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Somakim, Somakim

Universitas Sriwijaya

Author-ID : 680724

Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Neuroscience Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Eksplorasi Etnomatematika Rumah Bari Pesirah Pangkalan Balai untuk Pembelajaran Matematika SMP Maulida, Amanah; Somakim, Somakim; Mulyono, Budi
Kognitif: Jurnal Riset HOTS Pendidikan Matematika Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): April - June 2025
Publisher : Education and Talent Development Center Indonesia (ETDC Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51574/kognitif.v5i2.2976

Hingga saat ini, belum ditemukan studi yang secara eksplisit mengeksplorasi keterkaitan antara arsitektur Rumah Bari Pesirah dan konsep matematika dalam perspektif etnomatematika, padahal bangunan ini mencerminkan nilai budaya yang berpotensi memperkaya konteks pembelajaran geometri di tingkat SMP. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil eksplorasi etnomatematika berupa makna filosofis pada rancang bangun Rumah Bari Pesirah Pangkalan Balai serta mengidentifikasi konsep-konsep matematika yang terdapat pada ornamen dan arsitektur bangunan. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena Rumah Bari Pesirah merupakan salah satu contoh arsitektur tradisional di Sumatera Selatan yang memiliki nilai budaya dan sejarah yang tinggi, namun belum dieksplorasi dari sudut pandang etnomatematika. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya mengintegrasikan budaya lokal dalam pembelajaran matematika agar pembelajaran menjadi lebih bermakna dan relevan bagi peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan etnografi dengan teknik wawancara terhadap tokoh adat dan pengrajin lokal, observasi langsung terhadap struktur bangunan, serta dokumentasi arsitektural yang dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola ukiran berbentuk segi empat simetris pada dinding mencerminkan konsep geometri bidang datar, sedangkan struktur atap berbentuk limas memperlihatkan pemahaman terhadap volumetrik bangun ruang. Konsep-konsep ini selaras dengan capaian pembelajaran geometri dan pengukuran di SMP. Kedua elemen konten itu sesuai atau dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika di tingkat SMP. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan pembelajaran matematika yang bermakna melalui integrasi budaya lokal.

Systematic Literature Review: Analisis Kemampuan Representasi Matematika Siswa Pada Materi Program Linear Maheswari, Nasywa Ayu; Nurul Lathifah, Dewi; Hanifa, Arina; Felia Dwi Martha, Vivi; Somakim, Somakim; Ramadhan, M. Hasbi; Sukma, Yovika
Griya Journal of Mathematics Education and Application Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Pendidikan Matematika FKIP Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/griya.v5i2.583

Kemampuan representasi matematika memegang peranan krusial dalam pemahaman konsep dan pemecahan masalah program linear. Sayangnya, beragam penelitian mengungkap beragam hasil terkait kemampuan representasi matematis siswa pada Program Linear. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) terhadap 11 artikel terbitan 2021-2025, berfokus pada siswa kelas XI, menyoroti dominasi representasi simbolik yang lebih dikuasai, sementara representasi visual dan verbal masih menjadi kendala. Faktor-faktor seperti gaya belajar, minat, dan pola pikir siswa terbukti signifikan memengaruhi kemampuan representasi ini. Lebih lanjut, model pembelajaran inovatif seperti Connected Mathematics Project (CMP) menunjukkan keunggulan dibandingkan metode konvensional. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi urgensi penerapan strategi pembelajaran yang kontekstual, interaktif, dan adaptif terhadap karakteristik siswa demi meningkatkan kemampuan matematis siswa pada materi program linear.

STEM-based approach: A learning design to improve critical thinking skills Pratiwi, Anggi Nurul; Aisyah, Nyimas; Somakim, Somakim; Kamran, Muhammad
Al-Jabar: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Vol 14 No 1 (2023): Al-Jabar: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika
Publisher : Universitas Islam Raden Intan Lampung, INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/ajpm.v14i1.18054

Background: The STEM approach in learning integrates the concepts of science, the use of technology, engineering, and mathematics, which support enthusiastic, creative, and active learning activities by students. In this context, it is necessary to develop ways to improve the understanding of the concept of a three-variable system of linear equations in high school students.Aim: The purpose of this study was to produce a learning trajectory in the three-variable linear equation system material using the STEM approach for high school students, with the main objective of increasing students' critical thinking skills.Method: The method used is 'design research', which includes three stages: preliminary, teaching experiment, and retrospective analysis. The research was conducted at a public high school in Palembang City, using qualitative descriptive data analysis techniques based on observation, interviews, and tests designed to measure students' critical thinking skills.Result: The results of this study are STEM-based learning trajectories that are effective in helping students understand the system of three-variable linear equations. The hypothetical learning trajectory (HLT) that has been implemented is a successful tool in helping students understand the concept and can improve students' critical thinking skills.Conclusion: The STEM-based mathematics learning design produced in this study has the potential to serve as a reference for teachers in improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in the subject matter of a system of three-variable linear equations. It is hoped that this approach will become a valuable tool in helping students understand mathematical concepts in greater depth in the future.

Integrating ethnomathematics into mathematical modeling: Development of student worksheets based on the Bidar Boat festival Wijaya, Aldi Putra; Darmawijoyo, Darmawijoyo; Somakim, Somakim; Julaiha, Ellah
Al-Jabar: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Vol 16 No 1 (2025): Al-Jabar: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika
Publisher : Universitas Islam Raden Intan Lampung, INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24042/ajpm.v16i1.26854

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and evaluate culturally contextualized student worksheets that integrate mathematical modeling with ethnomathematical elements from the Bidar Boat Festival. The goal was to enhance students’ modeling competencies and engagement. Method: The research employed a design-based research (DBR) approach, consisting of a preliminary study and a formative evaluation phase through iterative prototyping. Data collection involved expert validation, classroom observations, student interviews, and written assessments across three cycles with 24 junior high school students. Findings: The developed worksheets were found to be highly valid and practical. Students demonstrated strong performance on key modeling competencies: 97.5% understood the tasks, 93.54% translated real-life contexts into mathematical models, 81.88% applied mathematical operations accurately, and 80.42% interpreted results appropriately. Additionally, the learning tools enhanced student motivation, cultural awareness, and mathematical understanding. Significance: Embedding local cultural contexts, such as the Bidar Boat Festival, into mathematics instruction can bridge abstract mathematical concepts with students' lived experiences. The approach not only improved cognitive learning outcomes but also encouraged reflective thinking and cultural appreciation. The study contributes a replicable model for implementing culturally responsive, competency-based mathematics education.

Analysis of the Development Needs of PMRI-Based Pop-Up Book Geometry Media on Cube Materials Ariyani, Pipit; Putri, Ratu Ilma; Somakim, Somakim
Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Papanda Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56916/jirpe.v4i4.2445

Understanding the concept of the cube remains a challenge for elementary school students due to the lack of concrete and contextual learning materials. Abstract learning makes it difficult for students to understand the shape and nature of building spaces. This study aims to analyse the need for developing geometry learning media in the form of pop-up books based on Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (PMRI) using cube materials in grade 2 elementary school. The research method used is Design Research. Data collection was conducted through interviews with three mathematics teachers and twenty-four second-grade students of SDN 1 Air Balui in Musi Banyuasin Regency. The analysis of student needs employs closed interviews. In contrast, the analysis of teacher needs utilises semi-structured interviews to gather more in-depth information about the needs and expectations of geometry learning media among grade II students. Data were analysed using qualitative descriptive analysis, employing the Miles and Huberman analysis approach through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results show that teachers and students have a high need for visual, manipulative, and integrated learning media to explain the properties of cubes. The percentage analysis indicates very high scores in pedagogical (90–94%), technical (85%), aesthetic (92%), and evaluation aspects (88–90%), while cognitive aspects (77–79%) are categorised as high. These findings suggest that PMRI-based pop-up books have the potential to enhance students' Understanding of concepts by connecting abstract geometric concepts to concrete experiences. The results of this needs analysis are the basis for the development and validation stage of contextual, engaging, and practical geometry learning media for basic education.

Improving Learning Outcomes in Fraction Multiplication Through Problem-Based Learning Models Assisted by Edutainment Media in Grade V Harlinda, Ayu; Somakim; Widyastuti, Fitri
Jurnal Kiprah Pendidikan Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): Jurnal Kiprah Pendidikan | Oktober 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Pendididikan Guru Sekolah Dasar Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33578/kpd.v4i4.p705-714

This study aims to improve students' learning outcomes in fraction multiplication material through the application of the Problem Based Learning model assisted by edutainment media in grade V of SD Negeri 55 Palembang. This study is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) which is carried out in two cycles using the Kemmis and McTaggart action model, through the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were 22 grade V students. Data collection techniques used learning outcome tests and observation of learning activities, which were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that the average student score increased from 36.82 in the pretest to 68.73 in the post-test of cycle I, and reached 76.45 in the post-test of cycle II. The learning completeness level also increased from 0% in the pretest to 77% in the post-test of cycle II. Student learning activities increased from the category "Good" to "Very Good". This increase in learning outcomes and activeness shows that the combination of Problem Based Learning with edutainment media is able to create a more interactive and enjoyable learning atmosphere, and encourage students to better understand the material on fraction multiplication in a more systematic and contextual manner.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Materi Keberagaman Menggunakan Media Wordwall pada Peserta Didik Kelas Vc SD Negeri 55 Palembang Tiyas, Melati Ayuning; Somakim, Somakim; Mindarti, Putri
Indonesian Research Journal on Education Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): irje 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/irje.v4i1.437

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas V SDN 55 Palembang dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran Wordwall. Penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) ini dilaksanakan sebanyak 2 siklus yang terdiri dari 2 pertemuan. Tahapan yang dilaksanakan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini merupakan peserta didik kelas VC SDN 55 Palembang yang berjumlah 32 peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi, observasi, wawancara, dan tes. Teknik anaisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif (Miles & Huberman). Berdasarkan hasil dari Peningkatan hasil belajar tersebut dapat dilihat dari peningkatan hasil prasiklus yang mendapatkan persentase sebesar 9,375% atau hanya 3 orang peserta didik yang memperoleh nilai . Pada siklus 1 pertemuan I sebesar 59, 375% atau 19 orang peserta didik, kemudian ada peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik sebesar dipertemuan II ada peningkatan sebesar 71,875% atau 23 orang peserta didik yang memperoleh nilai sebesar Pada siklus II dipertemuan I perolehan nilai berjumlah 78, 125% dan dipertemuan II berjumlah 87,5%. Dari hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada pelajaran PKN materi Keberagaman budaya dengan memanfaatkan media pembelajaran Wordwall. Sehingga hasil belajar peserta didik kelas VC SDN 55 Palembang dapat dikatakan meningkat sebesar 87,5%.

Etnomatematika: Pengenalan Bangun Datar Melalui Konteks Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan Balaputera Dewa Lisnani; Zulkardi; Putri, Ratu Ilma Indra; Somakim
Mosharafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Vol. 9 No. 3 (2020): September
Publisher : Department of Mathematics Education Program IPI Garut

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31980/mosharafa.v9i3.618

Etnomatematika merupakan integrasi antara kebudayaan dan matematika sebagai salah satu usaha memperkenalkan budaya dan matematika secara bersamaan. Salah satu bentuk etnomatematika misalnya bangun bersejarah di kota Palembang yaitu Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan Balaputera Dewa. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengeksplorasi hubungan antara matematika dan budaya dalam seni arsitektur pada Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan Balaputera Dewa dan mengenalkan konsep bangun datar melalui konteks Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan Balaputera Dewa. Penelitian ini tergolong deskriptif kualitatif dengan studi pustaka. Subjek penelitian adalah salah seorang petugas Museum. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan prinsip etnografi melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan catatan lapangan. Teknik analisis data berupa hasil wawancara dan dokumentasi yang dikaitkan dengan kebudayaan dan matematika. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu eksplorasi hubungan antara matematika dan budaya, terutama dalam seni arsitektur pada Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan Balaputera Dewa dan adanya konsep matematika yaitu bangun datar dari eksplorasi Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan Balaputera Dewa.

Etnomatematika Cagar Budaya Rumah Kampung Kapitan Dan Pengintegrasiannya Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika SMP Efryanty; Somakim; Budi Mulyono
Jurnal Derivat: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika Vol. 10 No. 3 (2023): Jurnal Derivat (Desember 2023)
Publisher : Pendidikan Matematika Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31316/jderivat.v10i3.5567

The aims of this research are: 1) To describe the results of ethnomathematics exploration in the form of philosophical meaning contained in design; 2) Produce ethnomathematics-based LKPD on the cultural heritage of Kapitan Village houses in Palembang that is valid and practical; 3) Measuring the potential effect of ethnomathematics-based LKPD on junior high school mathematics learning outcomes. This research uses ethnographic research methods to describe the results of ethnomathematics exploration in the form of philosophical meaning contained in the design of the houses of Kampung Kapitan Palembang. Furthermore, the results of the ethnomathematics exploration of the Kapitan Village House Cultural Heritage will be made into teaching materials in the form of ethnomathematics-based LKPD. At this stage the type of research used is design research with the type of development studies. This research produces a philosophical meaning that is contained in the Kapitan Village House Cultural Heritage, especially in rectangular shapes (rectangles, rhombuses and trapezoids. After being integrated into ethnomathematics-based LKPD, it shows that 84% of students who have completed mathematics learning are in the effective category. Keywords: Ethnomathematics, Cultural Heritage, Kapitan Village, LKPD

LKS Berbasis RME Menggunakan Cabri 3D untuk Koneksi Matematis Siswa pada Bangun Ruang Bidang Lengkung Sukmaningthias, Novika; Sari, Novita; Somakim, Somakim; Susanti, Ely; Safitri, Desi
Edumatica : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Vol 12 No 3 (2022): Edumatica: Jurnal Pendidikan matematika (Desember 2022)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/edumatica.v12i03.21364

This research is development research that aims to create student worksheets based on RME with Cabri 3D to train junior high school students' mathematical connections on solid with non-flat surface materials that are valid, practical, and have potential. The development model used is ADDIE. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 10 Palembang in the even semester of the 2020/2021 academic year. The subjects in this study were students of IX Class. This study consisted of two stages, Preliminary and formative evaluation. Walkthrough and interview data contained comments and suggestions from validators and students. Questionnaire data to see the practicality of the developed Student worksheet. All data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. in the analysis, it was found that the student worksheet was built with valid criteria based on the validator results and practical. The questionnaire sheets with an average of 85.67%, which is very practical according to the criteria. The test showed the students' mathematical connection ability was categorized as good with an average of 87.88% after using the developed student worksheet. Based on the results obtained, the developed student worksheet meets the valid, practical and effective criteria.

Co-Authors A Rahman Adeng Slamet Adha, Idul Adi Pribadi ADI SAPUTRO Afdal Windu Wijaya Aisyah Turidho Akhmad Sumbandari Ali Djamhuri Amelia Handayani Amelia, Desy Amelia, Tasya Faricha Amin Filzah Izzati Amizera, Suzy Anggraini, Nike Anna Fauziah Annisa Oktavia Lestari Annisa Oktavia Lestari Araiku, Jeri Arika Sari Aripin, Pipit Ariyani, Pipit Armadan Armadan Armadan, Armadan Asri Gita Autami, Risa Ayu Harlinda Azhari Azhari Azhari Azizah, Annida Nurul Azka 'Afifah Budi Mulyono Budi Mulyono Cecil Hiltrimartin Cecil Hiltrimartin Darmawijoyo, Darmawijoyo Desi Safitri Destiniar Destiniar, Destiniar Destiniar, Destiniar Desvitasari, Tria Diah Dwi Santri Diah Dwi Santri Dian Aprianty Dian Aprianty Dina Octaria Dina Octaria Dina Oktaria Dinal Ulya Sukiman Dinda Syabillah Drajat Friansah Edi Susanto Efryanty Eka Fitri Puspa Sari Eka Fitri Puspa Sari, Eka Fitri Puspa Eka Wahyuni Nur'rohim Eka Wahyuni Nur’rohim Eko Windarti Elfisyah Isnaini Raizon Elfrida Ratnawati Elisabeth Wijaya Elvira Destiansari Ely Susanti Ely Susanty Erina Ika Fadilla Eva Solina Farida Nursyahidah Farida R Wargadalem Fathimatuz Zahrah Fazar, Ibnu Felia Dwi Martha, Vivi Filzah Izzati Amin Fitri Maya Puspita Fitri Widyastuti Fitri Widyastuti Hamidah, Dewi Handayani, Marweny Hanifa, Arina Haniful Muttaqin Hapizah Hariani Juwita Harisman Nizar Harlinda, Ayu Hendrik Efendi Lumban Tobing Hiriza Imron Ibnu Fazar Idul Adha Iis Juniati Lathiifah Indah Widyaningrum Indaryanti Indaryanti Indira, Thasyia Izza Della Nur Rizki Jeri Araiku Jonny Simanullang Julaiha, Ellah Juwita, Hariani Kalimah, Nur Kamran, Muhammad Ketang Wiyono Ketang Wiyono Kgs M Syahrur Ramadhon Khofifatun Nafiah Kodri Madang, Kodri Kurniadi, Elika Lely Marlina Lestari, S R Lia Puspasari Lia Puspasari, Lia Lisnani Lisnani Lisnani Lisnani Lisnani M Yusup M. Abdullah M. Abdullah M. Abdullah, M. Abdullah M. Hasbi Ramadhan M. Hasbi Ramadhan, M. Hasbi M. Yusup Maheswari, Nasywa Ayu Marion Marion Maulida, Amanah Meilani Safitri Meilani Safitri MEILANI SAFITRI - UNIVERSITAS SRIWIJAYA Meilinda Meilinda Mela Dwi Istiqomah Meryansumayeka Meryansumayeka Metha Anggraeini Mindarti, Putri Mistawan, Kadek Muhammad Nabil Arifin Muhammad Yusuf Muhammad Yusup Muhammad Yusup Mulyono, Budi Muthmainnah Muthmainnah Muttaqin, Haniful Nadia Faradilla Nadia Faradilla Nadya Putri Setiawati Natanael Putera Rasjid Ginting Neina Suci Radhani Neni Lismareni Nety Wahyu Saputri Nila Kesumawati Nila Kesumawati Nofriati, Nursa Fatri Noviafitri, Selly Novianti Mandasari Novita Sari Novita Sari Nur Aini Nur Aziza Nur Isnaini Taufik Nur Isnaini Taufik Nur Zahwa Nuraini Apriliana Nurrosyadah, Naqiyyah Nursa Fatri Nofriati Nurul Lathifah, Dewi Nyimas Aisyah Nyimas Aisyah Pratiwi, Anggi Nurul Pratiwi, Weni Dwi Pratiwi, Weni Dwi Pribadi, Adi PUTERI APRILIANTI Putri Mindarti Putri, Ratu Ilma R. Ilma Raharjo, Makmun Rahayu, Chika Rahma Siska Utari Rahmawati Rahmawati Rahmawati, Rahmawati Rahmi Susanti Rahmi Susanti Rarri Bian Ryandi Ratu Ilma Indra Putri Retno Susanti Rifdah Luthfiyah Rini Herlina Rusiyanti Risda Intan Sistyawati Riya Apriyani Roy, Novaria Rusdy A. Siroj Safitri, Erna Retna Sanjaya, Dekky Saraswati, Sari Sardianto Markos Siahaan, Sardianto Markos Sari, Arika Scristia, Scristia Selly Noviafitri Sepriliani, Sisca Puspita Siligar, E.I Pusta Silvia Fitriani Silvia Fitriani Simanullang, Jonny Simarmata, Ruth Helen Sisca Puspita Sepriliani Solina, Eva Sri Handayani Sri Hartini Sri Sumarni Sukasno Sukasno Sukma, Yovika Sukmaningthias, Novika Sukmaningthias, Novika Sukmaningtyas, Novika Sumarni Sri Surya, Apriana Surya, Apriana Susanty, Ely Syarifuddin Syifa Restania Putri Thasyia Indira Tiyas, Melati Ayuning Tobing, Hendrik Efendi Lumban Tria Desvitasari Tria Gustiningsi Wargadalem, Farida R Welly Yanti Weni Weryani Wijaya, Aldi Putra Wiwik Widyawati Wiwik Widyawati, Wiwik Yanti, Welly Yayan Eryandi Yayan Eryandi, Yayan Yenny Anwar Yovika Sukma Yudhistira, Rendy Prima Yufitri Yanto Yulianita Yundari, Yundari Yunita Prasetyawati Yunita Sari Manalu, Yunita Sari Yusliriadi Yusliriadi Yusliriadi, Yusliriadi Yusuf Hartono Yusuf Hartono Yusuf, Muhammad Zahwa, Nur Zhu, Mega Zuli Nuraeni Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi, Zulkardi

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