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The In Silico Toxicity of Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) and Mimba (Azadirachta indica anggraeni, Henny endah; Purwono, Rini Madyastuti; Sutardi, Lina Noviyanti; Mustika, Aulia Andi; Manalu, Wasmen; Andriyanto, Andriyanto
Acta VETERINARIA Indonesiana Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/avi.13.3.278-285

Abstract

Natural active-ingredient-based shampoos offer an effective and eco-friendly solution for maintaining the skin and hair health of companion animals. This study aimed to predict the toxicity of phytochemical compounds from citronella oil (Cymbopogon nardus) and neem oil (Azadirachta indica) using an in silico approach with the ProTox-II platform. The analyzed compounds included limonene, farnesene, eucalyptol, menthol, oleic acid, p-cymene, indole, (9Z)-9- octadecenamide, amylbenzene, p-cresol, camphor, and dieugenol, selected based on LC-MS/MS analysis. The evaluated toxicological parameters comprised oral acute toxicity (LD50), hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity (cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity), as well as nuclear receptor signaling and stress response pathways. The results revealed that p-cymene exhibited the highest toxicity (LD50 = 3 mg/kg, class I), followed by oleic acid (LD50 = 48 mg/kg, class II), whereas amylbenzene was classified as non-toxic (LD50 = 6430 mg/kg, class VI). All compounds were predicted to be non-hepatotoxic and non-immunotoxic; however, p-cymene, indole, and amylbenzene showed potential carcinogenicity. Limonene was predicted to be active against AhR, ER, MMP, and ATAD5 receptors, while dieugenol was active against nrf2/ARE, HSE, and MMP. These predictions suggest that most compounds are safe for shampoo applications, except for p-cymene, which requires further evaluation. This study provides preliminary insights for the development of safe and effective natural-based shampoos.
A comparison of the Hematology Profiles from Preventive and Curative Tests on Lissachatina fulica Snail Mucin Cream for Atopic Dermatitis Supiyani, Atin; Manalu, Wasmen; Sutardi, Lina Noviyanti; Subangkit, Mawar; Andriyanto, Andriyanto
Acta VETERINARIA Indonesiana Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/avi.13.3.296-302

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Continuous use of topical NSAIDs in AD cases has been shown to cause adverse effects. Lissachatina fulica mucin (LFM) cream, a natural alternative, has been used for wound healing and can be used as a preventative or curative agent in AD. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of LFM cream, exploring its potential as a preventative and curative measure in AD. A total of 36 male BALB/c mice were divided into three cream dosage groups: 0%, 5%, and 10%. The two treatments were preventive and curative, and the two testing times were 0 and 5 days, with three replicates each. Mice were induced with atopic dermatitis by applying 1% DNCB to a 1x1 cm area on their dorsal area for seven days. The preventive group used LFM cream for seven days before DNCB, while the curative group used it after DNCB. Blood samples were collected on days 0 and 5 of the treatment period and analyzed using a hematology analyzer. The data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with GraphPad Prism 10, followed by Tukey's test at a 95% confidence level. The toxicity test confirmed that the LFM cream is non-toxic and safe for topical use. The DNCB compound 1% exhibited four main symptoms of atopic dermatitis: pruritus, erythema, excoriation, and lichenification. LFM cream was highly effective, significantly suppressing AD symptoms, with the ADSI score remaining below 2 (p<0.05). Specifically, the curative efficacy was demonstrated by a significant decrease in the ADSI score on day 5 (p<0.05). Hematological analysis revealed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in the number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and thrombocytes across groups. The LFM cream is effective and safe for preventative use and successfully treats acute AD at 5% concentration.
Co-Authors .Gandri Haryono, M A Winarto A.S. Satyaningtijas Abadi Sutisna Achmad Samsudin Agus Oman Sudrajat Agus Setiawan Agus Yulianto Ahmad Naufal, Ahmad Aji, Gilang Gusti Al-Fatihah, Inayah Altje L. Tumbel Amaq Fadholly Anggi Anggarini Anggraeni, Henny Endah Anjeliani, Restu Antonio, Marites Del Prado ARDI, ATIKAH Arifin, Mochammad Nur Arin Proborini, Christiana Armadi, Ali Asrori Asrori Astalini Astalini Aulia Andi Mustika Aurelia, Sharon Aurellia, Sharon Aziizah, Anisatul Azzahra, Miftahul Zannah Bambang Gunadi Bangun, Dwi Agnes Natalia Bayu Febram Prasetyo Bhila, Aisya Salsa Br Kaban, Karmila Candra, Delfika Choirul Bariyah, Choirul Darmaji Darmaji Devi Fatmawati, Devi Dewi, Fitriana Dhanurseto Hadiprashada Diah Nugrahani Pristihadi Dian Wahyu Djoko Widodo Elpita Tarigan Eni Yulianti Erni Suparti, Erni Fedik Abdul Rantam Ferdy Roring Firda Agustin, Firda Firmansyah, Mas Agus Gandri Haryono, M. Giovani Siahaan, Fery GM Nugraha, GM Hafid, Fernani Nur Haknowo, Dwi Hanif Hanif Haq, Ahmad Syaiful Haryanto Haryanto Herlina Herlina Hibban, Muhammad Farhan Ibnu Hidayat, Rezaldi Hidayatulloh, Muhammad Rizal Huber Yaspin Tandi Huda, Anam Miftahul Husna, Hanifati Igirisa, Silvia Febriyanti Ike Yuli Mestika Dewi Indrajayani, Galuh Gita Ira Pramudawardhani Irarang, Yusa Irwan Muhammad Ridwan Isnawati Isnawati Jamhari Jamhari Junaidi Junaidi Jusuf, Elena Adjani Kapelle, Imanuel B. D. Khairul Amri Kurniawan, Dwi Agus Kusdiantoro Mohamad Lailan Safina Nasution Leni Marlina Lina Noviyanti Sutardi Listyanda, R. Faiz Lumuan, Lumuan Madyastuti, Rini Mahardika, Dayu Maheni DK, MRR Tiyas Mansyur, Haris MD Darulfallah, MD Meillisa Carlen Mainassy MRR Tiyas Maheni DK, MRR Tiyas Maheni Muhammad Firdaus Muhammad Haikal Mumtaza Putri, Anne Muslikh Muslikh Muslikh Musthofa, Hajri Taqin Mustika, Aulia A. Napitupulu, Pesta Asni Natalie, Gabriela Neliana , Tri Ningsih, Dwi Aulia Nugroho, Deni Agung Nugroho, Dimas Satrio Laksono Nur Farida Haryanto, Lailin Nurfadhillah, Septy Nurma Sari, Nurma Oktavia, Sri Wina Perdana, Rahmat Pramudawardhani, Ira Pranoto, Rahmat Eko Purba, Elva Rini Puspitasari, Sendy Krisna Putra, Ghalyh Wardhana Putra, Hamdika Yendri R Arif, R R, Nofriyandi Rachmadita Dwi Pramesti Ramadhoni, Armando Ramdhan, Fadlatul Raya Agni Rayandra Asyhar Riantiarno, Edi Dwi Rivanol Chadry Rohasad, Rohasad Rosleini Ria Putri Zendrato Rozana Zuhri Safika S, Safika Sakti , Bima Sakti, Tegar Bima Sauri, Salsabila Selnia, Emika Septian, Dwi Nur Setianingrum, Vinda Maya Siti Aisyah Subangkit, Mawar Suci, Yulia Suhandi*, Andi Sukmawati, Sindy Fitria Sunarti Supiyani, Atin Supriyadi, Supriyadi Suryadinata, Ningrum Suryanto, Esha Saraswati Susbiyanto, Susbiyanto Susilawati Tabrany Suwarta, Nyoman Syech Zainal Theresia Theresia Tony Wibowo, Tony TRIANI, ELZA W Manalu Warol, Khoirul Warol, Warol Wasmen Manalu Widi, Leliana Nugrahaning Wulan Dari, Wulan Wulandari, Eko Yendri, Hamdika Yuliantini Yuliantini Yuliarman Yuliarman Yusuf Yusuf Zilviana, Tengku Zulhendri Zulhendri Zylviana, Tengku