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The Limits of Nuclear Non-Proliferation: Legal Oversight, Safeguards, and Compliance under the 1968 NPT Ramlan, Ramlan; Suhermi, Suhermi; Sasmiar, Sasmiar; Mardhatillah, Mardhatillah
Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law Vol 6 No 3 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/up.v6i3.50532

Abstract

Background: The 1968 Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is the cornerstone of the global nuclear non-proliferation regime, aiming to regulate the peaceful use of nuclear energy, prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, and promote gradual nuclear disarmament. Its principles seek to reduce nuclear threats and create a safer international security environment while preventing future remilitarization. Purpose: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the NPT in enforcing compliance and preventing proliferation, as well as to identify the main challenges that hinder its successful implementation. Methodology: The research employs a normative legal approach by reviewing NPT provisions, IAEA official reports and instruments, and case studies involving states suspected of developing clandestine nuclear programs. Findings: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) serves as the primary verification body for NPT compliance through its safeguards system. However, enforcement remains challenging, particularly when states conceal nuclear activities. Limited inspection access exemplified by Iran’s decision not to ratify the Additional Protocol, makes it difficult for inspectors to verify undeclared nuclear materials and activities. Furthermore, several structural weaknesses reduce the NPT’s overall effectiveness, including reliance on the political will of the international community, imbalances between nuclear-weapon states (NWS) and non-nuclear-weapon states (NNWS), insufficient penalties for violations, and the Escape Clause that allows withdrawal from the treaty. Originality/Value: This research provides a critical evaluation of the NPT safeguard and verification mechanisms, highlighting practical implementation obstacles and their implications for the future of the global non-proliferation regime.
Development of Sharia-Based Goods and Services Procurement Theory in a Digital Context: An Explorative Study Fahmi, Ismail; Ramlan, Ramlan; Perdana, Surya
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 23 No. 1 (2024): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v23i1.3664

Abstract

This study aims to develop a theory of Sharia-based procurement of goods and services in a digital context. Through an exploratory qualitative approach, this study explores the understanding of Sharia principles, the implementation of these principles in the context of digital procurement, as well as related challenges and strategies. The research results show that a good understanding of Sharia principles is a key to successful implementation. The implementation of Sharia principles in digital procurement can enhance transparency and efficiency, although there are some challenges to be overcome. This study indicates that further research, the development of tools and methods, as well as training and education are crucial strategies in developing the theory of Sharia-based procurement of goods and services in a digital context.
Legal Certainty Of Provision Of Land And Building Rights Acquisition Reduction Facilities For Foundations (Study in North Sumatra) Panjaitan, Tulus Januardi Tua; Arifin, Muhammad; Ramlan, Ramlan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 23 No. 2 (2024): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v23i3.5190

Abstract

The issuance of Law Number 1 concerning Financial Relations Between the Central Government and Regional Governments has had a negative effect on foundations. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the regulation on the provision of BPHTB reduction or exemption facilities owned by foundations is an order from Law Number 28 of 2009 concerning Regional Taxes and Regional Levies, which was then followed by the issuance of Law Number 20 of 2000 concerning Amendments to Law Number 21 of 1997 concerning Land and Building Acquisition Fees. The issuance of Law Number 1 of 2022 concerning Financial Relations between the Central Government and Regional Governments (HKPD) eliminates these facilities. There is a lack of synchronization in the implementation of Law Number 1 of 2002 with the regent/mayor regulations regarding the provision of BPHTB reduction or exemption facilities for foundations, considering that these regulations are still based on the old law. Law Number 7 of 2021 concerning the Harmonization of Tax Regulations is an important momentum for efforts to harmonize and synchronize taxation, including between laws and regulations and regional regulations (perda) related to taxation. Including the regulation that regulates the provision of BPHTB relief or exemption facilities for foundations. Law Number 7 of 2021 concerning the Harmonization of Tax Regulations is an important momentum for efforts to harmonize and synchronize taxation, including between laws and regulations and regional regulations (perda) related to taxation. Including the regulation that regulates the provision of BPHTB relief or exemption facilities for foundations
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT HUMAN RESOURCES ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ERADICATING NARCOTICS CRIME IN BATAM CITY Erniyanti, Erniyanti; Ramlan, Ramlan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 23 No. 2 (2024): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v23i3.5474

Abstract

This paper presents a legal analysis of the quality of human resources of law enforcement and its impact on the effectiveness of eradicating drug crimes in Batam City. Using a normative legal approach, this study examines relevant laws, court decisions, and policies to assess the skills, training, and ethical behavior of law enforcement personnel. The study findings indicate that although Indonesia's legal framework provides a strong foundation, gaps in training, resource allocation, and ethical oversight limit the effectiveness of drug law enforcement in Batam. In addition, challenges such as interagency cooperation deficits, the complexity of drug crime networks, and corruption in law enforcement further undermine efforts to combat drug trafficking. The paper concludes by recommending improvements in law enforcement training, resource investment, interagency collaboration, and anti-corruption measures to improve the effectiveness of drug law enforcement in Batam City.
Legal Justice in Returning Losses to Victims of Illegal Investment Criminal Acts Santoso, Bambang; Arifin, Muhammad; Ramlan, Ramlan
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 23 No. 2 (2024): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v23i2.6150

Abstract

Regarding Legal Justice in Restitution of Victims of Criminal Acts, further provisions regarding the procedure for carrying out conditional sentences (voorwaardelijke veroordeling) are regulated in Article 276 of the Criminal Procedure Code which states: "In the event that the court imposes a conditional sentence, its implementation shall be carried out with serious supervision and observation and in accordance with the provisions of the Law." According to Muladi, conditional sentences (voorwaardelijke veroordeling) are a form of humane criminal law, namely by prioritizing prevention, not only oriented towards actions but also towards people who commit crimes, which are tat-tatterstrafrecht, placing social welfare as the ultimate goal, oriented towards the future. The mechanism for applying compensation is also regulated in Article 275 of the Criminal Code which states: "If more than one person is convicted in one case, then the court costs and/or compensation as referred to in Article 274 shall be borne by them jointly in equal proportions". The explanation is explained as follows “Because the defendants in the case referred to in this article are jointly sentenced because they are accused of committing a crime in one case, it is reasonable if the court costs and/or compensation are borne jointly in equal proportions
PENGALAMAN TENAGA KESEHATAN MENANGANI PASIEN TERDAMPAK BANJIR DI KABUPATEN TAPANULI SELATAN SUMATERA UTARA Siregar, Ganti Tua; Siregar, Hotma Royani; Tanjung, Wiwi Wardani; Ramlan, Ramlan
Jurnal Spektrum Kesehatan Vol 1 No 4 (2025): Vol. 1 No. 4 Desember 2025
Publisher : PT. Media Ilmiah Persada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37081/rum-kes.v1i4.75

Abstract

Banjir merupakan bencana alam yang berulang terjadi di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan dan berdampak signifikan terhadap kondisi kesehatan masyarakat. Dalam situasi tersebut, tenaga kesehatan menjadi garda terdepan dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan pada kelompok terdampak. Pengalaman tenaga kesehatan selama penanganan pasien pascabanjir penting untuk dipahami sebagai dasar perbaikan sistem pelayanan kesehatan berbasis kebencanaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman tenaga kesehatan dalam menangani pasien terdampak banjir di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Partisipan terdiri dari tenaga kesehatan (perawat, Dan bidan) yang terlibat langsung dalam pelayanan kesehatan pascabanjir. Pemilihan partisipan dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam. Analisis data menggunakan metode analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan beberapa tema utama, yaitu: Motivasi tenaga kesehatan, pelayanan tenaga kesehatan, beban kerja tenaga kesehatan, hambatan dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan, Dan harapan tenaga kesehatan terhadap pemerintah. Tenaga kesehatan berperan penting dalam penanganan pasien terdampak banjir di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan dengan motivasi yang didasari tanggung jawab profesi dan nilai kemanusiaan. Pelayanan kesehatan diprioritaskan pada kelompok rentan melalui pendekatan kuratif, promotif, preventif, serta dukungan psikososial awal. Namun, tenaga kesehatan menghadapi peningkatan beban kerja, keterbatasan sumber daya, dan berbagai hambatan akses serta sarana pelayanan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan dukungan pemerintah melalui penguatan sarana prasarana, serta kebijakan pelayanan kesehatan berbasis kebencanaan yang terintegrasi.
Science Citizens: Bridging Knowledge and Action for All Ramlan, Ramlan; Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Vol 8, No 4 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education, Novemb
Publisher : BIRCU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birle.v8i4.8164

Abstract

Science education in Ethiopia faces declining interest in hard sciences (biology, chemistry, physics) and fragmented curricula, hindering the development of science-literate citizens amid challenges like energy poverty and food insecurity. Purpose: This study aimed to transform science education by designing an integrated, applied framework that fosters "science citizens" individuals who understand and apply science across high school to PhD levels and engage society, addressing Ethiopia’s urban (Addis Ababa) and rural (Amhara) contexts. Over 18 months, a mixed-methods approach surveys, tests, observations, interviews, focus groups, and artifact analysis evaluated five objectives: interdisciplinary curriculum design, applied projects’ impact, teacher training effectiveness, societal perceptions, and educational continuity. Participants (625) included students, educators, and community members across levels. The curriculum boosted knowledge (19-23%) and engagement (1.0-1.3 points), applied projects enhanced retention (5-15%), and training lifted teacher competency (20-27%). Societal perceptions shifted (30-45% fewer negative views), and a continuity model increased transitions (25-30%) and public engagement (1,500 attendees). Urban areas outperformed rural by 5-10%, reflecting resource gaps. Integrated, applied science education fosters science citizens in Ethiopia, linking education to societal needs energy, agriculture, health despite rural constraints.  Scale the model nationally, prioritizing rural labs, teacher training, and public outreach; tracks long-term impacts over 5 years.
PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN VIDEO ANIMASI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PESERTA DIDIK SEKOLAH DASAR Rohim, Ihsan Saeful; Ramlan, Ramlan; Rohimah, Siti Maryam
Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar (JIPDAS) Vol 6 No 1 (2026): Vol. 6 No. 1 Edisi Februari 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar Fakultas Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial dan Bahasa Institut Pendidikan Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37081/jipdas.v6i1.4121

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar matematika peserta didik di SDN Sukanagara 01, di mana 51,86% peserta didik belum mencapai Kriteria Ketuntasan Tujuan Pembelajaran (KKTP) pada materi pecahan. Permasalahan utama meliputi kesulitan peserta didik dalam memahami konsep pecahan, rendahnya motivasi belajar, dan pembelajaran yang masih berpusat pada guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh model Problem Based Learning (PBL) berbantuan video animasi terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar matematika peserta didik. Rumusan masalah meliputi: (1) bagaimana gambaran proses pembelajaran dengan model PBL berbantuan video animasi, (2) apakah terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan, (3) seberapa besar peningkatan hasil belajar, dan (4) seberapa besar efektivitas model PBL berbantuan video animasi. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain quasi-experimental tipe nonequivalent control group design pada 54 peserta didik kelas IV yang dibagi menjadi kelas eksperimen (27 siswa) dan kelas kontrol (27 siswa). Instrumen penelitian berupa tes hasil belajar matematika materi pecahan yang telah divalidasi dengan reliabilitas 0,858 (sangat baik). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) implementasi model PBL berbantuan video animasi berjalan sangat baik dengan rata-rata aktivitas guru 86,325% dan peserta didik 88,15%; (2) terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar yang sangat signifikan (p=0,001<0,05) dengan rata-rata kelas eksperimen 82,41 dan kelas kontrol 49,26; (3) peningkatan hasil belajar kelas eksperimen mencapai 74,91% (kategori tinggi) sedangkan kelas kontrol hanya 23,19% (kategori rendah); (4) efektivitas model PBL berbantuan video animasi tergolong sangat tinggi dengan effect size 3,901 (kategori besar). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi model PBL dan video animasi efektif meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika peserta didik sekolah dasar.
Co-Authors A. Lanyala, Andi Aghir Abbas Arfan Abd. Rahman Abdul Majid Abdulloh, Mochammad Sayyid Achmad Subhan Adi Ismawadi, Adi Ismawadi Agus Priyadi Agustina Kusuma Dewi Ahmad Aminuddin Bama, Ahmad Aminuddin Akbar Kurnia Putra Akhmad Aminuddin Bama, Akhmad Aminuddin Akmal Johan Al Arandi, Tyas Ali Rahmin, Wulan Amelia, Rezi Ananda, Puja Dwi Anggraeny, Rini Anthon Monde Aries, Arni Armaini, Sri Arsyad, Fitri Suryani Asliani, Asliani Asma Asma Asnizar, Andi Asri Asri Assaidah Assaidah, Assaidah Awaliah Putri, Mega B.Y. Eko Budi Jumpeno Bambang Santoso Batubara, Maryam Cepi Hidayat, Cepi Hidayat Dari, Dini Wulan Dede Robiatul Adawiyah Dedi Fariadi Dharma, Dinda Farahdilla Dianto, Aris Dimas, Rifqy Duma, Tulus Na Dwi Saputra, Yogi Dwi Sartika, Dwi Elis Halimah, Elis Halimah Elviandri, Yoni Endang Prangdimurti Endang Supiani, Endang Supian Erick, Benni Erlina Erlina Erlindawaty, Erlindawaty Erwin Asmadi Erwisnyahbana, T. Esti Raihana Fachredzy, Amdy Fadil SJ, Fadil SJ Fahmi, Ismail Faisal Faisal Faisal Riza, Faisal Fajar, Ganjar Nurul Fajriyah, Afifathu Rahmah Fanny Nainggolan, Junita Farid Wajdi Farisi, Mochammad Fauzi, Nanang Fauziah Fauziah Fauziah, Syarah Asma Febriangga Harmawan, Febriangga Febrianingsih, Febrianingsih Fhadilla, Annisa Intan Firman Firman Firmansyah, Okky Agassy Firnandes, Banokta Fitri, Fikriya Aniqa Fitriani, Mita Fitriani, Mitra Goshu, Belay Sitotaw Gultom, Muhammad Arifin Guntur Cahaya Kesuma Habib Muharry Yusdartono Habibullah, Alfata Ma’ruf Hanafiah Haniarti, Haniarti Hanifah, Ida Hardyanthi, Tri Harisman Harisman, Harisman Hengky, Henni Kumaladewi Hermawan, Febriangga Hijrah, Siti Himmah, Maihardiyanti Faiqotul Hutajulu, Yosefa Natasia Melania Br Ichsan Syam, Muhammad Luthfi Ikhsan, Moh. Ikra, Ikra Intan Rahmawati Irmayani Irmayani Irpan Ripa’i Sutowo Isbandi Isbandi Isroani, Farida Isrun Isrun Jam'ah, Andi Jan Setiawan Jannah Nasution, Riska Jasmin, Sutrisno Julian, Farhan June Mellawati Kalaati, Ismail Khairuddin - Khaliq, Adnan Khosiin, Khosiin Kias, Muhamad Fadli Kurniawan, Roy Kuswandi, Wawan Lafira, Lafira Leisthari, Fepi Liasari, Beta Riana Luthfi Ichsan Syam, Muhammad M, Farhanah Fitria Makhrajani Majid Manalu, Minton Mardhatillah, Mardhatillah Marlina Marlina Mashadi Mashadi Masno Ginting Masrianih Mega wati, Mega Melinia, Luh Ayu Mochammad Imron Awalludin Monasdir, Monasdir MT, Ezwarsyah Muchtarom Muchtarom, Muchtarom Muftia, Nisaul Muhamad Rahmatuloh, Muhamad Rahmatuloh Muhamad, Fitra Muhammad Adli, Muhammad Muhammad Aridan Muhammad Arifin Muhammad Fitra Zambak Muhammad Ikhwanus Mulianti, Ati Munthe, Abdurrahman Hidayah Mustari Mustari N. Nurjanah Nacjmi, Nurul Yulianti Naibaho, Marzuki Nanik Indayaningsih Nasution , Umar Nasution, Khairil Azmi Nasution, Riska Jannah Nasution, Umar Naufal Syahrul Anwari, Naufal Syahrul Anwari Novita Novita Novita Sari Novyar Satriawan Fikri, KMS Nur Asyik, Nur NUR FITRIANI Nur Rahmah Hidayati, Nur Rahmah Nurhaeda, Nurhaeda Nurhidayah Nurhidayah Nurnazli Nurnazli Pandayu, Harits Yowansyah Panjaitan, Tulus Abadi Panjaitan, Tulus Januardi Tua Perdana, Surya Pratiwi, Djezyka Egga Purnaningsih, Putri Puspita, Endah Putra, Gilang Tresna Putri, Nur Kemala Putriyanti, Selvi R, Dony. Rafli, M. Rahayu Repindowaty Rahayu Repindowaty Harahap Rahman, First Riyatna Rahmani, Nur Ahmadi Bi Rahmat Zainuddin, Rahmat Rahmi, Atikah Rahmin , Wulan Ali Rahmin, Wulan Ali Ranti, Arum Ratnaning Ratri, Arum Ratnaning Reza, Muhammad Aulia Rohim, Ihsan Saeful Rohimah, Siti Maryam Rohmadi Rohmadi Rudi Santoso, Rudi S, Herman. S, Zazirah S., Zazirah Salma Salma Salsabila, Balqis Saragi, Maria Magdalena Sari, Fadilah Permata Sari, Fadillah Permata Sasmiar, Sasmiar Shalita, Assya Sigit Hardiyanto Simon Simon Siregar, ganti tua SIREGAR, HOTMA ROYANI Siti Nur’Aini Soerya, Balada Suardi Zain, Suardi Subagja, Roni Ilham Suhermi, Suhermi Sulthan Syahril Supardi Supardi Susilawati, Etic Sutowo, Irpan Ripa’i Syahbana, Tengku Erwin SYAHRIAL SYAHRIAL Syahrul Humaidi, Syahrul Syam , Muhammad Luthfi Ichsan Syam, Muhammad Luthfi Ichsan Syamsiar, Syamsiar Taman, Badrun Tamaulina Br Sembiring Tambunan, Melenia Tamrin Tamrin Tang, Jusman Teuku Multazam Tiur Romatua Sitohang Trilia, Irda Trimirza, Maretta Triono Eddy Turu, Martinus Randi Ulfiyah A. Rajamuddin Ulya, Syarifatul Usman Usman Uswah Hasanah Utama, Tiara Hardyanti Violensy, Cahyaning Wardana, Suci Wiwi Wardani Tanjung Yani, T Rezky Amelia Indra Yanto, Edy Sudaryanto Yohanes Edi Gunanto Yusniar, Yusniar Zaharah, Rita Zazirah S., Zazirah S. Zulfiyanda, Zulfiyanda