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Muhammad Hasan
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Journal : Enigma in Law

 1 
Gendered Terrains: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Lineage, Law, and Women's Land Inheritance in Indonesia's Batak and Minangkabau Communities Fitriyanti Fitriyanti; Susi Diana; Yuniarti Maretha Pasaribu; Muhammad Hasan
Enigma in Law Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Enigma in Law
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/law.v3i1.98

Abstract

In Indonesia, the pluralistic legal landscape, where state, religious, and customary laws intersect, creates profoundly different realities for women's land rights. This study investigates the disparity between de jure principles and de facto outcomes in two of Indonesia's most prominent and contrasting customary systems: the patrilineal Batak Toba and the matrilineal Minangkabau. We employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. The quantitative phase involved a multi-stage random survey of 400 households (200 Batak, 200 Minangkabau) to establish inheritance patterns. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and a multivariable logistic regression model to control for socio-demographic confounders. The qualitative phase consisted of 42 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with purposively selected community members to explain the mechanisms behind the quantitative findings, analyzed via a thematic framework approach. Quantitative findings reveal that 88% of Minangkabau women had inherited land compared to only 32% of Batak women. After controlling for age, education, and occupation, logistic regression showed that Minangkabau women had over 14 times the odds of inheriting land compared to Batak women (OR=14.72; 95% CI [7.15, 30.31], p< 0.001). Qualitative data revealed two divergent mechanisms producing these outcomes: 'Institutionalized Security' in the Minangkabau system, where rights are embedded in matrilineal identity, and 'Negotiated Permeability' in the Batak system, where access is contingent upon discretionary grants (hibah) from male relatives and is a major source of conflict. In conclusion, the structure of customary lineage remains the single most powerful determinant of women's land inheritance, an effect that state law has not superseded. While the matrilineal system provides institutionalized security, the patrilineal system renders women's rights precarious and conflict-prone. Advancing gender equity in land tenure requires engagement with the internal logic and adaptive capacities of these deeply entrenched customary orders.
Co-Authors A Halim A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Aaliyah El-Hussaini Abdul Aziz Abdul Gani ABDUL GANI Abdul Harris Abdullah Husen Agus Syam Ahmad Erza Ahmad Murajid Ainun Hasyim Almansyah Rundu Wonua Amiruddin . Amiruddin Amiruddin Andi Ayumah Hasan Andi Marwah Andi Rinda Oktariani Andi Ulfa Tenri Pada Anis Rahmawati Anisa Anisa Anita Havyasari Anugrah Putra Perdana Arfiani, Siti Zahra Aris Prasetyo Armi Permana Putri Arya Ganendra Ayel Sarwono Lahra Azizah Rachmawati Bambang Joko Priatmadi Bambang Joko Priatmadi Caelin Damayanti Chaerunnisa Najib Citra Ayni Kamaruddin Darlene Sitorus Delvy Yuana Mustika Deppa Ringgi’ Dewi Aulia Dian Rahayu Diana Eki Cahyani Dodon Turianto Nugrahadi Donny Adiatmana Ginting Edi Suprayetno Eki Yuliyanti Eko Noerhayati Elisa Elisa Emir Abdullah Evelyn Wang Fajriyanto Fatin Syarifahnur Fatma Zuhra Ferdian Nugroho Fita Nelyza Fitriani Fitriani fitriyanti fitriyanti Gayatri Putri Grace Olivia Silalahi Hafnati Rahmatan Hamdani Budiman Hanifah Yasin Hanum, Afrida Harun Urrashid Hendrik Hendrik Ibnu Khaldun Ichsan Taufik Nasution Idawati Nasution Idris Atmaja Iis Sugandhi Ilmas Barlenti INANNA Intan Wilyta Iqbal Anugerah Jovanka Andina Kusumastuti, Inke LUBIS, INDAH SARI LIZA Ludia Jemina I.R. Reumy Luthfia Hanum* M. Ihsan Said Ahmad Mahidin Mahidin Marpaung, Fernandi De Napoli Marpaung, Fernando De Napoli Mary-Jane Wood Masruroh, Lu'luil Matilda Munoz MERIKSA SEMBIRING Miranda Miranda Mochamad Nur Ichsan Mudinillah, Adam Muh Ihsan Said Ahmad Muh. Ihsan Said Muh. Ihsan Said Ahmad Muhammad Adlim Muhammad Ali Ridla Muhammad Asiz Muhammad Azis MUHAMMAD DINAR Muhammad Fadli Muhammad Ikhsan Muhammad Iqbal Usman Muhammad Syarbini Muliadi Aziz Mulyadi Adam Mursal Mursal Musdar M Musri Musman MUSTARI Mustari Mustari Mutiara, Sinthya N Nurdiana N Nurjannah Najib, Marhawati Nanda Rezky Pratama Naswir Ngatoillah Linnaja Nilawati Nilawati Nildawati Nindya Shinta Rumastika Nuha Fauziyah Hanim Nur Asni Aulia Nur fahmi Nuraisyiah Nurdiana Nurdiana Nurdiana Nurhikmawati Nurjannah Nurul Mubin Nuzul Asmilia Purwoko, Agus Rahmat Khaeru Rahmatullah Rahmatullah Rahmatullah Rahmatullah Rahmawati Rahmawati Ratu Fazlia Inda Rahmayani Razali Daud Rena Normasari Resti CItra Dewi Rini Safitri Rinidar Rinidar Riya Rahmadani Roslizawaty - Roslizawaty Roslizawaty Rosmen Safrina Safrina Said Ali Akbar SALAMUN PASDA Saleh, Muh. Saleh Saminan Saminan Samsinar Sandro Louise Oliveirra Selma Fajic Sepyanda, Marsika Sitti Asmi Sri Dahniar Suarni. S Sudarmanto, Yohanes Sugito - Sugito Sugito Supriadi Susanto, Maghfirah Susi Diana Syafei, Isop Syahrial Syahrial Syinta Ramadhani T. Fadrial Karmil Teuku Armansyah Thamrin Tahir Triva Murtina Lubis Tuti Erawati Tuti Supatminingsih Ujang Tri Cahyono Wahyu Widya Anugra Winda Winda Yosalfa Adhista Kurniawan Yudha Bhaskara Yudha Fahrimal Yuniarti Maretha Pasaribu Yusrizal Yusrizal Zaehol Fatah Zuhrawaty NA