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CHALLENGES FACED BY MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN NAVIGATING LEGAL FRAMEWORKS, CULTURAL DIFFERENCES, AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES [TANTANGAN YANG DIHADAPI PERUSAHAAN MULTINASIONAL DALAM MENGHADAPI KERANGKA HUKUM, PERBEDAAN BUDAYA, DAN ISU ETIKA DI NEGARA BERKEMBANG] Hayatul Khairul Rahmat
Al-Ihtiram: Multidisciplinary Journal of Counseling and Social Research Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Ahli Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59027/al-ihtiram.v4i1.1057

Abstract

Multinational corporations (MNCs) face various challenges when operating in developing countries, particularly regarding varying legal frameworks, cultural differences, and complex ethical issues. In these environments, companies must ensure compliance with international laws while respecting local customs. The biggest challenges include differences in data privacy regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) in the United States. Additionally, significant cultural differences in communication styles and business etiquette between high-context and low-context cultures complicate operations. Ethical issues, such as gift-giving or facilitation payments that are considered unethical under international standards, add to the dilemma. Therefore, multinational companies must develop robust compliance policies, enhance cultural intelligence, and ensure adherence to global ethical principles to succeed in international markets.
ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF OUTSOURCING AND OFFSHORING IN GLOBAL BUSINESS PRACTICES: IMPACTS ON LOCAL ECONOMIES, LABOR RIGHTS, AND THE ENVIRONMENT [IMPLIKASI ETIS DARI OUTSOURCING DAN OFFSHORING DALAM PRAKTIK BISNIS GLOBAL: DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP EKONOMI LOKAL, HAK PEKERJA, DAN LINGKUNGAN] Hayatul Khairul Rahmat
Al-Ihtiram: Multidisciplinary Journal of Counseling and Social Research Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Ahli Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59027/al-ihtiram.v4i1.1058

Abstract

Outsourcing and offshoring are critical international business strategies for enhancing cost efficiency and expanding global markets. However, these practices carry significant ethical implications, particularly concerning local economies, labor rights, and environmental standards. While offshoring can stimulate economic growth in developing countries by creating jobs and transferring technology, it often results in economic inequality, labor exploitation, and environmental degradation. Additionally, outsourcing frequently involves violations of labor rights, such as low wages and poor working conditions, as well as negative environmental impacts due to weaker regulations in host countries. This study aims to explore the ethical impacts of outsourcing and offshoring, and the role of regulatory mechanisms and ethical guidelines in mitigating the negative effects of these practices.
STRATEGI TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL PT HAKHARA AKADEMIA INDONESIA: ANALISIS KESENJANGAN KONDISI KINI DAN KONDISI SASARAN Muhammad Firjatullah Nur Akbar; Hayatul Khairul Rahmat
Al-Ihtiram: Multidisciplinary Journal of Counseling and Social Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Ahli Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59027/00dy2h62

Abstract

Most digital maturity models are built for large manufacturers and stop at assigning a score without producing actionable strategic output, which is precisely what resource-constrained service firms need. This study formulates a digital transformation strategy for PT Hakhara Akademia Indonesia through gap analysis between current and target states. A descriptive qualitative single case study assessed five dimensions across nineteen indicators on a five-level maturity scale, drawing on in-depth interviews with ten informants, document review, and three weeks of direct observation, triangulated to set each indicator value. Target state was agreed in a workshop and dimension weights derived from pairwise comparison with a consistency ratio of 0.051. Weighted maturity stood at 2.37 against a target of 3.80. Technology and infrastructure scored highest at 2.75 while data and analytics scored lowest at 1.80, so the binding constraint is governance rather than technology. Weighting reordered priorities, placing digital strategy and leadership first, and a three-stage roadmap with interim maturity targets is proposed. 
Prediksi Jumlah Penduduk Malaysia Berdasarkan Faktor Demografi dan Etnis Menggunakan Metode Random Forest Nurkholis Nurkholis; Andri Nofiar. Am; Hayatul Khairul Rahmat; Rahmad Akbar
Jurnal Elektronika dan Teknik Informatika Terapan ( JENTIK ) Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): Desember: Jurnal Elektronika dan Teknik Informatika Terapan (JENTIK)
Publisher : Politeknik Kampar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59061/jentik.v3i4.1550

Abstract

Accurate population prediction is essential for development planning, particularly in multiethnic countries such as Malaysia, yet conventional statistical approaches generally do not explicitly incorporate ethnic composition. This study aims to develop a population prediction model for Malaysia using a Random Forest Regressor that accounts for demographic factors and the composition of six ethnic groups. Historical data from 16 Malaysian states spanning 1981–2025 (673 state-year observations) were processed through feature engineering, including population lag variables, growth rate, and ethnic proportions, yielding 21 independent variables. The model was trained using a time-aware train-test split (80% training, 20% testing) and validated with 5-fold time series cross-validation. Results on the test set (2020–2025) showed strong performance, with R² = 0.9769, RMSE = 259 thousand people, MAE = 97 thousand people, and sMAPE = 3.17%. Feature importance analysis revealed that the previous year’s population (pop_lag1) and gender composition were the most dominant predictors. Projections indicate Malaysia’s population will reach approximately 38.5 million by 2030. These findings demonstrate that Random Forest with demographic-ethnic features can produce more accurate population predictions, providing a data-driven policy support tool for the Malaysian government.
PENGGUNAAN LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KLASIKAL GUNA MENINGKATKAN LITERASI KEBENCANAAN BAGI SISWA [USING CLASSICAL GUIDANCE SERVICES TO IMPROVE DISASTER LITERACY FOR STUDENTS] Hayatul Khairul Rahmat
Al-Ihtiram: Multidisciplinary Journal of Counseling and Social Research Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Ahli Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59027/alihtiram.v2i2.500

Abstract

This research aims to examine the use of classical guidance services to increase disaster literacy among students. This research uses qualitative research methods with a literature study approach. The findings from this research are that classical guidance services are a preventive strategy carried out by a guidance and counseling teacher to help students face problems that arise in the future and also prepare students to face things. In this case, in order to increase disaster literacy, classical guidance services can equip students to know information about disasters and have awareness of potential disasters that will occur so that they can prepare themselves and know how to deal with disasters.
MENGURAI KONSEP PENDEKATAN HERMEUNITIKA DAN FENOMENOLOGIS DALAM KAJIAN ISLAM: SEBUAH STUDI LITERATUR [UNRAVELING THE CONCEPT OF HERMENEUTICAL AND PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN ISLAMIC STUDIES: A LITERATURE STUDY] Hayatul Khairul Rahmat; M. Zidny Nafi’ Hasbi
Al-Ihtiram: Multidisciplinary Journal of Counseling and Social Research Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Ahli Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59027/al-ihtiram.v3i2.860

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the hermeneutic and phenomenological approaches in Islamic studies. This study uses a library method. The application of hermeneutic and phenomenological methods in Islamic studies involves an interpretive approach to understanding and interpreting sacred texts and religious phenomena. In this study, researchers will use practical steps to apply methods such as in-depth text analysis, historical, social, and cultural context tracing, and the application of hermeneutic and phenomenological principles.
NAVIGATING THE FOUR MARKET STRUCTURES: INSIGHTS INTO FIRM PRICING AND STRATEGY [MENAVIGASI EMPAT STRUKTUR PASAR: WAWASAN TENTANG STRATEGI PENETAPAN HARGA DAN PERUSAHAAN] Hayatul Khairul Rahmat
Al-Ihtiram: Multidisciplinary Journal of Counseling and Social Research Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Ahli Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59027/al-ihtiram.v3i2.1043

Abstract

The study of market structures is a key aspect of microeconomic theory as it provides a framework for understanding firm behaviors and outcomes. Market structure refers to the characteristics and organization of a market that influence how firms set prices, determine output levels, and maximize profits. This paper discusses the four main market structures: perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. Each market structure differs in terms of the number of firms, the degree of product differentiation, barriers to entry, and information transparency, all of which shape pricing strategies and firms' ability to sustain or maximize profits. The study also analyzes how firms' pricing strategies are influenced by each market structure and the real-world implications of these theoretical models in practice.
MEMBANGUN KETAHANAN FINANSIAL KELUARGA MUSLIM: PENGARUH RELIGIUSITAS TERHADAP PERILAKU PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN Hayatul Khairul Rahmat; A Said Hasan Basri; Mursalim Mursalim; Yedi Sispurwanto
Al-Ihtiram: Multidisciplinary Journal of Counseling and Social Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Ahli Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59027/al-ihtiram.v5i1.1406

Abstract

Muslim families in Indonesia face increasingly complex financial pressures, ranging from rising living costs to the high prevalence of problematic online lending, making the ability to manage household finances soundly an urgent need. Religiosity is believed to be an important driver of responsible financial behavior, yet the mechanism and strength of its influence on family financial management behavior remain mixed in the literature. This study aims to analyze the influence of religiosity on Muslim family financial management behavior, both directly and through the mediation of Islamic financial literacy. This study employed a quantitative causal-explanatory approach with a cross-sectional survey design involving 320 heads of households/spouses responsible for managing household finances in the urban areas of Greater Jakarta, Greater Bandung, and Greater Surabaya, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire adapting the Centrality of Religiosity Scale, a basic Islamic financial literacy instrument, and a financial management behavior instrument adjusted to the Sharia context, then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The measurement model results indicate that all constructs are valid and reliable (loading factor > 0.60; AVE > 0.50; composite reliability > 0.70). Hypothesis testing results show that religiosity has a positive and significant effect on Islamic financial literacy (β = 0.54, p < .001) and directly on family financial management behavior (β = 0.31, p < .001), Islamic financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on family financial management behavior (β = 0.42, p < .001), and Islamic financial literacy partially mediates the effect of religiosity on family financial management behavior (indirect effect β = 0.227, p < .001), with a total effect of 0.537. These findings confirm that religiosity fosters healthier family financial behavior particularly when accompanied by adequate Islamic financial literacy, rather than through religious belief alone without sufficient financial knowledge.
KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL SEBAGAI SOLUSI PENGEMBANGAN KONSEP SMART CITY MENUJU ERA SOCIETY 5.0: SEBUAH KAJIAN LITERATUR [TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AS A SOLUTION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SMART CITY CONCEPT IN THE SOCIETY ERA: A LITERATURE REVIEW] Rayhand Putra Ardinata; Hayatul Khairul Rahmat; Frans Serano Andres; W Waryono
Al-Ihtiram: Multidisciplinary Journal of Counseling and Social Research Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Mei
Publisher : Perkumpulan Ahli Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59027/alihtiram.v1i1.206

Abstract

The emergence of the concept of the era of society 5.0 which is a development of the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 which puts people forward as a source of innovation and cannot be separated from technology makes human problems in urban areas easier to solve, one of which is the concept of a smart city. To realize a smart city requires an innovative and transformative leader. Therefore, this paper aims to examine transformational leadership as a solution for developing the smart city concept in the era of society 5.0. The writing method used is a literature study. The findings of this study are transformational leadership or known as smart integrated leadership is one solution to realize the smart city concept in the era of society 5.0 because this leadership model is able to bring change to the era of society 5.0 by prioritizing three important aspects, namely smart people, smart governance and smart infrastructure, technology and environment.
PERAN KONSELOR LINTAS AGAMA DAN BUDAYA SEBAGAI PROBLEM SOLVING MASYARAKAT MULTIBUDAYA [THE ROLE OF CROSS-RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL COUNSELORS AS A MULTI-CULTURAL COMMUNITY SOLVING PROBLEM] Afifatuz Zakiyah; Hayatul Khairul Rahmat; Nurus Sa&#039;adah
Al-Ihtiram: Multidisciplinary Journal of Counseling and Social Research Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022): Mei
Publisher : Perkumpulan Ahli Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59027/alihtiram.v1i1.207

Abstract

This research is motivated because the condition of Indonesia as a country that is rich in culture, of course, results in different patterns of life in society, so it is necessary to have a facilitator who can facilitate the unrest of the community. Therefore, this study aims to determine the role of interfaith and cultural counselors as problem solving in a multicultural society. This research uses a literature study approach. Sources of data that will be used as material for this research are books, journals, and internet sites related to the chosen topic. In this study, after the data was collected, the data was analyzed to get a conclusion. The results of this study are that religious and cultural sensitive counselors are counselors who must have awareness in knowing their own culture in all respects. Therefore, it is understood that what can influence the mindset, actions and feelings of a counselee can come from every culture. A counselor must be able to find the right approach or according to the characteristics of the counselee and should not force the counselee to follow the cultural values that the counselor wants. Therefore, the role of the counselor must really understand the characteristics of the counselee in terms of religion and culture.
Co-Authors A Said Hasan Basri A Said Hasan Basri A Said Hasan Basri A. Said Hasan Basri Abdul Rahman Alfarasyi Achmad Muafi Ikhsan Adhi Kusumadjati Adib Mahdi Fadil Adriyanto, Agus Afifatuz Zakiyah Agung Priambodo Agung Priambodo Agung Prihantoro Ahmad Aldizar Akbar Ainun Najib Ainun Najib Akbar, Ahmad Aldizar Akhmad Unggul Priantoro Akilah, Maysa Alamsyah, Achmad Nurfikri Alawiyah, Desi Aldri Frinaldi Amanda Fiorella Amri, Andi Andi Ahmad Aminullah Andri Nofiar Am Andri Nofiar. Am Angelina Putri Chetwynd Anggraini, Wulan Annisa Cahyani Antoni Pribadi Anwar Kurniadi Anwar, Moh Khoerul Aprilyanto, A Apud Mahpudin, Apud Ardinata, Rayhand Putra Arief Budiarto Arief Budiarto Arief Wibowo Arif, Fadli Arif, Rachmat Arifuddin Ukhsan Aritonang, Kristian Asep Mulyana Ayu Wahyuningtyas Ayu Wahyuningtyas Azizoel Metiadini Banjarnahor, Joshua Barokat Mamah Billah, Mhd. Adil Almu'tasim Bimantara, M. Aji Bullion Dragon C Casmini C Casmini CAHYANI, ANNISA Casmini, C Daivy Atiya Advisa Danhas, Mardayeli Darojah, Indah Dasman Lanin Deni Dadang Ahmad Rajab Desi Wulandari, Desi Diane Tanti Poli Diar Budi Utama Didik Hariyadi Raharjo Dinda Rahma Dewi Dirhamsyah Dirhamsyah Dwiningtias, Hamidah Dzulhijjah Yetti Efendi, Azil Akbar Efendi, Nofriza Endah Sri Wahyuni Eri Barlian Eri Barlian Fachrin, Rachma Deli Fadhiil Ali Hakim Fajar Agung Mulia Farras Muhammad Nouval Fathin Aulia Rahman Febrina, Intan Ferra Puspito Sari Fitri Andrianti Indah Gustaman Fitri Andrianti Indah Gustaman Fitri Andrianti Indah Gustaman Fran Serano Andres Fran Serano Andres Ganbat, Munkhzul Gustaman, Fitri Andrianti Indah H Hasrian H Hasrian habibie, indra Habibullah, Abdi Naufal Hani Syarifah Hariswati Rachmadani Putri Harmi Yelmi Hasanah, Mutiara Hasbi, M. Zidny Nafi’ Hasrian Hasrian Hasrian, Hasrian Heldi Heldi Heldi Heldi, Heldi Hendrawan Bayu Prewito Hendro Pratikno Hendro Pratikno Heru Yoga Pamungkas Hidayah, Maulidatul Hiram, Taqwa Putra Budi Purnomo Sidi I Dewa Ketut Kerta Widana I Wayan Yuliarta Ilham Saputra Indah Rahayu Lestari Intan Febrina Irma Sianipar Irza Cahaya Iswati, Heni Ithvi Marhamah Jargalsaikhan, Tungsuu Joshua Banjarhanor Joshua Banjarnahor Khairunnisa Adri Kurniawan, Gilang M Mulkiyan M. Adnan Madjid M. Aji Bimantara M. Hisni Alfan Baarik M. Yogi Riyantama Isjoni M. Zidny Nafi’ Hasbi M. Zuhnir Piliang Ma'ruf, Aceng Muhammad Mahfud Ma'rufah, Nurbaiti Mamah, Barokat Mardayeli Danhas Mardyah, Suci marhamah, ithvi Marlina Hidayat Miftah Ali Miftahul Huda Fendiyanto Miftahul Huda Fendiyanto Mo Awwanah Moh Khoerul Anwar Moh Khoerul Anwar Moh. Rifaldi Muhamad Syazali Muhammad Firjatullah Nur Akbar Muhammad Sarip Kodar Mulia, Fajar Agung Mursalim Mursalim Muthi’ah Alfiyah Yamin Mutia Meireni Mutia Meireni Mutiara Hasanah Muzaki, Akhmad N Nurhadiyanta N Nurjannah Nava, Lilian Nethania Nayadi, Armetha Nethania Nava, Lilian Niazi, Hakam Ali Nina Veronika Nora Andira Brabo Noviandri Nrangwesthi Widyaningrum Nrangwesthi Widyaningrum Nur Asma Deli Nur Asma Deli Nur Asma Deli Nur Hidayatul Hafidzah Nurbaiti Ma&#039;rufah Nurbaiti Ma&#039;rufah Nurbaiti Marufah Nurbit Nurbit Nurkholis Nurkholis Nurmalasari, Ela Nurmalasari, Ela Nurmita, Septia Nurus Sa&#039;adah Octari Annisa Octora Br. Turnip, Mariana Oni Arizal Bastian Pernanda, Syahti Pernanda, Syahti Pratiwi, Suandara Priyana, Winda Puryanti, Lina Dwi Putra, Amal Ramadhani Qodariah, Qodariah R Rahmanisa R Rahmanisa Rachma Deli Fachrin Rahmad Akbar Rahmat Basuki Ramadhan, Denis Ramadhani, Rizkia Mutiara Ramadhani, Rizqisani Rayhand Putra Ardinata Rayhand Putra Ardinata Rembrandt, R Retnaningtiyas Susanti Retno Fuji Oktaviani Rezki Masda Putra Rezki Masda Putra Rezki Putra Rezkillah, Nafil Rini Amelia, Rini Rinny Meidiyustiani Risma Suryani Purwanto Rizkia Mutiara Ramadhani Rizkia Mutiara Ramadhani Rizqi Qurnia Zary Rusdi, Lathifatuddini Sa'adah, Nurus Saputra, Ilham Setiawati, Suci Silvia Silvia Silvia Silvia Siregar, Ewi Sarlina Siswo Hadi Sumantri Siswo Hadi Sumantri Siti Masrohatin Siti Subaidah Sri Kartika Sakti Sri Wahyuni Sri Wahyuni Sri Wanda Wahyuni Sri Wanda Wahyuni Suandara Pratiwi Suandara Pratiwi Suandara Pratiwi Subiyanto, Adi Suci Mardyah Suhailah, Roshikah Wafa Sumantri, Siswo Hadi Supena, Ence Darmo Jaya Sutikno, Ari Yudha Caesar Syah, Rohman Syahti Pernanda Syahti Pernanda Syamsul Maarif Syamsul Maarif Syifa'ssurur, Muhammad Talolo Muara Taufiq Hidayat Teti Nurhayatul Rahmi Tri Kurniaty Triyoga Budi Prasetyo Vitria Nur Qholiva, Hawa Waryono . Waryono, W Widyaningrum, Nrangwesthi Winda Priyana Yahya Darmawan Yanuar Udianto Kurniadi Yedi Sispurwanto Yoga Febianto Yoga Pamungkas, Heru Yuniartin, Titin Yuphi Handoko Suparmoko Zaen Musyirifin, Zaen Zakiyah, Afifatuz Zelda Palin Ma'dika