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Rully Charitas Indra Prahmana

Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Author-ID : 344090

Humanities Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Physics Social Sciences Transportation Other

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MATHEMATICS STUDENTS’ HOTS ASSESSMENT Benidiktus Tanujaya; Rully Charitas Indra Prahmana; Jeinne Mumu
AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Vol 9, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH METRO

Assessment is a crucial aspect of education. A critical point in the evaluation is the validity of the instruments used in conducting the assessment. However, some studies do not pay more attention to this section, which results in the invalid results of the resulting research. This study aimed to map the indicators of the Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) of mathematics students and analyze their existence as components of the instruments. The subjects were 203 senior high school students of science, Manokwari, Indonesia. Test instruments that involved five critical and four creative thinking were used to measure students' HOTS. The data was analyzed using multidimensional scaling (MDS) to map the indicators. The results showed that the five indicators of critical thinking skills form a unified distribution pattern, while the four indicators of creativity tend to spread. Therefore, each indicator used has a unique contribution in explaining the HOTS of mathematics students. Abstrak Penilaian atau evaluasi merupakan aspek penting dari pendidikan. Titik kritis dalam evaluasi adalah validitas instrumen yang digunakan dalam melakukan penilaian. Namun, sejumlah penelitian tidak fokus memperhatikan bagian ini, yang berakibat pada hasil penelitian yang tidak valid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan indikator Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) matematika siswa dan menganalisis keberadaannya sebagai komponen penting pada suatu instrumen. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 203 siswa SMA IPA di Manokwari, Indonesia. Instrumen tes yang melibatkan lima indikator berpikir kritis dan empat indikator berpikir kreatif digunakan untuk mengukur HOTS siswa. Data dianalisis menggunakan multidimensional scaling (MDS) untuk memetakan seluruh indikator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelima indikator keterampilan berpikir kritis membentuk pola sebaran yang menyatu, sedangkan keempat indikator kreativitas cenderung menyebar. Oleh karena itu, setiap indikator yang digunakan memiliki kontribusi unik dalam menjelaskan HOTS matematika siswa.

Pembelajaran hubungan antar sudut menggunakan model pembelajaran guided inquiry Sundari Gita Pertiwi; Rully Charitas Indra Prahmana
PYTHAGORAS Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Vol 15, No 2: December 2020
Publisher : Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, UNY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/pg.v15i2.35415

Materi geometri merupakan materi yang penting untuk dipelajari karena berkaitan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari dan sebagai materi dasar pendukung penguasaan materi matematika yang lain. Namun, materi geometri, khususnya materi hubungan antar sudut, masih dianggap sulit dipahami oleh siswa. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu model pembelajaran yang interaktif dan dapat menuntun siswa menemukan sendiri konsep yang dipelajari untuk mengembangkan pemahaman mereka. Salah satu model pembelajaran alternatif yang dapat digunakan adalah model guided inquiry atau penyelidikan terbimbing yang mana dalam model pembelajaran tersebut siswa adalah pusat pembelajaran dan guru adalah fasilitator dan motivator belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk mendeskripsikan proses pembelajaran yang menerapkan model guided inquiry. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 3 Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dengan subyek penelitian yaitu siswa kelas VII (n = 32). Data penelitian dikumpulkan dalam bentuk rekaman audio dan video, foto, dan lembar aktivitas siswa. Data dianalisis dengan cara mereduksi, menampilkan, dan menyimpulkan data, setelah itu ditulis dalam bentuk narasi deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi model guided inquiry dalam pembelajaran hubungan antar sudut yang terdiri atas tiga pertemuan dengan beberapa aktivitas pembelajaran mendeskripsikan proses pembelajaran yang baik.Inter-angular relationship learning using a guided inquiry learning modelAbstractGeometry is one of the essential materials to learn because it is related to everyday life and as basic material to support mastery of other mathematics materials. However, the material of geometry, especially the material on the inter-angular relationships, is still considered hard to be understood by students. Therefore, there is a need for a learning model that is more interactive and can provide guidance for students to find the concepts by themselves. One of the alternative learning models that can be used is the guided inquiry, wherein that learning model, the students are the center of learning and the teacher is the facilitator and motivator of students’ learning. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method to describe the learning process that implemented the guided inquiry model. The research was conducted at one of the public junior high schools in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, namely SMP Negeri 3 Bantul in which the subject was 32 seventh graders. The research data were collected in the form of audio and video recordings, photos, and student activity sheets. The data were analyzed by reducing, presenting, and concluding, then it was written in the form of descriptive narration. The results demonstrated that the implementation of the guided inquiry model in the inter-angular relationships learning that consisted of three meetings with several learning activities described an excellent learning process.

KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI, PESERTA OSK MATEMATIKA TINGKAT SD, DAN STRATEGI THINK, TALK, AND WRITE Alberta Parinters Makur; Rully Charitas Indra Prahmana; Bedilius Gunur
Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Vol 12, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jpm.12.2.5677.23-32

This research begins with the formation of preparatory classes towards OSN Mathematics at Manggarai-NTT Regency level. This is based on the evaluation of the implementation of the Math Olympiad at the elementary level held by the Mathematics Education Department STKIP Santu Paulus. This study aims to improve students’ higher order thinking skills by using Think, Talk, and Write (TTW) strategy in introductory olympiad class. It was action research conducted at Manggarai District with six students taken from different schools selected based on their mathematics achievement. Data were obtained through observation and test. The data analysis and interpretation show that the implementation of Think, Talk, and Write (TTW) strategy can improve students' higher order thinking skills. This can be seen from the increase in the average value of test results in each cycle that is Pre cycle 51.3; cycle I 62.2; and cycle II 71 followed by improvement of learning mastery with presentation of value of each cycle that is pre-cycle 0%; cycle I 50%; and cycle II 83,3%. In particular, one of the students became the first winner in OSK Matematika at Manggarai District level.

PERMAINAN “TEPUK BERGILIR” YANG BERORIENTASI KONSTRUKTIVISME DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KONSEP KPK SISWA KELAS IV A DI SD N 21 PALEMBANG Rully Charitas Indra Prahmana
Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Vol 4, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jpm.4.2.406.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari permainan tepuk tangan secara bersamaan (tepuk bergilir), yang berorientasi konstruktivisme yang valid dan praktis, dalam pembelajaran konsep Kelipatan Persekutuan Terkecil (KPK) siswa kelas IV SD. Pembelajaran yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini, dibawakan oleh Nila, Sasa, Rully, ditemani oleh bu Neti, selaku guru kelas, dan diikuti oleh 23 siswa. Sebelum memulai pembelajaran, didapatkan informasi, bahwa bu Neti telah mengajarkan materi kelipatan kepada siswa. Sehingga, disain pembelajaran dimulai dengan me-review kembali materi kelipatan, dengan permainan â€œtepuk bergilirâ€, kemudian memandu mereka untuk lebih memahami apa itu kelipatan. Selanjutnya, level permainan ditingkatkan, dengan membagi siswa menjadi 2 kelompok dan melakukan permainan diatas secara bersamaan, yang bertujuan menggiring siswa ke arah pembelajaran persekutuan. Akhirnya, pembelajaran ditutup dengan mencari bilangan terkecil dari persekutuan bilangan sebelumnya, sehingga di dapat nilai KPK dari 2 bilangan yang diberikan. Hasil-nya, siswa mampu memahami pelajaran KPK dengan baik dan mampu menyelesaikan soal-soal yang diberikan.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jpm.4.2.406.

ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN PERMASALAHAN OPERASI BENTUK ALJABAR Dewi Malihatuddarojah; Rully Charitas Indra Prahmana
Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Vol 13, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jpm.13.1.6668.1-8

Aljabar merupakan subjek yang sangat penting dalam pembelajaran matematika. Oleh karena itu, siswa khususnya pada tingkat SMP kelas VII harus dapat memahami konsep ini dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan miskonsepsi siswa kelas VII dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan operasi bentuk aljabar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas VII SMP Muhammadiyah Kalasan. Instrumen pada penelitian ini berupa sebuah tes yang terdiri dari 10 soal tentang operasi bentuk aljabar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa melakukan beberapa kesalahan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan tentang operasi bentuk aljabar, seperti kesalahan pada variabel, kesalahan pada tanda negatif, kesalahan pada menyelesaikan bentuk persamaan aljabar, kesalahan pada pengoperasian bentuk aljabar, dan kesalahan dalam penyelesaian bentuk pecahan.

DESIGNING LEARNING TRAJECTORY OF SET THROUGH THE INDONESIAN SHADOW PUPPETS AND MAHABHARATA STORIES Irma Risdiyanti; Rully Charitas Indra Prahmana
Jurnal Infinity Vol 10, No 2 (2021): VOLUME 10, NUMBER 2, INFINITY
Publisher : IKIP Siliwangi and I-MES

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22460/infinity.v10i2.p331-348

Indonesia has many cultures that can be used as a starting point in learning mathematics. Yet, many teachers still use conventional methods to provide explicit mathematical content without connecting with students' culture and daily activities. One of the learning approaches that can solve these problems is Realistic Mathematics Education (RME). This approach uses context as one of its characteristics containing students' culture and their daily activities. On the other hand, Wayang (Indonesian shadow puppets) and Mahabharata stories have the characteristics that can be a context in the learning of set. This research aims to design the Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) of the set using the RME approach through Wayang and Mahabharata stories, which are familiar with students' culture in Yogyakarta. This HLT will then be tested on students in further research until it becomes the Local Instructional Theory (LIT) on set. Students can study about set by grouping Wayang in Mahabharata stories based on their characters. The research result is the HLT of set through the context of wayang and Mahabharata stories containing learning goals, learning activities, and the conjecture of every activity. This HLT can be a promising solution to overcome students' difficulties in understanding the concept of sets and values in the cultural context to improve the students' character.

TWO DECADES OF REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION RESEARCH IN INDONESIA: A SURVEY Rully Charitas Indra Prahmana; Laela Sagita; Wahyu Hidayat; Niken Wahyu Utami
Jurnal Infinity Vol 9, No 2 (2020): VOLUME 9, NUMBER 2, INFINITY
Publisher : IKIP Siliwangi and I-MES

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22460/infinity.v9i2.p223-246

Freudenthal's ideas on mathematics that stated mathematics as a human activity and mathematics must be connected to reality have colored towards learning mathematics all over the world, including Indonesia. Existing research on this topic in Indonesia among two decades is categorized and compared. This paper presents a systematic literature review of empirical studies on this learning approach in Indonesian context. The implementation of this approach in Indonesia was analyzed comprehensively and divided into several major topics. Resources of this research come from 110 articles by ten highest rank accredited journals by the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, the Republic of Indonesia as an achievement for the peer-reviewed journal, which has excellent quality in management and publication. The results show that there are seven categories summarized in this research: the dominance of published RME articles, RME research subjects, mathematical topics, students' abilities, RME terms, and the research method used in RME articles. Lastly, the summarized 110 papers are displayed in the table to give essential information as a fundamental idea for further RME research.

ETHNOMATHEMATICS: PRANATAMANGSA SYSTEM AND THE BIRTH-DEATH CEREMONIAL IN YOGYAKARTA Rully Charitas Indra Prahmana; Wahid Yunianto; Milton Rosa; Daniel Clark Orey
Journal on Mathematics Education Vol 12, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Doctoral Program on Mathematics Education, Sriwijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jme.12.1.11745.93-112

Mathematics exists as rooted in human ideas, ways, and techniques to respond to their environments. Along with its development, mathematics has been taught through formal education or schooling in the flat- not flexible ways and far from students' social and cultural lives. Indonesia is rich with culture, including the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). It is called a city of culture. Educators are not yet aware of this richness in the learning process to integrate it as the starting point. It is hard to find in mathematics textbooks in Indonesia, which put cultural context as starting points. Therefore, this study aims to explore Yogyakarta's culture in terms of contexts used in mathematics learning. It is an ethnography study. Furthermore, the data was collected through literature artifacts, field observation, and interviews with resource persons who understand the seasons, system, and calculation of birth and death days. It is to clarify the researcher's understanding of the literature. This study showed that Yogyakarta's people use mathematical modeling to determine the seasons' system and funerary dates. These models have the potential to be used as a starting point in learning mathematics.

Learning Multiplication Using Indonesian Traditional game in Third Grade Rully Charitas Indra Prahmana; Zulkardi Zulkardi; Yusuf Hartono
Journal on Mathematics Education Vol 3, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Department of Doctoral Program on Mathematics Education, Sriwijaya University

Several previous researches showed that students had difficulty in understanding the basic concept of multiplication. Students are more likely to be introduced by using formula without involving the concept itself. This underlies the researcher to design a learning trajectory of learning multiplication using Permainan Tradisional Tepuk Bergambar(PT2B) as a context based on the student experience. The purpose of this research is to look at the role of PT2B in helping students'understanding in learning multiplication, which evolved from the informal to formal level in third grade with Pendidikan MatematikaRealistik Indonesia (PMRI) approach. The method used is design research starting from preliminary design, teaching experiments, and retrospective analysis. This research describes how PT2B make a real contribution to the third-grade students of SDN 179 Palembang to understand the concept of multiplication. The results showed PT2Bcontext can stimulate students to understand their knowledge of the multiplication concept. The whole strategy and model that students discover, describe and discuss shows how the students' construction or contribution can use to help their initial understanding of that concept. The stages in the learning trajectory of student have an important role in understanding the concept of the operation number from informal to the formal level.

EFFECTIVENESS OF GUIDED DISCOVERY-BASED MODULE: A CASE STUDY IN PADANG CITY, INDONESIA Delsi Kariman; Yulyanti Harisman; Anny Sovia; Rully Charitas Indra Prahmana
Journal on Mathematics Education Vol 10, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Department of Doctoral Program on Mathematics Education, Sriwijaya University

One of the research objectives was formulated to improve the quality of education, namely by understanding the problems of students and teachers. There were three main groups of quality characteristics of education highlighted in scientific and academic literature in Russia, namely the quality of educational objectives, the quality of the educational process, and the quality of educational outcomes. The problem of education in Indonesia is the quality of the education process. The development of teaching materials is an alternative to improve the quality of the education process. Research so far has only focused on the implementation of learning models by teachers in the classroom, but the model is not integrated into the teaching materials used. This paper examines how the effectiveness of a product that has been developed for two years on 27 Indonesian students. The product produced is a guided discovery-based module in the Complex Analysis subject. This product was developed after the preliminary analysis (defining) process. Students are given 16 modules during lectures; then students are given a final test containing all the competencies that must be achieved. Test results are scored, and statistical analyses are conducted to compare them with student score before using the module. The test used is t-test. The design used is one of the experimental research designs, One Shot Case Study. The results of the study showed that students who were taught with modules developed effectively to improve student learning outcomes. Further research can be done by implementing different learning models in teaching materials.

Co-Authors A. Aidahani A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Aan Hendroanto Abdel-Hamid, Rasha Hashim Abdul Aziz Adrelia, Dyah Indah Afifah Hanun Afit Istiandaru Afit Istiandaru, Afit Ageng Triyono Agus Darwanto Agustina Sri Purnami Ahmad Azhari Ahmad Muhammad Diponegoro Ai Len Gan Ajeng Ramadhani Aji Prasetya Wibawa Alberta Parinters Makur Alfa Saleh, Alfa Alfiatun Fitriani Ulfah Alghiffari, Eka Kevin Andi Aras Andriyani Andriyani Anggraini, Padhila Angraini, Padhila Ani Susanti Annisah Kurniati ANNISAH KURNIATI Anny Sovia Anny Sovia Aras, Andi Ardhi Ardhian Arie Purwa Kusuma Armianti Armianti Armianti, Armianti Arnal-Palacian, Monica Awaji, Bakri M. Bautista, Guillermo Jr. Bedilius Gunur Begué, Nuria Benidiktus Tanujaya Binti Anisaul Khasanah Buhaerah Buhaerah Buhaerah Buhaerah, Buhaerah Burhanudin Arif Nurnugroho Busrah, Zulfiqar Cosette Crisan Crisan, Cosette D'Ambrosio, Ubiratan Daniel Asamoah Daniel Clark Orey Danty Rahmasantika Darhim Darhim Dawuh Nuril Wildan Dedi Muhtadi Dedi Muhtadi, Dedi Delsi K Delsi K Dewi Malihatuddarojah Digdayana, Infiks Unggul Duano Sapta Nusantara Dwi Astuti Dyah Indah Adrelia Endo, Hiroyuki Enggar Tri Aulia Epi Balingga Epi Balingga, Epi Euis Eti Rohaeti Evans, Brian Evans, Brian R. Farida Nurhasanah Fawziah Zahrawati B Fitri, Nur Lailatul Fitri, Nur Lailatul Fitriyah Fitriyah Fran, Frankie A. Habibi Habibi Hanun, Afifah Hanun, Afifah Haryani Mohammad Heris Hendriana Heris Hendriana Heris Hendriana Heriyadi Heriyadi Hidayat, Agus Sofian Eka Hildegardis Mulu Hildegardis Mulu HU Kalsum I Made Dharma Atmaja Ibrahim Ibrahim Alhussain Khalil Ibrahim Alhussain Khalil Idrus, Sayid Wahyu Alwi Sidik Al Indah Lestari Irma Fatmawati Irma Fatmawati Irma Risdiyanti Irma Risdiyanti Irwan Akib Isaeni, Nita Isnaini, Uha Iswahyudi Joko Suprayitno Jeinne Mumu Jojo, Zingiswa Jumaisa Jumaisa Jumaisa, Jumaisa Juniarti, Anita Kartika Dyah Wardani Khairullah Khalil, Ibrahim Alhussain Khasanah, Mirsatun Klara Iswara Sukmawati Kristina Kurniati Kurniati, Annisah Kurniawati, Venny Kusaeri, Al Kusaka, Satoshi Laela Sagita Laela Sagita Laila Fatika Nuari Laila Fatika Nuari Laksmiwati, Pasttita Ayu Lavicza, Zsolt Lekë Pepkolaj Lestari, Resti Madiana Lina Handayani Lisnani Lisnani Lo, Jane-Jane M. Norhailawati Maisyarah, Siti Malihatuddarojah, Dewi Manikmaya, Pratita Maryati Maryati Maryati Maryati Maryati Maryati Masitah Shahrill Masitah Shahrill Masitah Shahrill, Masitah Maureen Siew Fang Chong Mayangwuri, Sotya Megawati - Meita Fitrianawati Miftahul Hidayah, Miftahul Milton Rosa Mónica Arnal-Palacián Mónica Arnal-Palacián Muhamad Saleh Muhammad Isa Muhammad Isa Mulia Putra Mumu, Jeinne Murni Murni Murni Musafir Rastuti Muya Barida Nguyen, Tien-Trung Niken Wahyu Utami Nisa Syakrina Novi Murniati Novi Murniati, Novi Noviyanti, Putu Ledyari Nuari, Laila Fatika Nuari, Laila Fatika Nur Lailatul Fitri Nur Lailatul Fitri Nur Robiah Nofikusumawati Peni Nurdiansyah Nurdiansyah Nuria Begué Nurnaningsih, Laila Nurul Fajri Oktarika Trissiana Oktavia Filda Yanti Oktavia Filda Yanti, Oktavia Filda Oktinasari, Hanifah Orey, Daniel Clark Padhila Angraini Padhila Angraini Pangestuti, Suci Pardi, Muhamamad Habib Husnial Payadnya, I Putu Ade Andre Pebrianto Pebrianto Pebrianto, Pebrianto Pepkolaj, LekÃ« Pepkolaj, Lekë Permita, Adinda Indah Petra Suwasti Petra Suwasti, Petra Puguh Wahyu Prasetyo, Puguh Pujiastuti, Nur Ika Puri Pramudiani Putranti, Sagita Dyah Putrawangsa, Susilahudin Rachmadi Widdiharto, Rachmadi Ragil Fitriani Rahayu, Winda Rahma Wahyu Rahmah, Nada Auliya Rahmasantika, Danty Rahmasantika, Danty Rahmi Purwitaningrum Rahmi Ramadhani Ramda, Apolonia Hendrice Ratu Ilma Indra Putri Resti Madiana Lestari Resti Madiana Lestari Retnawati, Sri Reza Lestari Risdiyanti, Irma Risdiyanti, Irma Risnawati Ahmad, Risnawati Risnawati Risnawati Risnawati Risnawati Ristiana, Novita Risty Mustika Hardini Rita Novita Rizqa Yunisha Robiansyah Robiansyah Robiansyah, Robiansyah Rosa, Milton Roy, La Rusli P. D. Kolnel Sabitzer, Barbara Sagita Dyah Putranti Sahar Abbas Ibrahim Samsul Arifin Schmidthaler, Eva Setialaksana, Wirawan - Setyawan, Fariz SH Bakri Shahidayanti, Tutik Silfanus Jelatu Siti Maisyarah Soeharto Sofwan Adiputra, Sofwan Sri Adi Widodo Sri Adi Widodo Sukirwan Sukirwan Sukirwan Sukirwan Sukmawati, Klara Iswara Sundari Gita Pertiwi Syakrina, Nisa Syakrina, Nisa Tanikawa, Kanako Teguh Wibowo Tika Septia Tika Septia Tri Sutanti Tri Sutanti, Tri Trissiana, Oktarika Tumangger, Wana Rukmana Ubiratan D'Ambrosio Uha Isnaini Ulfah, Alfiatun Fitriani Venny Kurniawati Wahid Yunianto Wahyu Hidayat Wahyu Hidayat Wahyu Hidayat Wahyu Hidayat Wahyu, Rahma Warsito Warsito Warsito Warsito Wildan, Dawuh Nuril Winda Rahayu Wiwik Wiyanti Wiwik Wiyanti, Wiwik Wiyatno, Toyo Yaya S Kusumah Yulyanti Harisman Yundari, Yundari Yunianto, Wahid Yunisha, Rizqa Yusuf Hartono Zahrawati B, Fawziah Zainuri Saringat Zubaidah Amir MZ Zubaidah Amir MZ Zulfiqar Busrah Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi

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