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Ema Utami

Universitas Amikom Yogyakarta

Author-ID : 259410

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Comparison of Multilingual Model Sensitivity for Political Fact Verification with Integrated Multi-Evidence Nova Agustina; Kusrini Kusrini; Ema Utami; Tonny Hidayat
Journal of Applied Data Sciences Vol 7, No 2: May 2026
Publisher : Bright Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47738/jads.v7i2.1198

Political news is frequently targeted by the dissemination of fake news on social media, which can influence public opinion and undermine trust in democratic processes. The main challenge in addressing this issue lies in the limited sensitivity of cross-lingual fact verification models in capturing semantic relationships between claims and evidence in long-text, multi-evidence settings. Existing approaches often struggle to assess the relevance and quality of evidence, resulting in suboptimal verification performance. This study compares three multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs), namely mBERT, XLM-R, and LaBSE, for political fact verification using an integrated multi-evidence approach. Experiments are conducted on the PolitiFact dataset, with performance evaluated using sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and F1-score metrics.The results indicate that mBERT achieves the highest overall sensitivity at 89.44%, followed by LaBSE at 81.81% and XLM-R at 78.81%. However, mBERT exhibits lower precision, whereas LaBSE provides a better balance between precision (87.02%) and accuracy (86.46%), resulting in an F1-score of 84.33%. XLM-R demonstrates lower sensitivity but maintains competitive precision (85.47%) and accuracy (84.60%), with an F1-score of 82.00%. Sensitivity analysis based on the number of evidence reveals distinct model behaviors, where mBERT performs optimally with six pieces of evidence, XLM-R is more effective under limited evidence conditions, and LaBSE shows a stable and increasing sensitivity trend as the amount of evidence increases, indicating robustness in multi-evidence scenarios. Further statistical analysis shows that XLM-R has the lowest performance variance, while LaBSE statistically outperforms mBERT in several evaluation aspects. Overall, LaBSE is recommended as the most balanced model for multi-evidence-based political fact verification.

Co-Authors , Anggit Dwi Hartanto A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W AA Sudharmawan, AA Abdul Malik Zuhdi Abdullah Ardi Abdullah, Riska K Abdulrahmat E Ahmad Abyan Fauzi Widihasani Achmad Yusron Arif Ade Pujianto Adi Surya Adiatma, Biva Candra Lutfi Adipradana, Candra Afif, Muhammad Sholih Afifah Nur Aini Afis Julianto Aflahah Apriliyani Afu Ichsan Pradana Agun Nurul Widiyanto Agung Budi Prasetio Agung Budi Prasetio Agung Budi Prasetio Agung Budi Prasetyo Agung Dwi Cahyanto Agung Nurhidayatullah, Rizqy Agung Susanto Agus Fathurahman Agus Fatkhurohman AGUS PURWANTO Agustin, Tinuk Agustina Srirahayu Agustina, Nova Ahmad Fauzi Ahmad Febri Diansyah Ahmad Fikri Iskandar Ahmad Fikri Iskandar Ahmad Fikri Iskandar Ahmad Hajar Ahsan, Muhammad Rafiqudin Ahsan, Muhammad Rafiqudin Ainul Yaqin Ainul Yaqin Ainul Yaqin Aji Said Wahyudi Hidayat Akbar Akbar Akhmad Arif Faisal Siregar Akhmad Dahlan Al Fathir As, Rahmat Saudi Aldy A Kulakat Alfansani, Abdul Rauf Alfin Mahadi Alimuddin Yasin Alin, Octhavia Almi Yulistia Alwanda Alqowiy, Mohd Qorib Alsyaibani, Omar Muhammad Altoumi Alva Hendi Muhammad Alva Hendi Muhammad Alva Hendi Muhammad Alvhinia Meinda Amitaba Alvian Trias Kurniawan Alvian Trias Kurniawan Alvina Felicia Watratan Amali Amali Amir Fatah Sofyan Amir, Fail Amrullah, Ahmad Afief Amrullah, Ahmad Afief Amrullah, Yusuf Amri Andang Wijanarko Andhika Wisnu Widyatama Andhika Wisnu Widyatama Andi Sunyoto Andrie Prajanueri Kristianto Anggi Muhammad Rifai Anggit Dwi Hartanto Anggit Dwi Hartanto Anggit Dwi Hartanto Anggit Dwi Hartanto Anggit Dwi Hartanto Anggit Dwi Hartanto Anggit Dwi Hartanto Anggit Dwi Hartanto, Anggit Dwi Anggit Hartanto Anggriandi, Dendi Anip Moniva Anisa Rahmanti Anisya Nursyah Gusman Anjar Setiawan Annisa Rahayu P Anwar Sadad Ardi, Abdullah Arfian Hendro Priyono Arham Rahim Ari Rudiyan Arief Setyanto Arief, M.Rudyanto Arif Nur Rohman Arif Rahman Arif Santoso Arif Sutikno Arif, Achmad Yusron Aris Setiyadi aristin chusnul khotimah Arli Aditya Parikesit Armadiyah Amborowaty Armadyah Amborowati Armadyah Amborowati Armadyah Amborowati Armadyah Amborowati Armadyah Amborowati Armadyah Amborowati Arvi Pramudyantoro Arwin, Dwi Septiyani Arya Luthfi Mahadika Asrawi, Hannan Asro Nasiri Asro Nasiri Asro Nasiri Asro Nasiri Asro Nasiri Asrul Abdullah Astica, Yustikamasy Atin Hasanah Aziza Devita Indraswari Baiq Sri Mardiani Bambang Sumantri, R Bagus Bangun Watono Banu Dwi Putranto Basri, Nur Faizal Bayu Setiaji Béjar, Rodrigo Martínez Bety Wulan Sari BHANU SRI NUGRAHA Bima Widianto Bisono, Hadi Hikmadyo Biva Candra Lutfi Adiatma Bonifacius Vicky Indriyono Bonifacius Vicky Indriyono, Bonifacius Vicky Brahmantha, Gede Putra Aditya Budi, Agung Prasetio Buyut Khoirul Umri Cahya Pangestu, Galang Candra Adipradana Candra Aditya Pinuyut Carolina, Vinnesa Patricia Catur Iswahyudi Catur Iswahyudi Catur Riyono Heri Wibowo Cecep Yedi Permana Chan Uswatun Khasanah Chavid Syukri Fatoni Christina Andriyani Constantin Menteng D. Diffran Nur Cahyo Dalillah Razan S Danar Putra Pamungkas, Danar Putra Dandi Sunardi Dany Fajar Kristanto Saputro Wibowo David Agustriawan Dede Sandi Dedy Ikhsan Dedy Sugiarto Dengen, Angel Fourtuna Deny Nugroho Triwibowo Desy Bawan, Sarah Bunda Deta Oktariani Dewa Saksana, Jidan Dewi Yustika Lakoro Dhana Aulia Ayu Kurniawan Dhanar Intan Surya Saputra Dhani Ariatmanto DHANI ARIATMANTO Dhani Ratna Sari Dhani Ratna Sari, Dhani Ratna Dibyo Sudarsono Dimaz Arno Prasetio Dina Juni Marianti Dloifur Rohman Al Ghifari Donni Prabowo Donny Yulianto Dwi Ahmad Dzulhijjah Dwi Hartanto, Anggit Dwi Hartono, Anggit Dwi Rahayu Dwi Yuli Prasetyo Dzulhijjah, Dwi Ahmad Eddy Nurraharjo Edhy Sutanta (Jurusan Teknik Informatika IST AKPRIND Yogyakarta) Edi, Mohammad Eko Boedijanto, Eko Eko Darmanto Eko Pramono Eko Pramono Eko Pramono Eko Pramono Eko Purwanto Elim, Marthinus Ikun Elvis Pawan Elvis Pawan Emha Taufik Lutfi Emha Taufiq Luthfi Emilya Ully Artha Emilya Ully Artha Enie Yuliani Enni Lindrawati Ermawan, Bagas Restya Erwin Syahrudin Erwin Syahrudin Esha Alma'arif Fachruddin Edi Nugroho Saputro Fadhillah, Akmal Rafi Fahmi Ilmawan Fahry, Fahry Fail Amir Faisal Fadhila Fajar Ardanu Fajar Rohman Hariri Fajar Surya Putro Farid Fitriadi Fariz Zakaria Fathoni Dwiatmoko Fatoni, Chavid Syukri Fendi Sumanto Ferry Wahyu Wibowo Ferry Wahyu Wibowo Ferry Wahyu Wibowo Ferry Wahyu Wibowo Fersellia, Fersellia Fidya Farasalsabila Firdaus, M. Haikal Firdiyan Syah Firdiyan Syah Firstyani Imannisa Rahma Firstyani Imannisa Rahma Firza Septian Fitrah Eka Susilawati Fitriana, Frizka Fitriani Fitriani Fitrony, Fachri Ayudi Gabriel Bintang Timur Gardyas Bidari Adninda Ghifari, Dloifur Rohman Al Gusti F Rahman Gusti Fathur Rakhman Habib, Muhammad Hafidh Rezha Maulana Hafidz Sanjaya Hafidz Sanjaya, Hafidz Hafiz Ridha Pramudita Hafiz Ridha Pramudita, Hafiz Ridha Hajar, Muhammad Rizky Halim Bayuaji Sumarna Hamdani, Nahrowi Hamdikatama, Bimantyoso Hanafi Hanafi Hanafi Hanafi Hanafi Hani Setiani Hanif Al Fatta Hardita, Veny Cahya Hartanto, Anggit Dwi Hartatik Hary Susanto Hasna Nirfya Rahmandhani Hedy Leoni Henderi . Hendi Muhammad, Alva HENDRA SETIAWAN Hendrawan, Ivan Rifky Hendrik Setiawan, Hendrik Herda Dicky Ramandita Herlandro Tribiakto Hidayat, Jati Arif Hikmianto, Riki Hirmayanti Hirmayanti, Hirmayanti Hudha, Yans Safarid I Dewa Bagas Suryajaya, I Dewa Bagas I Made Adi Purwantara I Wayan Rangga Pinastawa Idris Idris Idris Idris Ikrahmi Ikrahmi Imam Ainuddin P Ina Sholihah Widiati, Ina Sholihah Indarto Indarto Irawan, Ridwan Dwi Irawan, Rio Irma Yanti Irsyad Khalid Ilyas Irwan Siswanto Iskandar, Ahmad Fikri Isra Andika Bakhri Ivan Rifky Hendrawan Ivan Rifky Hendrawan Ivan Rifky Hendrawan Jangkung Tri Nugroho Januario Freitas Araujo Bernardo Jihadul Akbar Juni Marianti, Dina Kartikasari Kusuma Agustiningsih Kasim, Rafli Junaidi Khifni Beyk Ahmad Khoirunnita, Aulia Khusnawi Khusnawi Krisnawati Krisnawati Kriswantoro, Andi Kumara Ari Yuana Kuncoro Hadi Kuncoro Hadi Kurniawan, Muhammad Bayu Kurniawan, Muhammad Bayu Kusnawi Kusnawi Kusrini Kuswantoro, RB. Hendri Langgeng Hadi Prasetijo Lewu, Retzi Lindrawati, Enni Lisa Dinda Yunita M Imam Budi Laksamana M. Imam Budi Laksamana M. Imam Budi Laksamana M. Nuraminudin M. Rudyanto Arief M. Rudyanto Arief M. RUDYANTO ARIEF M. Rudyanto Arief M. Rudyanto Arief M. Suyanto M. Suyanto, M. M. Syafri Lamato M. Ulil Albab M. Zainal Arifin M. Ziaurrahman Ma'ruf Aziz Muzani Mahdi Ridho Mahmud Zunus Amirudin Marianti, Dina Juni Maringka, Raissa Martina Endah Pratiwi Maulana Brama Shandy Megantara, Nugraha Asthra MEI PARWANTO KURNIAWAN Miftah Alfian Firdausy Mochammad Yusa Mochammad Yusa Mochammad Yusa Mochammad Yusa, Mochammad Moh Muhtarom Mohammad Edi Monalisa Fatmawati Sarifah Moniva, Anip Mudawil Qulub Muh Adha Muh Adha Muh Wal Ikram Muh Wal Ikram Muhajir, Fadhil Muhamad Arldi Megantara Muhamad Ekhsan Muhamad Fatahillah Z Muhamad Fatchan Muhamad Paliya Sadana Muhamad Ridwan Muhammad Akbar Maulana Muhammad Altoumi Alsyaibani Muhammad Anwar Fauzi Muhammad Arfina Afwani Muhammad Fadli Muhammad Fajrian Noor Muhammad Firdaus Abdi Muhammad Ilyas Prakanada Muhammad Iqbal Muhammad Lathifuddin Arif Muhammad Noor Arridho Muhammad Noor Arridho Muhammad Paliya Sadana Muhammad Resa Arif Yudianto Muhammad Ricky Perdana Putra Muhammad Ricky Perdana Putra Muhammad Rosikhu Muhammad Rusdi Rahman Muhammad Surahmanto Muhammad Suyanto, Muhammad Muhammad Syaiful Anam Muhammad Syukri Mustafa Muhammad Syukri Mustafa, Muhammad Syukri Mukhadimah Mukhlishah, Aiman Mursyid Ardiansyah Mutiara Dwi Anggraini NABILA OPER NAHROWI HAMDANI Nahrun Hartono Nahrun Hartono, Nahrun Nalda Kresimo Negoro Napianto, Riduwan Nasiri, Asro Ngaeni, Nurus Sarifatul Ngajiyanto, Ngajiyanto Ni Nyoman Utami Januhari, Ni Nyoman Nita Helmawati Nita Helmawati Nova Agustina Nova Noor Kamala Sari Nugroho Setio Wibowo Nugroho, Jangkung Tri Nugroho, Muhammad Agung Nuk Ghurroh Setyoningrum Nuk Ghurroh Setyoningrum Nur Hamid Sutanto Nur Hamid Sutanto Nur?aini, Nur?aini Nura Nugraha, Icha Nurcahyo, Azriel Christian Nurfaizah Nurfaizah Nurfajri Asfa Nurhasan Nugroho Nuri Cahyono Nurmasani, Atik Nurul Ilma Hasana Kunio Nurul Pratiwi, Annisa Okfan Rizal Ferdiansyah Oktariani, Deta Olivia Maria Inacio Tavares Omar Muhamammad Altoumi Alsyaibani Omar Muhammad Altoumi Alsyaibani Pangera, Abas Ali Patmawati Hasan Pebri Antara Prabowo Budi Utomo Pramudyantoro, Arvi Pranata, Caraka Aji Prasetio, Agung Budi Prasetyo, Ade Prasetyo, Yoga Adi Pratama, Rendy Bagus Pratama, Zudha Prayoga, Dimas Prayoga, Mahendra Bayu pujiharto, eka wahyu Pulungan, Linda Nurul Taqwa Purnawan Purnawan Purwidiantoro, Moch. Hari Purwoko, Agus Putu Putrayasa Qolbun Salim As Shidiqi Qolbun Salim As Shidiqi Quratul Ain Raditya Maulana Anuraga Rahardyan Bisma Setya Putra Rahmad Ardhani Rahmat Rahmat Rahmat Taufik R.L Bau Rahmatullah, Sidik Rakhma Shafrida Kurnia Ramadoni, Ramadoni Ramdhani, Arie Rahmat Rantung, Tessa Vatma Rasyida, Zulfa Raynaldi Fatih Amanullah Resty Wulanningrum Reyhan Dwi Putra Reyhan Dwi Putra Rhomita Sari Ria Andriani Rianansyah, Anggit Ricki Firmansyah Rifki Fahmi Rifqi Anugrah Rifqi Mizan Aulawi Riska Kurniyanto Abdullah Risma, Vita Melati Rismayani Rismayani Riyanto Riyanto Rizki Firdaus Mulya Rizky Arya Kurniawan Rizky Handayani Rizky Handayani Rizqa Luviana Musyarofah Rizy, M. Alfa Rodney Maringka Ronaldus Morgan James Roshandri, Wien Fitrian Roshandri, Wien Fitrian S, Muhammad Sabri Sabar, Alfrida Safor Madianto Saiful Bahri Salibana, Chlyfen Richard Samsul Bahri Samuel Adhi Bagaskoro Sapta Hary Surya Wibowo Saputra, Artha Gilang Saputra, Artha Gilang Sari, Rita Novita Sari, Yunita Sartika Sarkawi - Sartje Mala Rangkoly Sasoko, Wasis Haryo Selamet Riadi Selvi Marcellia Selvy Megira Setiawan Budiman Setiawan, Bambang Abdi Setiawan, Hendi Setya Putra, Rahardyan Bisma Sidiq Wahyu Surya Wijaya Sigit Sugiyanto Sigit Suryono Siswo Utomo, Mardi Slameto, Andika Agus Sodikin, Muh Ikbal Sofyan Pariyasto Sofyawati, Siti Sri Hartati Sri Hartati Sri Wahyuni Sri Yanto Qodarbaskoro Subastian Wibowo Sudarmawan Sudarmawan Sudarmawan, Sudarmawan Sudirman, San Sukoco Sukoco Sukoco Sukoco Sukrisno Amikom Suliswaningsih Suliswaningsih Suparyati Suparyati Supriadi, Oki Akbar Surya Ade Saputera Surya, Satria Dwi Suryono, Sigit Suryono, Wachid Daga Sutanto, Nur Hamid Sutrisno Sutrisno Suwanto Raharjo Suwanto Suwanto Suyadi - Suyatmi Suyatmi Swastikawati, Claudia Syah, Firdiyan Syah, Firdiyan Syahrudin, Erwin Syarham, Syarham Tamaulina Br Sembiring Tamrizal A. M. Tamsir, Kurniawati Tantoni, Ahmad Tantoni, Ahmad Teguh Ansyor Lorosae Tigus Juni Betri Tika Novita Sari Tikasni, Elisa Tinuk Agustin Tommy Dwi Putra TONNY HIDAYAT Toto Indriyatmoko Toto Rusianto Tri Amri Wijaya Tri Yusnanto Triana Triana Triwerdaya, Aji Tuhpatussania, Siti Tutut Maitanti Ulinuha, Hinova Rezha Utama, Hastari Veny Cahya Hardita Verra Budhi Lestari Vian Ardiyansyah Saputro Wahyu Ciptaningrum Wahyu Hidayat Wahyu Hidayat Wahyu Hidayat Wahyu Hidayat Wahyu Hidayat Wahyu Hidayat Wahyu Hidayat Wahyu Hidayat Wahyudi Hidayat, Aji Said wahyuni, wenti ayu Wicaksono, Sherif Aji Widijanuarto, Satyo Widjiyati, Nur Wijaksana, Candra Putra Wijaya, Tri Amri Yans Safarid Hudha Yanuargi, Bayu Yaqin, Aiinul Yefta Tolla Yetman Erwadi Yohanes Aryo Bismo Raharjo Yosef Murya Kusuma Ardhana Yulianto Mustaqim Yulita Fatma Andriani Yumarlin MZ Yusa, Mochammad Zakaria, Fariz Zitnaa Dhiaaul Kusnaa Washilatul Arba'ah Zitnaa Dhiaaul Kusnaa Washilatul Arba’ah Zitnaa Dhiaaul Kusnaa Washilatul Arba’ah Zulfa Rasyida Zulpan Hadi

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