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Biopsychosocial Factors Associated with Preterm Birth at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java Bachtiar, Harrys; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Salimo, Harsono
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Preterm birth has been defined asgestational age of birth between 28 and 37 weeks. Prematurity is a major public health issue as studies have shown it increases the risk of mortality and morbidity of the newborns. The purpose of this study was to examine biopsychosocial factors associated with preterm birth.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational with a case control design. The study was carried out at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, from April to May 2018. A total sample of 200 of the newborn infants was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, composing of 100 preterm newborns and 100 term newborns. The dependent variable was prematurity. The independent variables were maternal age, nutritional status, parity, ambient smoke exposure, maternal education, family income, and family support. The data on prematurity was obtained from medical record. The other variables were measured by a set of questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Preterm birth was positively associated with maternal age <20 or ?35 years (b= 1.58; CI 95%= 0.65 to 2.50; p<0.001), ambient smoke exposure (b= 1.42; CI 95%= 0.41 to 2.44; p=0.006), and parity (b= 1.77; CI 95%= 0.87 to 2.67; p<0.001). Preterm birth was negatively associated with good maternal nutritional status (b= 2.00; CI 95%= 2.92 to 1.08; p<0.001). Good maternal nutritional status was positively associated with strong family support (b= 0.93; CI 95%= 0.24 to 1.61; p=0.008), high family income (b= 2.26; CI 95%= 1.57 to 2.95; p<0.001), and high maternal education (b= 2.45; CI 95%= 1.76 to 3.17; p<0.001).Conclusion: Preterm birth is positively associated with maternal age <20 or ?35 years, ambient smoke exposure, and parity, but negatively associated with good maternal nutritional status.Keywords: preterm birth, biopsychosocial factors, path analysisCorrespondence:Harrys Bachtiar. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, 57126, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: harrysbachtiar@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285257311700.Journal of maternal and child health (2018), 3(2): 138-145https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.02.06
Biopsychosocial Factors on Infertility among Men in Surakarta, Central Java Agustina, Devita; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Murti, Bhisma
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 3, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Impaired fertility affects 717% of all couples. Isolated male factor infertility may occur in 20% of all infertile couples. One recent study demonstrated a high rate of erectile dysfunction, depressive symptoms, and dysfunctional sexual relationships among male partners of infertile couples. This study aimed to examine the biopsychosocial factors on infertility among men in Surakarta, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Sekar Clinic (Infertility Clinic), Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, from January to May 2018. A sample of 120 men was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was infertility. The independent variables were age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, occupational radiation exposure, stress, and physical activity. Data on infertility were obtained from medical record. The other variables were measured by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13.Results: Male infertility was directly and positively associated with age ?40 years (b=1.45; 95% CI= 0.34 to 2.49; p=0.010), BMI ?25 (b=0.98; 95% CI= -0.95 to 2.05; p=0.074), smoking (b=0.98; 95% CI= 0.57 to 1.91; p= 0.037), occupational radiation exposure (b=1.63; 95% CI= 0.52 to 2.75; p=0.004), and lack of physical activity (b=1.11; 95% CI= 0.13 to 2.09; p=0.027). Male infertility was indirectly associated with stress.Conclusion: Male infertility is directly and positively associated with age ?40 years, BMI ?25, smoking, occupational radiation exposure, and lack of physical activity. Male infertility is indirectly associated with stress.Keywords: infertility, male, smoking, body mass index, occupational radiation exposure, path analysisCorrespondence:Devita Agustina. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: inidevita@gmail.com.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2018), 3(1): 226-233https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2018.03.01.02
Effectiveness of Health Promotion by Indonesian Breastfeeding Association in Increasing Exclusive Breastfeeding Coverage in Surabaya City, East Java Handajani, Diani Octaviyanti; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini; Budihastuti, Uki Retno
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 3, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Breastfeeding is essential for health, development, and child survival by preventing child illness. However, exclusive breastfeeding has not reached the desired target. Health promotion by Indonesian Breastfeeding Association (AIMI) participation is one way to increase exclusive breastfeeding coverage. There are several causative factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding, which can be explained by the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of health promotion through the Association of Indonesian Breastfeeding Mothers (AIMI) in increasing coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Surabaya, East Java.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cohort retrospective design. The study was conducted at AIMI Surabaya branch office and 6 community health centers in Surabaya, East Java, from December 2017 and January 2018. A total sample of 120 lactating mothers was selected for this study by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was breastfeeding. The independent variables were AIMI participation, maternal knowledge, maternal education, maternal attitude, family support, and peer support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Exclusive breastfeeding increased with AIMI participation (b= 1.02; 95% CI= -0.19 to 2.24; p=0.101), better maternal knowledge (b= 1.48; 95% CI= 0.15 to 2.79; p=0.029), positive maternal attitude (b= 2.22; 95% CI= 1.03 to 3.38; p<0.001), and stronger family support (b= 2.69; 95% CI= 1.25 to 4.11; p<0.001). Maternal attitude increased with AIMI participation (b= 0.69; 95% CI= -0.18 to 1.57; p=0.116), better maternal knowledge (b= 1.56; 95% CI= 0.72 to 2.39; p<0.001), and higher maternal education (b= 0.71; 95% CI= -0.11 to 1.52; p=0.089). AIMI participation increased with higher education (b= 1.07; 95% CI= 0.26 to 1.87; p=0.009). Family support increased with stronger peer support (b= 2.24; 95% CI= 0.73 to 3.75; p=0.004).Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding increases with AIMI participation, better maternal knowledge, positive maternal attitude, and stronger family support.Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, PRECEDE-PROCEED model, Indonesian Breastfeeding Association (AIMI)Correspondence: Diani Octaviyanti Handajani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: diani.octaviyanti@gmail.com. Mobile: +628563328666Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2018), 3(1): 1-15https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2018.03.01.01 
Biopsychosocial Determinants of Long-term Contraceptive Use in Women of Reproductive Age in Surakarta, Central Java Arifiana, Ratna; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Qadrijati, Isna
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 3, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Family planning allows people to attain their desired number of children and determine the spacing of pregnancy. Long-term contraceptive methods are more effective, safe, with fewer contraindications than others contraceptive method. This study aimed to investigate the biopsychosocial determinants of long-term contraceptive use in women of reproductive age in Surakarta, Central Java, using a theory of planned behavior.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control design. The study was conducted in Surakarta, from January to February 2018. A sample of 210 women of reproductive age was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was long-term contraceptive use. The independent variables were age, parity, education, employment status, knowledge, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, husband support, family income, and health counseling. The data was collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Long-term contraceptive use increased with positive attitude (b=3.49; 95% CI= 1.88 to 5.11; p<0.001), supportive subjective norm (b= 2.91; 95% CI= 1.10 to 4.73; p=0.002), strong perceived behavior control (b=3.09; 95% CI= 1.29 to 4.88; p=0.001), and strong husband support (b=2.68; 95% CI= 1.04 to 4.33; p=0.001). Long-term contraceptive use was indirectly affected by knowledge, health conselling, and education level.Conclusion: Long-term contraceptive use increases with a positive attitude, supportive subjective norm, strong perceived behavior control, and strong husband support.Keywords: long-term contraceptive, the theory of planned behavior, path analysisCorrespondence: Ratna Arifiana, Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: arifianaratna1301@gmail.com.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2018), 3(1): 37-47https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2018.03.01.03 
Path Analysis on the Factors Affecting Postnatal Depression Widarti, Sri; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Widyaningsih, Vitri
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 5 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Postpartum depression is one of the emotional disorders as a result of failure to accept the psychological adaptation process in women in the postpartum period. There are many factors of postpartum depression. This study aimd to determine factors affecting postpartum depression.Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted at 30 villages, in Bantul, Yogyakarta, from February to March 2019. A sample of 210 postaprtum mothers was selected by purposive sampling. The dependent variable was the postpartum depression. The independent variables were age, education, income, ANC visit, number of children, parity, unwanted pregnancy, type of labor, family support, domestic violence, and stress. Postpartum depression was measured by Endinburgh postnatal depression scale. Psychological stress was measured by Kessler psychological distress scale. The other variables were collected by questionnaire. The data was analyzed by path analysis.Results: Postpartum depression was directly and positively affected by type of labor (b = 3.85; 95% CI= 0.16 to 7.54; p = 0.041), stress (b= 3.53; 95% CI= 0.34 to 6.72; p= 0.030), parity (b= 4.01; 95% CI= 0.04 to 7.98; p= 0.048), unwanted pregnancy (b= 9.43; 95% CI= 1.51 to 17.3; p= 0.019). It was directly and negatively affected by number of children (b = -5.05; 95% CI= -10 to -0.02; p = 0.049), family support (b= -3.73; 95% CI= -6.98 to -0.50; p= 0.024), and ANC visit (b = -8.18; 95% CI= -15.3 to -1.00; p= 0.026). Postpartum depression was indirectly affected by education, income, domestic violence, and age.Conclusion: Postpartum depression is directly and positively affected by type of labor, stress, parity, unwanted pregnancy. It is directly and negatively affected by number of children, family support, and ANC visit. Postpartum depression is indirectly affected by education, income, domestic violence, and age.Keywords: Postpartum depression, domestic violence, path analysisCorrespondence: Sri Widarti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: widacorset@gmail.com.Mobile: 082135814923.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(5): 358-368https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.05.10
Path Analysis on the Biological and Social-Economic Determinants of Anemia in Pregnant Mothers in Bantul, Yogyakarta Reso, Mulya Cunda Ratu; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Ratna; Budihastuti, Uki Retno
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 6 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Anemia in pregnant women is one of the public health problems that is still considered as a serious problem. The most important things in handling cases of anemia in pregnant women is to pay attention to biological and socio-economic factors in pregnant women. This study aimed to determine the effect of biological and socio-economic factors on the incidence of anemia among pregnant women.Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Bambanglipuro community health center, Bantul, Yogyakarta, from March to April 2019. A sample of 200 pregnant women was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was anemia. The independent variables were age, gestational age, parity, birth spacing, education, income, adherence to iron tablet consumption, contraceptive use before pregnancy, dietary pattern, and body mass index (BMI). The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: The risk of anemia in pregnant women was directly and positively affected by education <Senior high school (b=1.92; 95% CI=0.67 to 3.17; p=0.003), age <20 or ≥35 years old (b=1.27; 95% CI= 0.09 to 2.46; p=0.036), parity ≥3 times (b=1.57; 95% CI= 0.42 to 2.72; p=0.007), birth spacing <2 years (b=2.58; 95% CI= 1.23 to 3.93; p<0.001), gestational age (II and III trimesters) (b=2.07; 95% CI=0.69 to 3.45; p=0.003), BMI <18.5 (b=3.21; 95% CI=1.98 to 4.44; p<0.001), and irregular iron tablet consumption (b=1.46; 95% CI=0.31 to 2.62; p=0.013). It was indirectly affected by education, history of contraceptive use, dietary pattern, and family income.Conclusion: The risk of anemia in pregnant women is directly and positively affected by education <Senior high school, age <20 or ≥35 years old, parity ≥3 times, birth spacing <2 years, gestational age (II and III trimesters), BMI <18.5, and irregular iron tablet consumption. It is indirectly affected by education, history of contraceptive use, dietary pattern, and family income.Keywords: anemia, iron tablet consumption, dietary pattern, path analysis Correspondence: Mulya Cunda Ratu Reso. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: mulyacund@gmail.com. Mobile: 08213­8095480Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(6): 23-34https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.06.03 
Psychological and Social Determinants of HIV: Path Analysis Evidence from Jepara, Central Java Puspita, Ita Fijanah; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Widyaningsih, Vitri
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: HIV/AIDS was a global problem as a challenge in health discipline and a very important burden of disease to be addressed. Moreover, it had high mortality. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for HIV/AIDS infection.Subjects and Method: This was a case control study conducted in Jepara, Central Java, from April to May 2019. A sample of 200 study subjects was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was HIV/AIDS. The independent variables were age, gender, unsafe sex behavior, sexual orientation, frequency of intercourse, injection drug abuse, social capital, perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived threat, self-efficacy, and geographical location. The data were obtained from medical record and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: HIV / AIDS had a direct relationship with the frequency of sexual intercourse (b= 1.23; 95% CI= 0.27 to 2.19; p= 0.012), injecting drug use (b = 2.19; 95% CI= 0.01 to 4.37; p= 0.049), behavior unsafe sex (b= 3.10; 95% CI= 2.21 to 3.99; p <0.001), and sexual orientation (b= 3.69; 95% CI= 1.35 to 6.04; p= 0.002). HIV / AIDS had an indirect relationship with perceptions of threats, gender, geographical location, social capital, perceptions of vulnerability, perception of seriousness, self-efficacy, and age.Conclusions: HIV / AIDS has a direct relationship with the frequency of sexual relations, sexual orientation, unsafe sexual behavior, and injecting drug use. HIV / AIDS has an indirect relationship with age, gender, perception of vulnerability, perception of seriousness, perception of threats, self-efficacy, social capital, and geographical location.Keywords: HIV / AIDS, sexual behavior, social capital, path analysisCorrespondence: Ita Fijanah Puspita, Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: itapuspita713@gmail.com. Mobile: 081347970482.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2019), 4(1): 43-54https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2019.04.01.05
Factors Affecting the Use of Visual Inspection Acetic Acid Test: Multilevel Analysis on the Contextual Effect of Health Center Kholifah, Siti; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Cervical cancer is one of the deadliest diseases that are a major cause of female mor­bidity and mortality in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the effect of health cen­ters on the use of visual inspection acetic acid (VIA) tests using social cognitive theory.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional design, conducted at 25 community health centers (Puskesmas) in Surakarta and Karanganyar, Central Ja­va, Indonesia. A sample of 225 married women at reproductive age was selected by random sam­pling. The dependent variable was the use of VIA test. The independent variables at level 1 were intention, self-efficacy, attitude, outcome expectation, imitation, type of contraceptive method, dis­tan­ce to health service, belief, and time to attend health services. Puskesmas was independent va­ri­able at level 2. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel logistic regre­s­sion.Results: The use of VIA tests was positively affected by intention (b= 1.25; 95% CI= 0.30 to -2.13; p= 0.010), attitude (b= 1.25; 95% CI = 0.30 to -2.13; p= 0.010), outcome expectation (b= 0.86; 95% CI= -0.89 to -0.19; p= 0.076), imitation (b= 1.58; 95% CI= 0.62 to 2.54; p= 0.001), intra ute­ri­ne device (b= 1.55; 95% CI= 0.65 to 2.45; p= 0.001), distance (b= 1.39; 95% CI= 0.44 to 2.34; p = 0.004), self-efficacy (b= 1.11; 95% CI= 0.26 to 1.97; p= 0.011), trust in health service (b= 1.84; 95% CI= 0.87 to 2.81; p <0.001), and spare time to attend health center (b = 0.76; 95% CI = -0.11 to 1.64; p= 0.090). Puskesmas accreditation status had contextual effect on the use of VIA tests with ICC= 30.68%.Conclusion: The use of VIA tests was positively affected by intention, attitude, outcome expec­ta­tion, imitation, intrauterine device, distance, self-efficacy, trust in health service, and spare time to attend health center. Puskesmas accreditation status had contextual effect on the use of VIA tests.Keywords: visual inspection acetic acid, social cognitive theory, multilevel analysisCorrespondence: Siti Kholifah. Masters Program in Public Heath, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: olifkholifah53@gmail.com. Mobile: 081575644051.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2019), 4(1): 1-11https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2019.04.01.01
Path Analysis on the Determinants of Visual Inspection Acetic Acid Utilization on Early Detection of Cervical Cancer: Application of Health Belief Model Theory Sunarta, Elfania Arumma; Sulaeman, Endang Sutisna; Budihastuti, Uki Retno
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Cervical cancer was a serious health problem for women and VIA screening provided many benefits to women, which was to detect early cervical cancer. This study aimed to de­ter­mine the determinants that influence the use of VIA with the theory of Health Belief Model on women of reproductive age.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control approach, con­ducted in the working area of Wongsorejo Public Health Center, Banyuwangi, East Java from March to April 2019. The sampling technique used was Fixed Disease Sampling, with a ratio of 1:3. Sam­ples from 150 women reproductive age who had not used VIA screening and 50 women who had conducted VIA screening. Independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, cues to action, self-efficacy, knowledge, attitudes, access to services and husband's support. The dependent variable was the use of VIA. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: The use of VIA screening was directly affected and has a positive effect on perceived vul­ne­rability (b= 1.45; CI 95%= 0.50 to 2.40; p= 0.003), perceived severity (b= 0.86; CI 95%= -0.16 to 1.88; p= 0.099), perceived benefit (b= 1.61; CI 95%= 0.52 to 2.68; p= 0.003), cues to ac­tion (b= 1.21; CI 95%= 0.05 to 2.37; p= 0.040), high efficacy (b= 1.26; CI 95%= 0.27 to 2.26; p= 0.012), attitude (b= 1.83; CI 95%= 0.81 up to 2.85) and husband support (b= 1.59; CI 95%= 0.63 to 2.55). The use of VIA screening was indirectly influenced by access to health ser­vi­ces and knowledge.Conclusion: The use of VIA screening was directly influenced by perceived vulnerability, per­cei­ved severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to act, self-efficacy, attitude and husband sup­port. And it was indirectly influenced by access to services and knowledge.Keywords: VIA, Cervical Cancer, Health Belief Model, Path AnalysisCorrespondence: Elfania Arumma Sunarta. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: elfaniaas@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282272434301Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2019), 4(1): 32-42https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2019.04.01.04
Effect of Menopause on Quality of Life: Path Analysis from Ponorogo East Jawa Chintya, Shally Ayu; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Adriani, Rita Benya
Indonesian Journal of Medicine Vol 4, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Menopause is a biological process in women which is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decrease in hormone levels that cause symptoms that can affect quality of life. This study aims to determine the impact of menopause and other factors that influence the qu­a­lity of life in women.Subjects and Method: This study was observational analytic with a case control approach. The stu­dy was conducted in six health centers in Ponorogo Regency, East Java in March to April 2019. The total sample of 225 women aged 40 to 64 years was divided between 2 grou included menopausal as case group and non-me­nopausal as control groups based on purposive sampling. The dependent variable was quality of life. The independent variables were menopause, hot flush, an­­xi­ety, in­som­nia, vaginal dryness, and family intimacy. Quality of life is measured by the SF-36 (Short Form Health Survey). Anxiety was measured by Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Insomnia was me­asured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The collection of other variables was conducted using ques­tion­naires and analyzed using path analysis.Results: The decrease in quality of life was directly and negatively affected by menopause (b = -0.72; 95% CI = -1.39 to -0.05; p = 0.034), hot flush (b = -0.72; 95% CI = -1.34 to -0.07; p = 0.028), in­­som­nia (b = -0.79; 95% CI = -1.43 to -0.16; p = 0.014), anxiety (b = -1.75; 95% CI = -3.09 to -0.47; p = 0.011), and drought vagina (b = -1.01; 95% CI = -1.65 to -0.37; p = 0.002). Women with high family intimacy can improve quality of life and are positive (b = 1.32; 95% CI = 0.69 to 1.95; p <0.001).Conclusions: The decreased quality of life in women is directly affected by menopause, hot flush, in­somnia, anxiety, and vaginal dryness. High family intimacy improves quality of life. Family flush, anxiety, and family intimacy have indirect effects on quality of life. Keywords: quality of life, menopause, path analysisCorrespondence: Shally Ayu Chintya, Public Health Master’s Program, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah. Email: shallyayuchintya@yahoo.co.id. Mobile: 087702640660Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(2): 155-164https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.02.09 
Co-Authors -, Kartika ., Darto Abdurahman Laqif Abdurahman Laqif Abdurahman Laqif Abida Zuhra Jatiningtyas Adhimukti, Fahmi Agung Sari Wijayanti Agustina, Devita Alfi Marita Tristiarti Alfi Marita Tristiarti Alfi Marita Tristiarti Ali Djamhuri Alifa, Rosita Ambar Mudigdo Amir, Nikmah Ayu Ramadhani Angelia Ratnasari, Affi Anggraeni, Asih Anik Lestari Anik Lestari Annang Giri Moelyo Argyo Demartoto, Argyo Arianty, Meike Arifiana, Ratna Arifin, Ayu Kusuma Puspasari Aris Sudiyanto Armadhani, Riska Asih Anggraeni Astuti, Susiana Yuni Bachtiar, Harrys Besar, Dwi Sakti Berlian Bhisma Murti Cahyono Hadi Chintya, Shally Ayu Cut Sheira Elnita Damalita, Annisa Fitriana Damayanti, Siti Darto Darto Darto Darto - Darto . Darto . Darto Darto Debree Septiawan Dewanto Suryoningrat Dewi, Rizqa Kartika Dewi, Yulia Lanti Ratna Dewi, Yulia Lanti Ratna Dian Asih Ning Utami Dian Kusumawardani Dian Kusumawardani Dian Rahmawati Diani Octaviyanti Handajani Didik Gunawan Tamtomo Didik Tamtomo, Didik Dwi Apriyanti Endang Sutisna Endang Sutisna Sulaeman Eriana Melinawati Eric Edwin Yuliantara Erin Rizkiana Ermawati, Dwi Hesti Ertiana, Dwi Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari Fahsan, Fatmiyanti Farras Wahdan, Arib Fatmawati, Zeny Fauzia, Raina Lola Fazrina, Gina Firdausia, Shalsabilla Tiara Fitria Wulandari Frafitasari, Dika Yanuar Habibatullah, Afifa Intifadha Hadi, Cahyono Hadianti, Ayunita Dwi Hafi Nurinasari Hafiizha, Attahira Amalia Hafiizha, Atthahira Amalia Handriani, Winei Haniah, Alfi Zamilul Hanifah, Rofi'atul Hanifah, Rofi’atul Harsono Salimo Harsono Salimo Hastuti, Tri Ari Hermawan Udiyanto Heru Priyanto Heru Priyanto Hidayah, Fristyaningrum Ida Nurwati Ilmiyah, Desy Eka Indradewa, Rhian Jannah, Ahadyah Miftahul Jannah, Ahadyah Miftahul Jatiningtyas, Abida Zuhra Jayanti, Saktryana Endang Ragil Juhrotun Nisa, Juhrotun Kunaryanti, Kunaryanti Kunaryanti, Kunaryanti Kusnandar Kusnandar Laqif, Abdurahman Lunardhi Susanto Lutfiana Puspita Sari Maghfiroh, Ainul Mahendra Wijaya Mahendra Wijaya Marbun, Yohan Pamuji Marliana, Wiwit Martaningrum, Herlina Ika Metanolia Sukmawati Mufidah, Amatullah Muhammad Adrianes Bachnas Mulyoto Pangestu Murdikawati, Dayang Fitri Murdikawati, Dayang Fitri Mushthafa, Mufti Mutiara, Bunga Ngudi Insan Ksyatria, Yudhistira Ningrum, Sintia Ayu Ningsih, Hepti Widia Nugrahani, Rosi Rizqi Nurul Qomariah Nurul Wahidah Nutria Widya Purna Anggraini Octavia, Dhamayanti Eka Ode, Diana Oktaviani, Anisa Sevi Pamungakasari, Eti Poncorini Pawito -, Pawito Pertiwi, Mumpuni Intan Poncorini, Eti Prasetya, Hanung Prastyoningsih, Aris Prisasanti, Dympna Prameilita Puspita, Ita Fijanah Putriarsih, Ryanawati Qadrijati, Isna Qomariah, Nur Laili Quinita M. J. Noronha Rahardjo, Setyo Sri Rahayu, Baiq Zulvita Rahayu, Putu Sri Rahmadani, Latifah Nur Rakano Kautsar Dwiyana Rantasari, Affi Angelia Ratih Sakti Prastiwi Ratih Sakti Prastiwi, Ratih Sakti Ratna Dewi Permatasari Ratnasari, Affi Angelia Regita, Immanuela Maria Reso, Mulya Cunda Ratu Reso, Mulya Cunda Ratu Retno, Yulia Lanti Ria, Matilda Bupu Riawati, Meida Siwi Risang Bhaskoro Rita Adriani Benya Adriani Rizkiani, Inne Rofi’atul Hanifah Saputra, Ricky Bernadi Sari, Arum Dessy Rahma Sari, Lutfiana Puspita Sari, Prafista Wulan Satria, Yohanes Aditya Adhi Selvia Febrianti Septiana, Yesika Cahya Simarmata, Imelda Dearni Simarmata, Imelda Dearni SITI KHOLIFAH Siti Munawaroh Siti Nur Hidayati Soetrisno Soetrisno Sri Sulistyowati Sri Sulistyowati Sri Sulistyowati Sri Sulistyowati Sri Widarti, Sri Sringatin, Sringatin Suci Arsita Sari Sulistyoningrum, Indah SUMIYATI SUMIYATI Sunarta, Elfania Arumma Suparno, Amalia Ulfah Supriyadi Hari Respati Supriyadi Hari Respati Supriyadi Hari Respati Tanti Arianti Teguh Prakosa, Teguh Teha, Zadia Dara Cynintya Tri Nugraha Susilawati Verasita, Prissy Vitri Widyaningsih Wardana, Aisyah Puspa Wardhani, Anindyah Tri Lhaksmi Kusuma Wasyanto, Trisulo Wesliaprilius, Todung Antony Wijayanti, Agung Sari Wisnu Prabowo WISNU PRABOWO Wulandari, Rizqi Amalia Wulandari, Umianita Risca yulia lanti retno dewi Yulyanti, Yulyanti