Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
10.848
P-Index
This Author published in this journals
All Journal ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Jurnal Teknoin Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences Reaktor International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Rekam : Jurnal, Fotografi, Televisi Animasi Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan PROFIT : Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology JPSE (Journal of Physical Science and Engineering) Sinkron : Jurnal dan Penelitian Teknik Informatika JKBM (JURNAL KONSEP BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN) Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology EKONOMIS : Journal of Economics and Business Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Communications in Science and Technology Jurnal Rekayasa Proses JURNAL EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT ALGORITMA : JURNAL ILMU KOMPUTER DAN INFORMATIKA Brikolase : Jurnal Kajian Teori, Praktik dan Wacana Seni Budaya Rupa Jurnal Ilmiah Penegakan Hukum Jurnal Manajemen Informasi Kesehatan Indonesia (JMIKI) Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran (JRPP) JENIUS (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia) ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Journal of Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Studi Kebijakan (JIASK) Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial (JMPIS) Indonesian Community Service and Empowerment Journal (IComSE) Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research (JIEMAR) Journal of Economics and Business UBS Journal of Applied Data Sciences Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Charity : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat JIKEM: Jurnal Ilmu Komputer, Ekonomi dan Manajemen Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Sistem Komputer Terapan (JIKSTRA) Indonesian Journal of Innovation Studies Abimanyu: Journal of Community Engagement Prosiding Snastikom Jurnal Keperawatan INDOGENIUS SENTRI: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Blend Sains Jurnal Teknik Prioritas : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Co-Creation : Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Manajemen Akuntansi dan Bisnis Jurnal Sosial dan Sains eProceedings of Art & Design International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Arts Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business Applied Engineering and Technology Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Journal Global Technology Computer Buletin Utama Teknik Kriez Academy International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Sistem Informasi Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Agroteknologi Merdeka Pasuruan Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Journal of Fisheries & Marine Jurnal Audit, Pajak, Akuntansi Publik Jurnal Rekayasa Proses SYAHADAT: Journal of Islamic Studies Mekongga: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat INOVASI: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan, dan Manajemen POTENSI: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Ekonomi dan Bisnis Journal of Computer Science Artificial Intelligence and Communications TECHNOLOGIC Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Teknik Informatika Jurnal Bahasa Rupa Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berdampak
Arief Budiman
Chemical Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Astronomy Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Other

Published : 121 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 121 Documents
Search

 1   2   3   4   5 
The Effect of Biomass-Water Ratio on Bio-crude Oil Production from Botryococcus braunii using Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process Laras Prasakti; Rochmadi Rochmadi; Arief Budiman
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 13, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (230.623 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.48963

Abstract

The increasing demand of energy in Indonesia has led to the urgency to conduct research and development in renewable energy. Biomass is one of the largest renewable energy sources in Indonesia. For biomass to energy conversion, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has been considered as one of the potential methods where biomass is processed using subcritical water to produce bio-oil, aqueous phase, gas, and solid product. In this research, the effect of biomass-water ratio on hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process of microalgae Botryococcus braunii has been investigated. The HTL was conducted using biomass/water ratio 1:10, 1:20 and 1:30 with various holding time for each ratio. The product was bio-crude oil with similar characteristics to crude oil. Experimental results showed that biomass-water ratio affected the distribution of bio-crude oil yields. For biomass-water ratio of 1:10 and 1:20, it was found that bio-crude oil yields reached a maximum at 20 minutes, while the highest bio-crude oil yield of 4% was obtained at biomass-water ratio of 1:10. On the other hand, with biomass-water ratio of 1:30, bio-crude oil yield was continuously increasing with holding time until it reached the maximum yield of 4% at 40 minutes of holding time. The aforementioned results indicated that the highest bio-crude oil yield was obtained using biomass-water ratio 1:10 and 20 minutes of HTL processing time. A B S T R A KPeruraian anaerobik merupakan salah satu bidang riset yang sangat menarik perhatian dalam era krisis energi. Biogas tidak hanya menyediakan energi alternatif, tetapi juga dapat mencegah pencemaran akibat limbah organik. Limbah lemak susu adalah substrat yang potensial untuk proses peruraian anaerobik karena memiliki potensi biogas teoritis yang tinggi akibat kandungan lemaknya yang tinggi. Namun, peruraian anaerobik dari limbah organik dengan kandungan lemak yang tinggi memiliki tantangan tersendiri. Hambatan utama dalam peruraian anaerobik dari limbah lemak susu adalah kecenderungan untuk membentuk lapisan padatan yang tidak larut dan mengapung di bagian atas fase cair. Fenomena ini menghambat akses bakteri hidrolisis terhadap substrat. Saponifikasi adalah salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kelarutan lapisan padatan tersebut, sehingga meningkatkan ketersediaan substrat untuk bakteri. Saponifikasi akan mengubah kandungan lemak menjadi sabun yang memiliki gugus fungsi polar maupun non-polar. Gugus fungsi yang bersifat polar akan meningkatkan kelarutan substrat dalam air. Studi ini mengevaluasi pengaruh dari berbagai dosis larutan basa yang ditambahkan sebagai reaktan selama perlakuan awal saponifikasi terhadap peruraian anaerobik limbah lemak susu. Kinetika proses peruraian anaerobik dianalisis dengan menggunakan model matematika. Variasi dosis yang diamati pengaruhnya untuk perlakuan awal saponifikasi adalah 0,04 mol basa/g sCOD; 0,02 mol basa/g sCOD; dan nol (tanpa perlakuan awal saponifikasi). Dari penelitian ini, terbukti bahwa saponifikasi berhasil meningkatkan kelarutan limbah lemak susu dan juga ditunjukkan oleh nilai konstanta hidrolisis (kH) 0,00782/hari lebih tinggi dua puluh kali lipat dibandingkan dengan nilai kH 0,00032/hari pada reaktor tanpa saponifikasi. Akan tetapi, penelitian ini juga mengindikasikan bahwa bakteri asidogenik bawaan substrat terhambat kinerjanya oleh paparan pH yang tinggi selama perlakuan awal saponifikasi berlangsung sehingga hasil gas metan yang diperoleh lebih rendah daripada reaktor kontrol.
Biochar from Slow Catalytic Pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis Residue: Effects of Temperature and Silica-Alumina Catalyst on Yield and Characteristics Siti Jamilatun; Ilham Mufandi; Arief Budiman; Suhendra Suhendra
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 14, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.56221

Abstract

The use of biochar varies on its ability as an adsorbent which adsorbs liquid or gas molecules. Biochar from Spirulina platensis residue (SPR) as an energy source, as its richness in nutrients, can be used as fertilizer and maintain water resources in plantations. Biochar can be used as an intermediary for the synthesis of nanotubes, activated carbon, carbon black, and carbon fiber. One of the essential things to be considered in the application of activated carbon from SPR is char’s characteristics. This study aimed to obtain data on the biochar and components from the pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis residue. The study was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor with electric heaters with a variety of temperatures (300-700 ⁰C) and the amount of silica-alumina catalyst (0-20%). The biochar weight was obtained by weighing the char formed at the end of the pyrolysis. The char characteristics were obtained by the surface area, total pore volume, and pore size analysis. Based on the study results, the relationship between temperature and the amount of catalyst on the characteristics of biochar was studied. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the less biochar. Also, the use of catalysts can reduce the amount of biochar. The higher the temperature, the higher the surface area and the total pore volume while the pore radius was reduced. The optimum condition for maximum biochar yield in non-catalytic pyrolysis at a temperature of 300 ⁰C was 49.86 wt.%. The surface area, the total pore volume, and the pore radius at 700 ⁰C catalytic pyrolysis with 5% silica-alumina was obtained as 36.91 m2/g, 0.052 cm3/g, and 2.68 nm, respectively.Keywords: biochar; pore radius; silica-alumina; surface area; total pore volumeA B S T R A KPenggunaan biochar bervariasi pada kemampuannya sebagai adsorben dalam menjerap molekul cairan atau gas. Biochar dari residu Spirulina platensis merupakan sumber energi, karena kaya akan unsur hara, dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk dan pemeliharaan sumber daya air di perkebunan. Biochar dapat juga digunakan sebagai perantara untuk sintesis nanotube, karbon aktif, carbon black, dan serat karbon. Salah satu hal penting yang harus diperhatikan dalam aplikasi karbon aktif dari SPR adalah karakteristik arang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data biochar dan komponen dari pirolisis residu Spirulina platensis. Penelitian dilakukan di reaktor fixed-bed dengan pemanas listrik dengan variasi suhu (300-700 ⁰C) dan jumlah katalis silika-alumina (0-20%). Berat biochar diperoleh dengan cara menimbang arang yang terbentuk pada akhir pirolisis. Sedangkan karakteristik arang diperoleh dari analisis luas permukaan, volume pori total, dan ukuran pori. Berdasarkan hasil studi hubungan antara suhu dan jumlah katalis terhadap karakteristik biochar yang telah diteliti, semakin tinggi suhu pirolisis maka biochar semakin sedikit. Selain itu, penggunaan katalis dapat mengurangi jumlah biochar. Sebaliknya, semakin tinggi suhu semakin besar luas permukaan, dan volume pori total serta radius pori-pori semakin berkurang. Kondisi optimum untuk biochar maksimum pada pirolisis non katalitik pada suhu  300 ⁰C adalah 49,86 wt.%. Luas permukaan, total volume pori, dan radius pori pada suhu 700 ⁰C untuk pirolisis katalitik silika-alumina 5% diperoleh masing-masing sebesar 36,91 m2/g, 0,052 cm3/g, dan 2,68 nm.Kata kunci: biochar; luas permukaan; radius pori; silika-alumina; total volume pori  
STUDI KINETIKA REAKSI HETEROGEN α-PINENE MENJADI TERPINEOL DENGAN KATALISATOR ASAM KHLORO ASETAT Herti Utami; Arief Budiman; Sutijan Sutijan; Roto Roto; Wahyudi Budi Sediawan
Reaktor Volume 13, Nomor 4, Desember 2011
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (135.332 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.13.4.248-253

Abstract

KINETIC STUDY OF HETEROGENEOUS HYDRATION OF α-PINENE TO TERPINEOL USING CHLORO ACETIC ACID AS A CATALYST. Indonesian turpentine contains 65-85% α-pinene, 1% camphene, 1-3% β-pinene, 10-18% 3-carene and limonene 1-3%. In order to obtain more valuable products, α-pinene can be hydrated in dilute acid solutions to produce terpineol, which can be used as perfume, insect repellent, antifungal, disinfectant etc. The aim of this research was to study kinetics of terpineol synthesis from α-pinene, the main component of turpentine Turpentine was introduced into a batch reactor (tree neck flask) equipped with condenser, thermometer, stirrer and was warmed up to the desired temperature with the reaction time of 420 minutes. The study investigated the effects of temperature, catalyst amount, and the stirring rate on the hydration of α-pinene. The heterogeneous kinetics model was proposed to quantitavely describe the hydration process of α-pinene. The results of this study showed the relationship of the constants of the reaction rate and temperatures. The equations can be written as follow and . The relative errors were 2.80% and 2.19%, respectively. It was found that the chemical reaction step controlled the hydration process. The results of this study show that the proposed heterogeneous kinetics model can quantitatively describe the hydration of α-pinene using chloro acetic acid as catalyst very well.   Abstrak   Terpentin Indonesia mengandung 65-85% α-pinene, 1% camphene, 1-3% β-pinene, 10-18% 3-carene dan limonene 1-3%. Untuk meningkatkan nilai jual, α-pinene dapat dihidrasi dalam medium asam menjadi terpineol yang dapat digunakan untuk bahan parfum, penangkal serangga, anti jamur,  desinkfektan dll. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari studi kinetika reaksi sintesa terpineol dari α-pinene yang merupakan komponen utama terpentin. Terpentin sebanyak volume tertentu dipanaskan dalam reaktor batch labu leher tiga yang dilengkapi dengan pendingin balik, thermometer dan pengaduk sehingga mencapai suhu tertentu dengan waktu reaksi selama 420 menit. Variabel yang dipelajari adalah suhu, jumlah mol katalis dan kecepatan pengadukan. Model kinetika heterogen diajukan untuk menggambarkan proses hidrasi α-pinene tersebut. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh hubungan antara konstanta kecepatan reaksi dengan suhu dapat dinyatakan dengan persamaan berikut dan . Jika dipakai untuk menghitung k1 dan k2 persamaan tersebut memberikan ralat rata-rata sebesar 2,80% dan 2,19%. Reaksi kimia lebih berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan proses hidrasi secara keseluruhan. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh bahwa model kinetika reaksi heterogen yang diajukan dapat menggambarkan secara kuantitatif reaksi hidrasi α-pinene dengan katalisator asam khloro asetat.
The Impact of Electric Vehicle on Road Transportation in Indonesia: Energy Demand and CO2 Emission Arif Yulianto Widi Kurniawan; Ahmad Agus Setiawan; Arief Budiman
JPSE (Journal of Physical Science and Engineering) Vol 5, No 2 (2020): JPSE (Journal of Physical Science and Engineering)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Light Duty Vehicle (LDV) for road transportation in Indonesia is the biggest energy consumption with most of the energy carriers from refined fuel oil with high CO2 emission. Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) is one of the alternatives to reduce oil consumption and CO2 emission on the road transportation sector. This research is carried to analyse impact on BEV on energy demand and carbon emission. Modified Mobility Model (MoMo) with PUCE methods was developed to projecting road transportation demand in Indonesia. This research shows that road transportation will reach 519 MBoe in 2040 with 83.6% from refined fuel oil. With moderate EV, energy will be reduced by 31 MBoe (6%), and refined fuel oil reduced by 8.5%. With a high EV scenario, energy will be reduced by 57 MBoe (14%) and refined fuel oil reduced by 16%. CO2 emission will be reduced up to 4.8 to 8.8% in 2040.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um024v5i22020p036
Studies on Epoxidation of Tung oil with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Sulfuric Acid Eni Budiyati; Rochmadi Rochmadi; Arief Budiman; Budhijanto Budhijanto
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 3 Year 2020 (December 2020)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8243.674-686

Abstract

Tung oil with an iodine value (IV) of 99.63 g I2/100 g was epoxidized in-situ with glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in the presence sulfuric acid as catalyst. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of mole ratio of H2O2 to unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), reaction time and catalyst concentration in Tung oil epoxidation. The reaction kinetics were also studied. Epoxidation was carried out for 4 h. The reaction rates and side reactions were evaluated based on the IV and the conversion of the epoxidized Tung oil to oxirane. Catalytic reactions resulted in higher reaction rate than did non-catalytic reactions. Increasing the catalyst concentration resulted in a large decrease in the IV and an increase in the conversion to oxirane at the initial reaction stage. However, higher catalyst concentration in the epoxidation reaction caused to a decrease in reaction selectivity. The mole ratio of H2O2 to UFA had an influence identical to the catalyst concentration. The recommended optimum mole ratio and catalyst concentration in this study were 1.6 and 1.5%, respectively. The highest conversion was 48.94% for a mole ratio of 1.6. The proposed kinetic model provided good results and was suitable for all variations in reaction temperature. The activation energy (Ea) values were around 5.7663 to 76.2442 kcal/mol. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Experimental and Kinetic Modeling of Galactose Valorization to Levulinic Acid Retno Ringgani; Muhammad Mufti Azis; Rochmadi Rochmadi; Arief Budiman
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2022: BCREC Volume 17 Issue 2 Year 2022 (June 2022)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.2.14032.451-465

Abstract

Levulinic acid, a versatile chemical building block, was derived from C6-sugar galactose using sulfuric acid as the catalyst. Galactose is monosaccharide of polysaccharides constituent that is mostly contained in third generation biomass, macro-microalgae. It currently receives high attention to be a source of renewable feedstock. The effect of temperature, catalyst concentration and initial substrate loadings were studied for 60 min, in the temperature range of 150–190 °C, acid concentration of 0.25–0.75 M and initial substrate loading of 0.05–0.25 M. The highest levulinic acid yield of 40.08 wt% was achieved under the following conditions: 0.05 M galactose, 0.75 M acid concentration, 170 °C temperature, and 40 min reaction time. The kinetic model was developed by first order pseudo-irreversible reaction. The results showed that the proposed model could capture the experimental data well. These results suggested that galactose, derived from macro- and micro-algae, can potentially be converted and applied for platform chemicals. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Pemodelan dan Simulasi Kinetika Reaksi Alkoholisis Minyak Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas) dengan Katalisator Zirkonia Tersulfatasi Heri Rustamaji; Hary Sulistyo; Arief Budiman
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 4, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.571

Abstract

Biodiesel berhasil diproduksi dengan alkoholisis minyak jarak menggunakan katalisator zirkonia tersulfatasi. Proses alkoholisis dilakukan dalam suatu reaktor batch yang dilengkapi dengan pemanas, termokopel, pengaduk, termostat, dan pengambil sampel. Reaktor batch diisi dengan minyak jarak pagar, metanol dan katalisator. Reaksi selanjutnya dilakukan selama 120 menit dan sampel diambil setiap 15 menit. Model kinetika reaksi kimia disusun dan diselesaikan dengan MATLAB. Nilai faktor frekuensi tumbukan untuk reaksi tiga tahap adalah 5,13 x 103; 5,682 x 103, dan 2,534 x 103 (cm3/mgek) (cm3/g.kat/min). Sementara itu, nilai energi aktivasi reaksi berturut-turut adalah 4.176; 4.309,809 dan 6.018,623 kal/mol. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa tahap pengurangan trigliserida menjadi digliserida adalah tahap paling cepat dan tahap pengurangan monogliserida menjadi gliserol adalah tahap paling lambat.Kata kunci: minyak jarak pagar, alkoholisis, model kinetika reaksi, katalisator asam padatJatropha oil is a very potential source of biodiesel fuel that can be processed through alcoholysis. In the present work, a study on alcoholysis of Jatropha oil with the use of solid acid catalyst was conducted in a wellmixed batch reactor. The study involved varying reaction temperatures of 100°C to 140°C, ethanol-oil molar ratio of 9, agitation speed of 1000 rpm and catalyst loading of 3% with respect to the oil. The reaction was carried out for 120 minutes; meanwhile samples were taken from the reactor every 15 minutes for glycerol analysis. In order to predict kinetics parameter of the alcoholysis reaction, a mathematical model of consecutive reactions was developed. The Matlab software was used to solve the simultaneous differential equations. Over the range of variables used in the experiment, the mathematical model was able to fit the experimental data quite well. The calculation results showed that the values of collision frequency factor for the consecutive reactions are 5.13 x 103; 5.682 x 103, and 2.534 x 103 (cm3/mgek) (cm3/g.cat/min). Meanwhile, the activation energies for the consecutive reaction are 4,176; 4,310 and 6,019 cal/mol. Keywords: jatropha curcas, methanolysis, kinetics modeling, solid acid catalyst
Kinetika Reaksi Alkyd Resin Termodifikasi Minyak Jagung dengan Asam Phtalat Anhidrat Heri Heriyanto; Rochmadi Rochmadi; Arief Budiman
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 5, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.1892

Abstract

Reaksi esterifikasi anhidrida phtalat dengan monogliserida merupakan reaksi kondensasi membentuk polimer dengan rantai linier. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kinetika reaksi alkid resin termodifikasi minyak jagung tanpa menggunakan katalis. Proses penelitian ada dua tahap yaitu tahap pertama reaksi alkoholisis dan tahap kedua reaksi esterifikasi. Tahap alkoholisis diawali dengan mereaksikan minyak jagung dan gliserol dengan perbandingan molar 1:2 pada suhu 250°C. Sampel diambil pada selang waktu 30 menit selama 3 jam untuk dianalisis kadar gliserol bebasnya dengan metode iodometri (FBI-AO2-03). Tahap esterifikasi adalah mencampurkan anhidrida phtalat ke dalam reaktor batch dengan perbandingan molar gliserol : anhidrida phtalat 3:2. Sampel dianalisis kadar gugus OH- dengan metode asetat anhidrida. Peubah-ubah yang dipelajari meliputi variasi suhu dari 230°C – 260°C dan variasi perbandingan ekivalen OH/COOH dari 1 – 1,25. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diambil kesimpulan bahwa minyak jagung dan gliserol dapat dialkoholisis tanpa menggunakan katalis pada kisaran suhu 230°C – 260°C. Pengaruh suhu terhadap konstanta kecepatan reaksi dinyatakan dengan persamaan Arrhenius adalah sebagai berikut : k1=1,4647×104 exp (-8237,7/T) (g/mgek.men) k4=2,1398×109 exp (-14142/T) (g/mgek.men) Kata kunci: alkoholisis, esterifikasi, minyak jagung, gliserol, anhidrida phtalat Esterification of phthalic anhydrate with monoglyceride is a condensation reaction to form a linear chain polymer. The present work aimed at investigating reaction kinetics of alkyd resin modified with corn oil in the absence of catalyst. The work consisted of two steps i.e. alcoholysis and esterification. In the alcoholysis step, corn oil and glycerol were brought into reaction with a molar ratio of 1:2 at 250°C. Every 30 minutes during 3 hour reaction, reaction products were sampled to analyse the remaining free glycerol by iodometry method (FBI-AO2-03). In the esterification step, phthalic anhydrate was put in the batch reactor with a glycerol-phthalic anhydrate molar of 3:2. Samples were taken and the hydroxyl ions were analysed by acetate anhydrate method. The variables investigated in the present work were reaction temperatures varied from 230°C to 260°C and equivalent OH/COOH ratio from 1 to 1.25. Experimental results showed that alcoholysis of corn oil and glycerol could be carried out in a temperature range of 230°C to 260°C without the presence of catalyst. The effect of temperature on the reaction rate constant of monoglyceride and phthalic ester formation could be respectively written in the Arrhenius correlations as follows: k1 = 1.4647.104 exp (-8237.7/T) g/mgeq.min k4 = 2.1398.109 exp (-14142/T) g/mgeq.min Keywords: alcoholysis, esterification, corn oil, glycerol, phthalic anhydrate
Kinetika Reaksi Esterifikasi Palm Fatty Acid Distilate (PFAD) menjadi Biodiesel dengan Katalis Zeolit-Zirkonia Tersulfatasi Masduki; Sutijan; Arief Budiman
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 7, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.4953

Abstract

Krisis energi karena menipisnya cadangan minyak bumi mendorong manusia untuk berinovasi menciptakan sumber energi alternatif. Salah satu sumber energi alternatif yang potensial untuk dikembangkan adalah biodiesel. Produksi biodiesel skala besar terkendala oleh harga bahan baku yang mahal dan cenderung bersaing dengan kebutuhan pangan. Oleh karena itu perlu dicari bahan baku yang lebih murah dan tidak bersaing dengan kebutuhan pangan. Salah satu bahan yang dapat memenuhi kepentingan tersebut adalah Palm Fatty Acid Distilate (PFAD). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kinetika reaksi esterifikasi PFAD menjadi biodiesel dengan katalis zeolit zirkonia tersulfatasi. Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) sebagai sumber asam lemak diesterifikasi menjadi biodiesel di dalam labu leher tiga yang dilengkapi dengan pemanas, pengaduk dan sistem refluks. Untuk memperoleh data kinetika, sampel diambil pada interval waktu 10 menit untuk dianalisis konversi asam lemaknya. Model kinetika reaksi esterifikasi PFAD menjadi biodiesel didekati dengan reaksi pseudo-homogen orde satu dan reaksi heterogen katalitik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua model kinetika yang diusulkan cukup sesuai dengan data percobaan. Hasil perhitungan model reaksi pseudo-homogen menghasilkan energi aktivasi sebesar 11,60 kJ/mol dan faktor pre-eksponensial sebesar 5,82.1016 s-1. Sedangkan untuk model reaksi heterogen katalitik diperoleh energi aktivasi sebesar 950,46 kJ/mol dan faktor pre-eksponensial sebesar 4,11 x 1010 dm6.gkat-1.mol-1.s-1. Konversi reaksi maksimum sebesar 75,68% diperoleh pada waktu reaksi 80 menit, suhu reaksi 65°C dengan konsentrasi katalis 3% dan perbandingan mol PFAD:metanol = 1:10. Kata kunci: biodiesel, kinetika, esterifikasi, palm fatty acid distillate, zeolit zirkonia tersulfatasi. Energy crisis due to depletion of crude oil resources has been a motivation for alternative energy search. Biodiesel becomes a potential among other alternative energy sources. However, large scale biodiesel production is hampered by the raw materials which become expensive and tent to compete with the source of food needs. Therefore, a search for an alternative inexpensive raw material is necessary. Palm fatty acid distilate (PFAD) is one of alternative raw materials can be utilized. The present work objective was to investigate reaction kinetics of PFAD esterification for biodiesel with zirconium sulphated zeolite as catalyst. PFAD as a source of fatty acid underwent esterification to produce biodiesel in a three necked flask equiped with heater, stirrer and reflux condensor. In order to study the reaction kinetics, samples were collected consecutively every 10 minutes and the conversion of the fatty acid in each sample was determined. Here, two esterification reaction models were proposed i.e. pseudo-homogeneous first order reaction model and heterogeneous catalytic reaction model. The results showed that calculated conversion for both proposed models were in a good agreement with the experimental data. The pseudo homogeneous reaction model has an activation energy of 11.60 kJ/mole and a pre-exponential factor of 5.821016 s1. Whereas, the heterogeneous reaction model has an activation energy of 950.46 kJ/mole and pre-exponential factor of 4.111010 dm6.g cat1.mol1.s1. The maximum conversion of 75.68% was obtained at 80 minute reaction time, at 65C with the use of 3% catalyst and a PFAD:methanol molar ratio of 1:10. Keywords: biodiesel, kinetics, esterification, palm fatty acid distillate, zirconium sulphated zeolite.
The Effect of Biomass-Water Ratio on Bio-crude Oil Production from Botryococcus braunii using Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process Laras Prasakti; Rochmadi Rochmadi; Arief Budiman
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 13, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (230.623 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.48963

Abstract

The increasing demand of energy in Indonesia has led to the urgency to conduct research and development in renewable energy. Biomass is one of the largest renewable energy sources in Indonesia. For biomass to energy conversion, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has been considered as one of the potential methods where biomass is processed using subcritical water to produce bio-oil, aqueous phase, gas, and solid product. In this research, the effect of biomass-water ratio on hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process of microalgae Botryococcus braunii has been investigated. The HTL was conducted using biomass/water ratio 1:10, 1:20 and 1:30 with various holding time for each ratio. The product was bio-crude oil with similar characteristics to crude oil. Experimental results showed that biomass-water ratio affected the distribution of bio-crude oil yields. For biomass-water ratio of 1:10 and 1:20, it was found that bio-crude oil yields reached a maximum at 20 minutes, while the highest bio-crude oil yield of 4% was obtained at biomass-water ratio of 1:10. On the other hand, with biomass-water ratio of 1:30, bio-crude oil yield was continuously increasing with holding time until it reached the maximum yield of 4% at 40 minutes of holding time. The aforementioned results indicated that the highest bio-crude oil yield was obtained using biomass-water ratio 1:10 and 20 minutes of HTL processing time. A B S T R A KPeruraian anaerobik merupakan salah satu bidang riset yang sangat menarik perhatian dalam era krisis energi. Biogas tidak hanya menyediakan energi alternatif, tetapi juga dapat mencegah pencemaran akibat limbah organik. Limbah lemak susu adalah substrat yang potensial untuk proses peruraian anaerobik karena memiliki potensi biogas teoritis yang tinggi akibat kandungan lemaknya yang tinggi. Namun, peruraian anaerobik dari limbah organik dengan kandungan lemak yang tinggi memiliki tantangan tersendiri. Hambatan utama dalam peruraian anaerobik dari limbah lemak susu adalah kecenderungan untuk membentuk lapisan padatan yang tidak larut dan mengapung di bagian atas fase cair. Fenomena ini menghambat akses bakteri hidrolisis terhadap substrat. Saponifikasi adalah salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kelarutan lapisan padatan tersebut, sehingga meningkatkan ketersediaan substrat untuk bakteri. Saponifikasi akan mengubah kandungan lemak menjadi sabun yang memiliki gugus fungsi polar maupun non-polar. Gugus fungsi yang bersifat polar akan meningkatkan kelarutan substrat dalam air. Studi ini mengevaluasi pengaruh dari berbagai dosis larutan basa yang ditambahkan sebagai reaktan selama perlakuan awal saponifikasi terhadap peruraian anaerobik limbah lemak susu. Kinetika proses peruraian anaerobik dianalisis dengan menggunakan model matematika. Variasi dosis yang diamati pengaruhnya untuk perlakuan awal saponifikasi adalah 0,04 mol basa/g sCOD; 0,02 mol basa/g sCOD; dan nol (tanpa perlakuan awal saponifikasi). Dari penelitian ini, terbukti bahwa saponifikasi berhasil meningkatkan kelarutan limbah lemak susu dan juga ditunjukkan oleh nilai konstanta hidrolisis (kH) 0,00782/hari lebih tinggi dua puluh kali lipat dibandingkan dengan nilai kH 0,00032/hari pada reaktor tanpa saponifikasi. Akan tetapi, penelitian ini juga mengindikasikan bahwa bakteri asidogenik bawaan substrat terhambat kinerjanya oleh paparan pH yang tinggi selama perlakuan awal saponifikasi berlangsung sehingga hasil gas metan yang diperoleh lebih rendah daripada reaktor kontrol.
Co-Authors . Widayat Abdul Ghofur Abdul Rohman Achmad Halim Purbohandono Achmad Rizky Fazar Achmad Roesyadi Adidtya Perdana, Adidtya Afkarina, Izzeh Aflah, Arief agung setiawan Agus Aktawan, Agus Agus Suyono, Eko Ahda Hafidz, Anggaditya Ahmad Agus Setiawan Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman Yuliansyah Aini, Apsari Puspita Akly, Faisal Akmal, M. Alfarisi, Muhammad Alisharsa, Muhammad Dafa Alita Lelyana Alwiyah Alwiyah Amelia, Ria Anastasia Ary Noviyanti Andhika Puspito Nugroho Andini Putri, Egydia Ardy Aprilian Anwar Ari Usman, Ari Arif Yulianto Widi Kurniawan Arifin, A. Zainul Arum Wulandari, Hesti Ashari, Maajid Surya Putra Astiti, Adam Avido Yuliestyan Aydogmus, Ilkay Baehaqi Boy Arief Fachri Budhijanto Budhijanto Budhijanto Budhijanto Budhijanto Budhijanto Budhijanto Budhijanto Budhijanto Budhijanto, Budhijanto Budi Budi Budi BUDI SETIADI DARYONO Burhanto, Burhanto Cahyono, Rochim Bakti Chafid Fandeli Cindiati, Maya Damaiyanti, Mukhripah Damayanti, Fera Daniar Rianawati David David Dedi Irwan Defiani Putri Denanti Demmanggasa, Yultan Dewayanto , Nugroho Dewi, RD. D. Lokita Pramesti Dewi, Rike Tri Kumala Diana Diana Diananto Prihandoko Diansyah, T.M Diena Yudiarti Dwi Pratiwi Edy Yulianto Eko Agus Suyono Eko Agus Suyono Ely Afridiana Kuncoro Eni Budiyati Erfianti, Tia Erna Ferrinadewi Febrian, Wenny Desty Fitri Annisah lubis, Yessi Fitri Natalia Fitri, Linda Dwi Novial Galang Fitrianto, Wisesa Ghifari, Muhmmad Nurshandy Al Gusti, Alexander Kenzy Pinaring H Hadiyanto H.M. Edwar Juliartha Handayani, Fitriyani Yetti Handayani, Septy Handoko, Divi Harahap, Herlina Hary Sulistyo Heri Heriyanto Heri Rustamaji Herti Utami Husaini, M. Hutasuhut, Muhammad Rizki Hamdani Ilham Mufandi Ilham Mufandi Imas Komariah, Imas Imran Lubis Indriana Lestari Irgie, Rafi Irwan Setyaji ISKANDAR Istiqomah, Aisa Fadhilatul Jarman Arroisi Joko Waluyo Karilanata, Khalid Erlangga Khalidy, Furqan Kinanti, Isnatul Agil Kurnianto, Dedy Kurniawan, Aries Taufiq Kurniawan, Yulius Kusmeri, Kusmeri Kustiawan, Unggul Kusuma, Melvin Aryadika Lakilaki, Eogenie Laksana, Rio Dhani Lestari, Dwi Indah Lestari, Yuyun Dwi Lucia Tri Suwanti, Lucia Tri M Iqbal Maulana Ginting Maggandari, Revata Mahfuddin, Rohmat Makalew, Paulina Vega Mardiah Mardiah Mardyansah, Deviko Margaretha Praba Aulia Maria Theresia Sri Budiastuti Martomo Setyawan Marwa, Annisa Masduki Maswani Maswani, Maswani Mien Rukmini, Mien Minny Elisa Yanggah Mitha Puspitasari Mochammad Donny Koerniawan Muhammad Mufti Azis Muhammad Rivai Muhammad Saifi Muhammad Yudhi Rezaldi, Muhammad Yudhi Muis Murtadho Munadi, Yudhi Muzakar Isa Nabila Fauzi Nadza, Reza Nainggolan, Theodora MV Natalia, Fitri Naufalina, Fariha E Norjannah, Norjannah Nugroho Dewayanto, Nugroho Nur Wulan, Nur Nurafifah, Istini Nuril Huda Nurtiar, Haryo Oktafia, Linda Ortiz, Edixon Daniel Pandjaitan, Manahan Budiarto Panut Mulyono Pauzi, Riky Pereira, Julio Prabang Setyono Pradana, Yano Surya Prakasa, Razaan Mauli Al-Farizi Prasakti, Laras Prasetyo, Ridwan Budi Prima Astuti Handayani Putri Restu Dewati Putri, Renata Adaranyssa Egistha Qonita Maghfiroh, Khusnul R Rochmadi Rachmat Aulia, Rachmat Rachmawan Budiarto Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas Rediono, Erwin Regita, Nira C. Ridwan Budi Prasetyo Ringgani, Retno Riski, Sari Kurnia Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rojuaniah Rojuaniah Roto Roto Rozy, Ahmad Rusmiati, Elis Ryan Sadewo, Brilian S Sutijan Sadewo , Brilian Ryan Sarudin Sarudin, Sarudin Septiyaningsih Septiyaningsih Setianto, Diki Putra Setiantoro, Arief Eko Sholeh, Aminuddin Sihotang, Ferryanto Simanungkalit, Muhammad Iqbal Arghribi Sinaga, Jepriando Siregar, Muhammad Ramulia Siregar, Yosua Arihta R. Sada Siti Ferniah, Rejeki Siti Jamilatun Siti Jamilatun Siti Khadijah siti mudrikah Siti Soekiswati Siti Sundari Sitompul, Siti Cholijah Solly Aryza Sri Dwi Astuti Al Noor Sucahyati, Diarany Sugeng, Joko Suhendra Suhendra Suhendra Suhendra Sulistyawati Sulistyawati Sumitro Sumitro Suriati, Suriati Suryo Purwono Susanto, Try Sutijan Sutijan Sutijan Sutijan Sutijan Suyono, Dr. Eko Agus Syahputra, Tengku Tantri Yanuar Rahmat Syah Tarigan, Duncan Dancin Tiara Radinska Deanda Tommy Munaf Tommy, Tommy Topani, Ilham Tri Wahyu Setyaningrum, Tri Wahyu Ulfah Juniarti Siregar Ummul Khair Usman, Arie Utami, Dewi Ayu Anggraeni Vendy, Vicky Verawati, Linda Wahyu Wilopo Wahyudi Budi Sediawan Widodo, Condro widyastuti, ira Wijaya, R. Muh Syah Arief Atmaja Wiyono, Edi Wusana Agung Wibowo, Wusana Agung Yessi Fitri Annisah Lubis Yosa Fiandra Yulius Hari Yunita Sari Yuslainiwati, Yuslainiwati