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All Journal International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Jurnal Media Gizi Indonesia (MGI) GIZI INDONESIA AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Indonesian Journal of Medicine Journal of Health Policy and Management Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Journal of Maternal and Child Health Jurnal Pendidikan Kedokteran Indonesia: The Indonesian Journal of Medical Education Journal of Nursing and Public Health (JNPH) Biocaster : Jurnal Kajian Biologi Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman (The Soedirman Journal of Nursing) Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Negeri Surakarta
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health

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The Influence of Personal Factor, Parental Support and Perceived Value of Children on Early Marriage in Trowulan Subdistrict Mojokerto Regency Widiyawati, Rina; Soemanto, RB.; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: According to United Nations Development Economic and Social Affairs, Indonesia is 37th country in the world and 2nd in Southeast Asia after Cambodia with high percentage of early marriage. World Health Organization expects Indonesian government to be more committed to decrease maternal and infant mortality rates as the impacts of early marriage. This study aimed to discover the influence of personal factor, parental support and perceived value of children on early marriage in Trowulan Subdistrict Mojokerto Regency.Subjects and Methods: This was an analytic observational study with case control design. Subjects were women of reproductive age as case (married at the age of ≤20) and control (married at the age of 21-25), each consisted of 60 women. The dependent variable was early marriage and the independent variables were levels of education, premarital sexual behavior, perceived behavioral control, perceived benefits, parental support and perceived value of children. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Perceived behavioral control (b= -1.27; CI 95%= -2.20 to -0.33; p= 0.008), perceived benefits (b= -1.06; CI 95%= -1.97 to -0.16); p= 0.020), parental support (b= -1.28; CI 95%= -2.16 to -0.39); p= 0.005) and perceived value of children (b=- 2.94; CI 95%= -5.20 to -0.68; p= 0.011) had direct influence on early marriage and were statistically significant. The levels of education had indirect influence on early marriage based on the figures of perceived behavioral control (b= 0.92; CI 95%= 0.17 to 1.68; p= 0.016) and perceived benefits (b= 1.31; CI 95%= -0.53 to 2.17; p= 0.001). Sexual behavior was influenced by perceived behavioral control (b= 1.35; CI 95%= 0.52 to 2.17; p= 0.001).Conclusions: Early marriage is influenced by perceived behavioral control, perceived benefits, parental support and perceived value of children. Levels of education influence early marriage based on perceived behavioral control and perceived benefits. Premarital sexual behavior is influenced by perceived behavioral control.Keywords: Personal factor, parental support, perceived value of children, early marriage.Correspondence: Rina Widiyawati. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: gugik.rina@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282330233064.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(1): 65-76https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.01.06
Factors Affecting Infant Formula Feeding in Infants Aged 0-6 Months in Sukoharjo, Central Java Nuralita, Ayunda Yonik; Murti, Bhisma; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Formula feeding in infants aged 0-6 months may increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Formula feeding in Indonesia continues to increase from 15% in 2003 to 79.8% in 2013. To the best of the authors’ knowledge no studies have been done that analyzed the effects of constructs in Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on formula feeding practice. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing formula feeding practice among lactating mothers for their infants aged 0-6 months, using TPB constructs.Subjects and Method: This study was an analytic observational with cross-sectional approach. It was carried out in Sukoharjo District, Central Java, from April to May 2017. A sample of 150 lactating mothers were selected for this study by cluster random sampling. The exogenous variables were the role of health workers, the role of mass media, subjective norm, and maternal education. The endogenous variables were attitudes toward formula feeding, perceived behavioral control, intention, family income, maternal employment status, and formula feeding practice. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Infant formula feeding was directly affected by maternal intention (b=1.96; 95% CI =0.59 to 3.34; p=0.005), perceived behavior control (b=2.24; 95% CI =0.79 to 3.68; p=0.002), family income (b=1.99; 95% CI =0.39 to 3.59; p=0.014), and maternal employment status (b=-2.01; 95% CI =-3.82 to -0.21; p=0.029). Mothers intention was influenced by her attitude (b=1.85; 95% CI=0.58 to 3.12; p=0.004), subjective norm (b=2.98; 95% CI =-0.07 to 6.04; p=0.056), perceived behavior control (b=1.53; 95% CI =0.44 to 2.62; p=0.006), and mass media (b=2.01; 95% CI =0.35 to 3.68; p=0.018). Maternal employment status was influenced by maternal education (b=2.68; 95% CI =1.81 to 3.55; p<0.001). Family income was affected by maternal employment status (b=2.10; 95% CI =1.24 to 2.97; p<0.001). Maternal attitude was influenced by the role of health personnel (b=2.73; 95% CI =0.68 to 4.78; p=0.009). Likewise, maternal perceived behavior control was influenced by the role of health personnel (b=1.03; 95% CI =0.22 to 1.84; p=0.013).Conclusion: Infant formula feeding is directly affected by maternal intention, perceived behavior control, family income, and maternal employment status. Infant formula feeding is indirectly affected by attitude, subjective norm, and the role of health personnel.Keywords: formula feeding, theory of planned behavior, infantCorrespondence: Ayunda Yonik Nuralita. Masters Program in Public Heath, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: ayundayonik91@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285642477205.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(3): 270-283https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.03.08
Multilevel Analysis on the Biosocial and Economic Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Sinta, Prabawati; Salimo, Harsono; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is provided to infants from birth to 6 months of age without supplementary or substitution food and drink. Breastmilk contains nutrients and protective factors that can reduce morbidity and mortality risks of children. This study aimed to determine the effect of maternal nutritional status, parity, employment status, family income, health personnel support, subjective norm, and stratification status of community health center (posyandu), on exclusive breastfeeding in Banjarsari Sub-District, Surakarta.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with cross sectional design. The study was conducted in Banjarsari sub-district, Surakarta, Central Java, from October 17 to November 7, 2017. Twenty five posyandus were selected by stratified random sampling. Of the posyandus selected, 200 lactating mothers were selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was exclusive breastfeeding. The independent variables were maternal nutritional status, parity, employment status, family income, subjective norm, and health personnel support. The data were collected using a set of questionnaire and analyzed by multilevel logistic regression in Stata 13.Results: The likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding increased with better maternal nutritional status (b= 1.65; 95% CI= 0.14 to 3.17; p= 0.032), multi parity (b= 1.72; 95% CI= 0.57 to 2.86; p= 0.003), working outside the house (b= -2.94; 95% CI= -3.99 to -1.88; p= 0.001), higher family income (b= -1.94; 95% CI= -3.13 to -0.76; p= 0.001), strong health personnel support (b= 1.13; 95% CI= 0.02 to 2.25; p= 0.046), and positive subjective norm (b= 1.20; 95% CI= 0.14 to 2.25; p= 0.025). Posyandu showed strong contextual effect on exclusive breastfeeding with intra-class correlation (ICC)= 28.87%.Conclusion: The likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding increases with better maternal nutritional status, multi parity, working outside the house, higher family income, strong health personnel support, and positive subjective norm.Keyword: exclusive breastfeeding, multilevel analysis, maternal nutritional status, parity, employment status, family income, health personnel support, subjective norm, and posyanduCorrespondence: Prabawati Sinta. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A Surakarta. Email: prabawatisinta887@gmail.comJournal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(4): 356-370https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.04.06 
Analysis of Life-Course Factors Influencing Growth and Development in Children under 3 Years Old of Early Marriage Women in Kediri Wulandari, Umianita Risca; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 2, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Children is the future pillar of our nation. As such, children need is important to be fulfilled. Physical, mental, and emotional conditions of mothers during gestation period play an important role in growth and development of children. This study aimed to determine life-course factors influencing growth and development in children under 3 years old of early marriage women.Subjects dan Method: This was an analytic observational study with retrospective cohort design. This study was conducted at Sukorame and Campurejo Health Center, Kediri, East Java, on March, 2017. A sample of 120 children under 3 years old were selected for this study by fixed exposure sampling. The dependent variable was child growth (weight for age) and development. The independent variables were marital age, maternal mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) during pregnancy, gestational age of birth delivery, family stimulation, maternal education, and family income. The data of child weight were measured by scales and recorded in maternal and child health book. The data of other variables were measured by a set of questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Child growth (weight for age) was affected by birthweight (b= 0.07; SE= 0.02; p< 0.001) and family income (b= 0.04; SE= 0.02; p= 0.07). Birthweight was affected by maternal education (b= 2.11; SE= 1.83; p= 0.248), gestational age of birth (b= 0.67; SE= 0.22; p= 0.002), maternal MUAC (b= 1.46; SE= 0.24; p= 0.002), and family income (b= 0.22; SE= 0.09, p= 0.012). Family income was affected by marital age (b= 0.68; SE= 0.073; p<0.001). Maternal MUAC during pregnancy was affected by marital age (b= 0.12, SE= 0.03, p<0.001). Maternal education was affected by marital age (b=0.01; SE=0.001; p= 0.002). Family stimulation was affected by family income (b= 0.75, SE= 0.26, p= 0.003). Child development was affected by marital age (b= 0.07, SE= 0.02, p= 0.001), family stimulation (b= 0.02; SE= 0.01; p<0.001), and birthweight (b<0.001; SE<0.001; p= 0.373).Conclusion: Child growth of under 3 years old (weight for age) is directly affected by birthweight and family income, and indirectly affected by some other factors. Child development is directly affected by marital age, family stimulation, and birthweight, and indirectly affected by some other factors.Keywords: life-course, growth, development, children under 3 years oldCorrespondence: Umianita Risca Wulandari. Masters Program in Public Heath, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: umianita03@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285736404487.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(2): 137-149https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.02.05
Path Analysis: Effects of Psychological and Socio-Economic Exposures During Gestational Period on the Risk of Under Nutrition in Children Under Five Nurindahsari, Yespy Anna Wahyu; Murti, Bhisma; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 1, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: In Indonesia the prevalence of under nutrition in children under five in 2013 was estimated to be 12.2%. It is estimated that there are still 4.5 million children underfive with under or poor nutrition have not been detected. Poor nutrition in children under five may have serious impact on their health outcome and  cognitive ability in later life. This study aimed to investigate the effects of psychological and socio-economic exposure during gestational period and geographical area on the risk of under nutrition in children under five.Subjects and method: This was an analytical observational using case-control design. This study was conducted in Klaten, Central Java, from 8 September to 2 December 2016. A total of 150 subjects consisting of 57 children under five with birth weight <2.500 gram and 93 children under five with birth weight ≥ 2.500 gram, were selected by fixed exposure sampling. The dependent variable was weight for age. The independent variable includedmaternal education, family income, number of children, middle upper arm circumference (MUAC), maternal gestational stress, slow fetal growth for gestasional age, low birth weight, nutritional intake, geographic area. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire, 24 hours food recall, and medical record. The data were analyzed using path analysis.Results: Nutritional intake that is lower than recommended allowance (b=3.14; 95%CI=1.09 to 5.20; p=0.003) and history of birth weight <2.500 gram (b=1.70; 95%CI=0.71 to 2.70; p=0.001) increased the risk of under nutrition in children under five. Slow fetal growth for gestational age, maternal gestational stress, family income < Rp 2,000,000, and middle upper arm circumference (MUAC), had indirect significant effect on the risk of under nutrition in children under five.Conclusion: Nutritional intake lower than recommended allowance and birth weight <2.500 gram increased the risk of under nutrition in children under five.Keywords: gestational period, psychological and socio-economic exposure, under nutrition, children under five.Correspondence: Yespy  Anna Wahyu Nurindahsari. School of Health Sciences Guna Bangsa, Yogyakarta.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2016), 1(2): 83-92https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.02.03
Effectiveness of Practical Integrative Module in Empowering Family Empowering Family of Children with Cerebral Palsy Harumi, Linda; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol 2, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Bacground: There is a lack of health care services for children with cerebal palsy (CP) in Indonesia. In addition, family of the children with CP are lacking in skills of CP services. A simple,  practical, easily readable modul of CP services for families of children with CP has been developed. This study aimed to analyze effectiveness of practical integrative module in empowering family empowering family of  children with CP.Subject and Method: This was a quasi experimental study, consisting of intervention and control groups without randomization. The study was conducted at Child Growth Clinic Dr. Soedjarwadi hospital, Klaten, and YPAC, Surakarta, Central Java. A sample of 100 families of children with CP was selected for this study by purposive sampling. The sample was divided into two groups: 50 families in the intervention group and 50 families in the control group. The independent variable was practical integrative module of CP handling, i.e. the intervention under study. The dependent variables were knowledge, attitude, and level of family empowerment in CP services. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed by linear regression.Results: After controlling for knowledge before intervention, average knowledge in the intervention group was 0.84 points higher than the control group (b=0.84; 95% CI= 0.33 to 1.86; p = 0.002). The average attitude in the intervention group was 2.48 points higher than the control group (b=2.48; 95% CI= 0.85 to 4.10; p= 0.003). The average level of family empowerment in the intervention group was 3.41 points higher than the control group (b=3.41; 95% CI= 1.34 to 5.48; p = 0.001).Conclusion: The integrative module of CP handling under study is effective in improving knowledge, attitude, and level of family empowerment in families with CP children.Keywords: knowledge, attitude, empowerment, family, cerebral palsy, children, integrative module, cerebral palsy handlingCorrespondence: Linda Harumi. Department of Occupational Therapy, Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health, Surakarta. Email: lindaharumi@ymail.com. Mobile : +68170628006Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(2): 173-182https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.02.07
Path Analysis on the Determinants of Unwanted Pregnancy Among Adolescents in Madiun, East Java Mutiara, Bunga; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 3, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Unintended pregnancy is a worldwide problem that affects women, their families, and society. Unintended pregnancy can result from early marriage, contraceptive failure, non-use of contraceptive services, and, less commonly, rape. Consequences of unintended pregnancy include abortion with its long-term negative health effects including infertility and maternal death. This study aimed to examine the determinants of unwanted pregnancy among adolescents in Madiun, East Java, using path analysis model.Subjects and Method: This was a case control study conducted in Madiun, East Java, from April 4 to May 14, 2018. A sample of 150 adolescents was selected by fixed disease sampling, comprising 30 adolescents with and 120 adolescents without unwanted pregnancy. The dependent variable was unwanted pregnancy. The independent variables were knowledge, attitude, religiosity, sexual behavior, media exposure, parental role, and peer role. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13.Results: Unwanted pregnancy was directly determined by negative sexual behavior (b= 4.14; 95% CI= 2.83 to 5.45; p<0.001). It was indirectly determined by negative peer role, negative media exposure, negative attitude, parental role, better knowledge, and religiosity.Conclusion: Unwanted pregnancy is directly determined by negative sexual behavior. It is indirectly determined by negative peer role, negative media exposure, negative attitude, parental role, better knowledge, and religiosityKeywords: unwanted pregnancy, determinants, adolescents, path analysisCorrespondence: Bunga Mutiara, Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: theo03theo@gmail.comJournal of Maternal and Child Health (2018), 3(3): 216-224https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.03.06
Social Learning Theory on Factors Associated with Dental Caries among Mentally Disabled School Children in Surakarta, Central Java Nursani, Anggia Rahmah; Murti, Bhisma; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 2, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Mentally disabled adolescents have limitations that make them are at greater risk of dental caries. There is a lack of studies on the factors associated with dental caries in adolescents using Social Learning Theory. This study aimed to determine factors associated with dental caries among mentally disabled adolescents using Social Learning Theory.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at several special schools for disabled children (SLB) Surakarta, including: SLB C Setya Darma, SLB C YPSLB, SLB CG YPPCG Bina Sejahtera, and SLB C1 YSSD, in Surakarta, Central Java, from June to July 2017. A sample of 150 mentally disabled school children were selected for this study  by purposive sampling.  The dependent variable was caries dental status. The independent variables were parenting time, maternal oral health knowledge, maternal attitude towards oral health, maternal oral hygiene practice, child oral hygiene practice, maternal sweet food intake, child sweet food intake. Dental caries status was measured by decay, missing, filled-teeth (DMF-T) index. The other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Dental caries was directly and positively associated with sweet food intake (ƅ= 0.27, SE= 0.09, p= 0.002), poor child oral hygiene practice (ƅ= 0.09, SE= 0.04, p= 0.018), and poor maternal oral health knowledge (b= 0.36, SE= 0.10, p<0.001). Maternal oral hygiene practice was associated with maternal attitude towards oral health (ƅ= 0.33, SE= 0.13, p= 0.012) and maternal oral health (ƅ= 0.18, p<0.001). Child oral hygiene practice was associated with maternal oral hygiene practice (ƅ= 0.33, SE= 0.06, p= 0.012),  maternal oral health knowledge (ƅ= 0.91, SE= 0.18, p<0.001), and parenting time (ƅ= 1.39, SE= 0.18, p<0.001).Conclusion: Dental caries is associated with sweet food intake, poor child oral hygiene practice, and poor maternal oral health knowledge. Maternal knowledge, attitude, and practice in oral hygiene have an important role on dental caries in mentally disabled adolescents.Keywords: dental caries, adolescents, maternal oral health practice, social learning theoryCorrespondence: Anggia Rahmah Nursani. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java.  Email: anggiarahmahn23@gmail.com. Mobile: +6287738923404.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2017), 2(3): 201-215https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2017.02.03.02
Multilevel Analysis: Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Primary School Children in Surakarta, Central Java Rini, Arum Kusuma; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol 4, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Background: Life course studies have shown that early onset obesity is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality later in life. In both sexes, rates of diabetes, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, hip fracture, and gout were increased in those who were overweight as adolescents. Contextual factor at higher level such as school may have indirect effect on the incidence of overweight or obesity through eating behavior. However, studies into factors affecting child obesity in Indonesia using multilevel approach are lacking. This study aimed to examine factors associated with overweight and obesity in primary school children in Surakarta, Central Java, using multilevel analysis.Subjects and Method: A case control study was conducted at 25 primary schools in Surakarta, Central Java, from March to April 2018. A sample of 225 primary school children was selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 75 children with overweight or obesity and 150 children with normal weight. The variables of children were placed at the first level of the multilevel model. The potential contextual effect of school was determined at the second level. The dependent variable was overweight or obesity. The independent variables were maternal education, maternal body mass index (BMI), physical activity, family income, and school environment. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel logistic regression run on Stata 13.Results: Child overweight or obesity was positively associated with maternal BMI ≥25 (b= 0.11; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.18; p= 0.002) and high family income (b= 0.04; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.06; p< 0.001). Child overweight or obesity was negatively associated with high physical activity (b= -0.03; 95% CI= -0.05 to -0.01; p= 0.009). School environment had a negligible contextual effect on child obesity with ICC= 5.08%.Conclusion: Child obesity is positively associated with maternal BMI ≥25 and family income, and is negatively associated with physical activity. School environment has a negligible contextual effect on child obesity.Keywords: obesity, primary school children, maternal body mass index, physical activityCorrespondence: Arum Kusuma Rini. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: arumkusumarini@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6282133044191.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2019), 4(1): 1-8https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2019.04.01.01
Path Analysis on the Determinants of Severe Preeclampsia in Surakarta, Central Java Sari, Prafista Wulan; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality that occurs at gestational age >20 weeks. It is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. Shortly, severe preeclampsia may develop into eclampsia accompanied by seizures or coma. This study aimed to examine the determinants of severe preeclampsia in Surakarta, Central Java.Subjects and Method: This was a case-control study conducted in Gajahan health center, Dr. Moewardi hospital, and Surakarta hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, from October 2018 to December 2018. A sample of 200 pregnant women was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was severe preeclampsia. The independent variables were age, education, stress, parity, history of hypertension, history of diabetes mellitus (DM), ANC visit, and family history of hypertension. Data on preeclampsia were obtained from medical record. The other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Severe preeclampsia was directly and positively associated with age <20 or ≥35 years (b= 1.23; 95% CI= 0.31 to 2.14; p= 0.008), history of hypertension (b= 1.54; 95% CI= 0.58 to 2.51; p= 0.002), history of DM (b= 1.12; 95% CI= 0.21 to 2.03; p= 0.016), and stress (b= 1.58; 95% CI = 0.60 to 2.56; p = 0.002). It was negatively associated with parity (b= -0.96; 95% CI= -1.90 to - 0.01; p = 0.046) and ANC visit (b= - 1.98; 95% CI= -2.91 to - 1.05; p<0.001). Severe preeclampsia was indirectly associated with education, ANC visit, and family history of hypertension.Conclusion: Severe preeclampsia is directly and positively associated with age, history of hypertension, history of DM, and stress. It is negatively associated with parity and ANC visit. Severe preeclampsia is indirectly associated with education, ANC visit, and family history of hypertension.Keywords: severe preeclampsia, determinants, path analysisCorrespondence: Prafista Wulan Sari. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: prafistaw@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6285740772699.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(2): 126-135https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.02.08
Co-Authors -, Kartika . Zulfan ?Arub, Lathifah Abd. Rasyid Syamsuri Achmad Arman Subijanto, Achmad Arman Addini, Ragil Aidil Fitriasari Adelita, Sela Putri Adi Prayitno Adita, Kingkin Afriyanti, Neta Agus Kristiyanto Agus, Yuliana Agus, Yuliana Aini, Zahratul Aisy, Jihan Rohadatul Aisyiyah, Farida Nur Akmala, Jatu Kartika Amalia, Ade Ambar Mudigdo Anak Agung Gede Sugianthara Anggraini, Wella Anik Lestari Annisaa, Salwa Argyo Demartoto, Argyo Ari Natalia Probandari Ari Probandari Arifin Arifin Arwiyantasari, Wida Rahma Astari, Rahmi Windhy Astuti, Fitriyani Dwi Aviandari, Tifa Aziza, Triana Ulfa Nur Azizah, Fikri Dian Dinu Azzahro, Asri Wahyu ‘Arub, Lathifah Bakrie, Saekhol Bambang Purwanto Baroroh Barir Bhisma Murti Brian Wasita Budhiastuti, Uki Retno Budiastuti, Veronika Ika Bulan Kakanita Hermasari Christanto, Antonius Cynara, Ailsa Clarissa Dania, Samara Rahma Deviasti, Rindra Dewi, Arddha Maha Pawitra Dwi Puspita Dewi, Dian Puspita Dewi, Rizka Amalia Dewi, Rizqa Kartika Dian Handayani Diana Nur Afifah, Diana Nur Diani Octaviyanti Handajani Dilma’aarij, Dilma’aarij Dwiantini, Feby Endang Lestari Endang Sutisna Sulaeman Erynda, Revina Fiandany Fajriyani, Fanny Kartika Fardhiasih Dwi Astuti Fatikhu Yatuni Asmara Fitria Wulandari Fitriani, Sufia Flora, Viola Holly Gaurinindi, Melinda Febianca Handariati, Atik Handayani, Anggun Fitri Handriani, Winei Haniah, Alfi Zamilul Hanifa, Ainun Hanifah, Ainun Hanifah, Nita Layli Hanifah, Siti Nur Hapsari, Dini Hardilla, Dinda Septiani Hariyadi, Agustin Mahardika Harsono Salimo Harumi, Linda Hernanda R, Annisa Istighfari Hidayah, Siti Shafridha Ida Nurwati Ilma, Nabilah Nurul Indriani, Frida Indriasih, Merlita Indriasih, Merlita Indriastuti, Latty Jannah, Putri Isriyatil Khairunnisa, Lia Khoirunnisa, Luthfiana Nadhiifa Kumalaningrum, Melda Kurnianingsih, Mayasari Kurrniati, Era Kusumawati, Ima Larasati, Meirina Dwi Lestari, Esti Lestari, Esti Loekito, Cindy Lestyani Luthfiana, Lia Ulfah Luthfianasari, Luthfianasari Luturmas, Antina Manggandhi, Yuyun Maranata, Maranata Marliana, Wiwit Maryana, Dyan Maryani ., Maryani Maryani Maryani Maung, Yuzana Mawardi, Fitriana Mayaningrum, Yulita Endah Mayarestya, Nita Putriasti Muchsin Doewes Muhammad Rifqi Azhary Mulya Tarmidi, Mulya Mutiara, Bunga Nabilah Nurul Ilma Nawangwulan, Diyah Novia Zuriatun Solehah Novika, Revi Gama Hatta Novitasari, Isnaini Novitasari, Ratih Nuralita, Ayunda Yonik Nurhayati, Happy Nurindahsari, Yespy Anna Wahyu Nurkholifa, Ferda Fibi Tyas Nursani, Anggia Rahmah Oktaviyani, Feny Paramasari Dirgahayu Pawito Pawito Prabowo, Puspita Mayangsari Prasetya, Hanung Primaningtyas, Widana Purnama, Hanif Wildan Putri, Anggi Resina Putri, Azilla Edsa Putri, Diani Fadmi Putri, Dominika Risnanda Alfinsia Qomariah, Nur Laili Rahardjo, Setyo Sri Rahayu, Ria Muji Rahmah Rahmah Ramli, Muhammad Rizaldi Ravi Masitah RB. Soemanto Rini, Arum Kusuma Rismawati, Normalia Levi Risna Widowati Risya Cilmiaty, Risya Rita Adriani Benya Adriani Rohaniyati, Retno Dwi Rosyidah Alfitri RUBEN DHARMAWAN Safitri, Diyanti Sakinah Sakinah Sari, Prafista Wulan Sari, Putri Yunita Selviana, Tasya Ardia Septianawati, Linda Wahyu Setiamika, Made Setiowati, Tri Ayu Setiyarini, Dwi Wahyu Setyo Sri Raharjo Sinta, Prabawati Soetrisno Soetrisno Suci Arsita Sari SUGIARTO - Sugiarto S suminah ., suminah Suminah Suminah, Suminah Suprapti Suprapti Supriyadi Hari Respati Susanti, Nadya Sutiman Sutiman, Sutiman Syetiawinanda, Amriansyah Titah Pujangkara, Ajeng Ayu Tri Nur Kristina Tunurrohmin, Zela Uki Retno Budihastuti Ulhaq, Muhammad Zia Ummah, Hafari Fajria Nuril Usmaningrum, Desif Upix Utomo, Asrori Ibnu Vitri Widyaningsih VIVIN EKA RAHMAWATI Wati, Emita Dewi Lilis Angkasa Wayanshakty, Janur Putri Wekadigunawan, CSP Widiyaningrum, Alfiati Nanda Widiyawati, Rina Widyandana Widyandana Widyawardani, Tri Nyantosani Widyawati Widyawati Wulandari, Umianita Risca Yanuari, Ridha Rossela Yudhani, Ratih Dewi yulia lanti retno dewi Yusup Subagio Zakiyah, Nisaus Zauma, Luthfia Zuhaira, Ulul Azmi