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All Journal Jurnal Medik Veteriner Darmabakti Cendekia: Journal of Community Service and Engagements Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction journal of Basic Medical Veterinary Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat (ABDIRA) Communautaire: Journal of Community Service Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir, dan Perikanan Journal of Fisheries & Marine Jurnal Medika Veterinaria
Yeni Dhamayanti
Departemen Anatomi Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Jawa Timur
Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Anatomy of the Uncinate Process in Avian: A Literature Review Dhamayanti, Yeni; Suryadiningrat, Muhammad; Alvaro, Aloisius Primo; Sinaga, Melina Martupauli; Çalışkan, Hakan; Firdausy, Lintang Winantya
Jurnal Medik Veteriner Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): October
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jmv.vol8.iss2.2025.478-488

Abstract

The uncinate process (UP), a dorsocaudal projection from the vertebral ribs, represents a pivotal adaptation in the avian thoracic skeleton, serving as a mechanical brace that enhances respiration and stabilizes the trunk during flight. This literature review synthesizes anatomical, functional, developmental, and evolutionary perspectives on UP morphology across diverse bird taxa. A systematic search spanning 2015–2025 identified 20 relevant studies detailing the structural variability of UPs—categorized as short, intermediate, or long—correlating with flight styles, such as soaring, diving, or terrestrial locomotion. Long UPs, observed in species like penguins and cormorants, are associated with enhanced ventilatory efficiency and thoracic rigidity for high-energy propulsion, while short UPs in flightless birds reflect reduced respiratory demand. Developmental studies reveal ontogenetic shifts from cartilaginous to ossified UPs, aligned with increasing locomotor activity. Evolutionary analysis underscores the UP as a conserved synapomorphy of Aves, with convergent elongation in unrelated taxa emphasizing its functional significance. Structural integration with intercostal musculature and adjacent ribs enables efficient force transmission and thoracic stabilization, vital for maintaining trunk posture during flight. Beyond its evolutionary relevance, UP morphology has practical implications in avian health, surgical ventilation strategies, and bioinspired biomechanical applications. This review highlights the UP as an underappreciated yet essential component of avian musculoskeletal architecture, offering insights into respiratory evolution, ecological adaptation, and comparative vertebrate anatomy. Future investigations should expand morphometric databases and apply high-resolution imaging and biomechanical modeling to further elucidate the functional roles of the UP in avian physiology and evolution.
Co-Authors A. Shofy Mubarak AA Sudharmawan, AA Adikara, Tatang Santanu Aditya Sukma Pawitra Akhsan Panna Alvaro, Aloisius Primo Annise Proboningrat Ardina Sahra Miranda Arimbi Aswin, Ahmad Bambang Poernomo Batubara, Agung Setia Bayram, Muhammet Boedi Setiawan Budi Utomo Çalışkan, Hakan Chozin, Aminullah Alhady Corie Indria Prasasti Delaiah, Diena Dellavia, Yolanda Dimjati Lusno, Muhammad Farid Diyantoro Diyantoro, Diyantoro Falah, Fathi Fiqih, Adam Fahmi Firdausy, Lintang Winantya Hanafi, Ulfiani Fauzia Hani Plumeriastuti Hari Basuki Notobroto Helen Susilowati, Helen Hendarti, Gracia Angelina Hermin Ratnani Hernanda, Ary Setya Hidanah, Sri Irfannur, Irfannur Jassey, Babucarr Kadek Rachmawati Khairunnisa, Hanifa Khansa Khuliyah Candraning Diyanah Kuncorojakti, Suryo Kusnoto Kusnoto, Kusnoto Kusuma Scorpia Lestari, Kusuma Scorpia Kusuma Wardani, Ratnaningtyas Wahyu Lilis Sulistyorini Lukman, Epy Muhammad Luqman, Epy Muhammad Mafruchati, Maslichah Maulana, Firdausy Kurnia Megawati, Neneng Ismi Muliari Muliari Naser, Mhd. Izzan Ningrum, Indah Puspita Novi Dian Arfiani Nursadida, Milla Palupi, Tantri Dyah Widhi Prakoso, Febriyono Anggela Prastiya, Ragil Angga Puji Astuti, Ratna Dwi R Azizah Renaldi, Nogi Retno Adriyani Ririh Yudhastuti Ritonga, Mudhita Zikkrullah Rodprasert, Watchareewan Saleh, Tania Ardiani Sari, Dian Ayu Kartika Sinaga, Melina Martupauli Soeharsono Soeharsono Sofyan, Miayu Soneta Sri Pantja Madyawati, Sri Pantja Suciyono, Suciyono SUDARMAJI SUDARMAJI Suherni Susilowati Suryadiningrat, Muhammad Tri Wahyu Suprayogi Warsito, Sunaryo Hadi Wibawati, Prima Ayu Widiyatno, Thomas Valentinus Widjiati Widjiati, Widjiati Wijaya, Andi Yasmin Yudhana, Aditya Yulianna Puspitasari Yunita, Maya Nurwartanti Yunus, Muchammad Yusrizal Akmal Zahrudin, Elham Zida Husnina Zulkifli, Arief Hidayat