, organisational cultural values, and applicable health regulations. Using a Systematic Literature Review approach, this study examines various national and international literature from the last ten years related to patient safety, safety culture, and health worker protection. The results of the study show that patient safety is greatly influenced by the application of professional ethical principles, particularly in respecting patient rights, implementing informed consent, and organisational culture that encourages transparency, communication, and incident reporting. On the other hand, the protection of hospital employees is closely related to a healthy organisational culture, ethical leadership, and the implementation of labour and occupational health regulations to ensure physical and psychological safety. The integration of ethics, culture, and law was found to be the main strategy capable of bridging the gap between theory and practice in the field. This study emphasises that strengthening hospital management's commitment to the code of ethics, internalising a culture of safety, and complying with health laws are the foundations for creating a safe, fair, and sustainable service environment for both patients and employees.
HARMONISATION AND LEGAL CHALLENGES OF AGREEMENTS IN INDONESIA: STRENGTHENING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, GLOBAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, AND DIGITAL ADAPTATION IN THE CONTEXT OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEGAL SYNCHRONISATION – A LITERATURE REVIEW Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025)
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This study examines the harmonisation and challenges faced by treaty law in Indonesia in two main areas, namely environmental protection and global resource management, as well as the adaptation of treaty law in the digital era. Using a systematic literature review method, this study analyses various national and international legal instruments that play a role in synergising Indonesian legal regulations with global standards. The results of the study show that there are gaps in implementation and regulation that have resulted in suboptimal environmental protection and resource management, as well as digital law adaptation still facing regulatory and law enforcement obstacles. The study recommends the need for responsive regulatory revisions, institutional strengthening, and active legal diplomacy to ensure effective synchronisation of national and international laws for the sake of sustainable development and Indonesia's legal competitiveness in the global arena.
Co-Authors Aat Ruchiat Nugraha Abadi, Songga Aurora Abd. Basir Abdul Samad Arief Abdul Wahab Syakhrani Abdur Rahman Achmad Fazrin Adi Rumanto Waruwu Adrian Bima Putra Adrian Bima Putra Advitama, Dave Affandi Affandi Agus Supriyanto Agus Supriyanto Agustinus Nugroho Jati Aisyah, Shyavara Alam Anbari Anastasia Prestika Andina Rahmayani Andreani Dewanto Andreas Harry Andreas Harry Anggia Az Zahra Anindita Widyapradnya Annas Tasya N.A Annas Tasya N.A, Annisa Rachmawati, Dsk Putu Ayu L.A, Khaerunnisa Ade P., Muhammad Fachri, Pradita Ajeng S.A Annisa Purwo Hastuti Annisa Rachmawati Ari Rahmat Elsad Arif Rahman Baihaqi Arman Harahap Asep Saepullah Aslan Aslan Aslan Aslan Aswan Athalia Christine L Ayu Miya Maryani B.M.A.S. Anaconda Bangkara Bintan R. Saragih Brian Matthew Budi Suranto Bangun Cecep Suhardiman Cecep Suhardiman Cecep Suhardiman Cesarianti, Fransiska Milenia Chairunnissa Chairunnissa Christiawan, Rio Christina Herawati G Damun, Damun Danang Rahmat Surono Dave Advitama Delia Bazlina Deny Wicaksono, Deny Dhanudibroto, Handojo Dheas Syahreza Muslim Diana ., Diana Diana Laila Ramatillah Dimas Tripraditiya Dipo Pramudito Dipo Pramudito Dsk Putu Ayu L.A Dumilah Ayuningtyas Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Dyah Ersita Yustanti Ekasari, Silvia Ekha Sri Sugiarti Elisabeth Purnama Massang Enna Budiman Enna Budiman Ersita Yustanti, Dyah Fachrurazi Farika Nikmah Farrel Abiyu Ramadhana Fitra Sri Rahayu Grace Riana Hadenan Towpek Hadenan Towpek Halim , Adriansyah Handojo Dhanudibroto Handojo Dhanudibroto Handojo Dhanudibroto Handojo Dhanudibroto Hansel Kalama Hardijan Rusli, Hardijan Harry, Andreas Hatta, Ignatius Bambang Sukarno Hendra . Hendrawan Hendrawan Hendriarto, Prasetyono Heri Kustanto Hernita Hernita Hernita Hotma P. Sibuea Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat Ita Nurcholifah Iyad Abdallah Al- Shreifeen Iyad Abdallah Al-Shreifeen Jahidin Kuswanto Januar Agung Saputera Jessica Francis Gunawan Jestin Justian Juliana, Juliana Junior B. Gregorius Karunia Ilham Karim Kevin Neil McVey Khaerunnisa Ade P. Khairul Nizam bin Zainal Badri Khalimi Khalimi Khalimi Lalu Syaifudin Lidya Cristy S Loso Judijanto M Reydhi Suwanda M Ruswan Talaohu M. Hafiz Aini M. Zahari Mahmudin, Tono Mailinda, Nur Martedjo, Wagiman Martin Maurer M.Marpaung Megasari Sijabat, Fittry Mellisa Efiyanti Mellisa Efiyanti Melyana Melyana Mervyn Mervyn Michael Matthew Michelle Angelika S Mika Anabelle Miya Maryani, Ayu Moch. Isra Hajiri Mochammad Roufal Moh. Imam Ishomuddin Zuhri Mohammad Ahmad Bani Amer Monica Monica Mowafg Masuwd Muhammad Anas Ma`arif Muhammad Fachri Muhammad Ikhwan Muhammad Ikhwan Muhammad Nagieb Muhammad Naufal Arifiyanto Muhammad Rayyan Firdaus Muthia Rachman Nadila Citra Aprilia Naiborhu, Mesa Indra Ni Nyoman Ari Triantari Nini Putri Wijaya, Nini Putri Novan Dzaky Pangestu Novi Puji Lestari Novi Rizky Ramadhani Novi Rizky Ramadhani Nugroho, Sudrajat Mukti Nur Ulfa Maulida Nurwita, Nurwita Oggy Satya Tambunan Olivia Pauline Hartanti Poetranto, Soeryo Pradita Ajeng S.A Puji Hastuti Rafa Zahirah Husein Rahadian Bayu Anggoro Rahardja, Tony Rahmat Nasution Raissa Arlyn Manikam Rajes Khana Ramdan Yusuf Renaldi Immanuel Panggabean Retnaningtyas Insyira Retnaningtyas Insyira, Anggia Az Zahra, Nadila Citra Aprilia, Chairunnissa, Muhammad Rayyan Firdaus, Novan Dzaky Pangestu Reza Sutrianingtyas Rahayu Rianti Nurul Oktavia Rif'ah Rif'ah Rifa’at Hanifa Muslimah Rifa’at Hanifa Muslimah Rio Johan Putra Ririn Nurhidayanti Rizka Anindya Manjayani Rizky Yosa Adhi Prabowo Robby Sulivan, Robby Robert Iskandar Rumanto Waruwu, Adi Salmon Sihite Salsa Rizkya Samsuto, Samsuto Sanchita Bhattacharya Sanjaya, Aditya Santika Santika Sarah Ramadona Sardjana Orba Manullang Savira Lovianda Gunawan Sendi Sanjaya Sendi Sanjaya SH Septy Kusuma Septy Kusuma, Arif Rahman Baihaqi, M Ruswan Talaohu, Santika, Sarah Ramadona, Salsa Rizkya Setiawan, Lisno Shella Felicia Shohib MUSLIM Sihite, Salmon Silalahi, Yohanes B O Siti Hafifa Marlinda Putri Siti Nur Azizah Siti Rokayah Songga Aurora Abadi Songga Aurora Abadi Sri Sugiarti, Ekha Sudrajat, Maman Sukh Pawen Jit Kaur Sunnah, Sunnah Syavitri Ramadhani Sylvana, Yana Tahir, Usman Tamrin Tamrin Tanti Herawati Taufik Rahman Taupik Alpiyandi Theresia Vena Tiwi Siftiyani Rosidah Towpek, Hadenan Ummah, Iriaty Khairul Usman Tahir Viony Kresna Sumantri Vivin Caronia Wagiman WAGIMAN Wagiman Wagiman . WAHYUDI Wibowo Laksono Widodo Wibowo, Basuki Rekso Widjaja, Liza Wijaya, Hanna Wirawan, Vani Yana Sylvana Yohanes Firmansyah Yohanes Firmansyah Yohanes Firmansyah Yohanes Firmansyah Yohanes Firmansyah Yuli Supriani Yuri Anggi Yustinus Lambang Setyo Putro Yustinus Rurie Wirawan Yusuf, Ramdan Zainal Arifin