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Konsentrasi hambat minimum dan konsentrasi bunuh minimum ekstrak etanol dan nanopartikel ekstrak etanol daun matoa (Pometia pinnata) terhadap Cutibacterium acnes Safira , Liyuza; Rahayu, Yayuk Putri; Nasution , Haris Munandar; Miswanda, Dikki
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 1 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i1.786

Abstract

Infectious diseases are caused by the entry and proliferation of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. These diseases occur when microbial interactions lead to host tissue damage, resulting in various clinical symptoms and signs. This study aimed to formulate nanoparticles of ethanol extract from matoa leaves and compare the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values, as well as evaluate the antibacterial activity of both the extract and its nanoparticles against Cutibacterium acnes. This research was conducted experimentally. The independent variables were the concentrations of matoa leaf extract (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%) and matoa leaf extract nanoparticles (0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5%). The dependent variable was the antibacterial activity of both formulations against Escherichia coli and Cutibacterium acnes. Nanoparticle size characterization was performed using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), yielding an average size of 528.95 nm. The MIC values for C. acnes were 12.5% for the extract and 1.25% for the nanoparticles, while the MBC values were 50% and 5%, respectively. The highest antibacterial activity of matoa leaf ethanol extract against C. acnes was observed at a concentration of 50% (inhibition zone: 27.86 mm), whereas the nanoparticles exhibited a maximum inhibition zone of 26.53 mm at a 5% concentration. These findings indicate that matoa leaf extract nanoparticles exhibit strong antibacterial activity against C. acnes at lower concentrations compared to the crude extract, suggesting their potential as an effective antibacterial agent. 
Penetapan kadar flavonoid total dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-heksan, etil asetat daun senggani (Melastoma candidum D.Don) secara spektrofotometri visibel Apmarja, Sarah Utami; Nasution, Muhammad Amin; Nasution , Haris Munandar; Yuniarti , Rafita
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 1 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i1.797

Abstract

Medicinal plants are natural sources that have antioxidant activity, characterized by the content of phenolic and flavonoid components in reducing free radicals which depends on the number of hydroxyl groups in their molecular structure. One of the plants that contain flavonoid compounds which have antioxidant activity is senggani leaves (Melastoma candidum D.Don). This research aimed to determine the chemical compounds contained in the ethanol extract, to determine the total flavonoid value of the ethanol extract, the ethyl acetate fraction and the n-hexane fraction and to determine the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract, the ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane fraction. The stages of this research include processing plant materials, making ethanol extract, making ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane fraction, characterization examination, phytochemical screening, and determining the total flavonoid content of ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane fraction of senggani leaves using Visible and Spectrophotometric methods. Determination of the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-hexane fraction using different techniques, namely DPPH with ABTS. The results of phytochemical screening on simplicia powder and ethanol extract contained chemical compound groups such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids, and glycosides. The results of determining the total flavonoid content in the ethanol extract of senggani leaves were 44.7805 ± 0.176606439 mgQE/g; In the ethyl acetate fraction, it was 48.421 ± 0 mgQE/g, and in the n-hexane fraction it was 31.491 ± 0.091844121 mgQE/g. The results of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method obtained an IC₅₀ value for the ethanol extract of 12.51 (μg/ml); in the ethyl acetate fraction of 9.42 (μg/ml); in the n-hexane fraction, it was 40.45 (μg/ml), and in the vitamin C standard it was 4.32 (μg/ml). Antioxidant results using the ABTS method obtained an IC₅₀ value for the ethanol extract of 8.21(μg/ml); in the ethyl acetate fraction of 5.93(μg/ml); in the n-hexane fraction, it was 23.35(μg/ml), and in the vitamin C odor it was 2.65(μg/ml).
Uji toksisitas menggunakan metode BSLT dan uji antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli ekstrak dan fraksi batang karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk.) Siregar , Anisah; Ridwanto, Ridwanto; Daulay , Anny Sartika; Nasution , Haris Munandar
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 1 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i1.822

Abstract

Natural ingredients have been widely used in medicine, commonly referred to as "back to nature," meaning "kembali ke alam." Herbal medicine is recognized as one of the most practical and effective treatment modalities available. One medicinal plant is the stem of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk., which belongs to the Myrtaceae family and has the potential as an antibacterial remedy. To ensure traditional medicine fulfills its responsibility, scientific research, such as toxicity testing, is necessary. The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) is a preliminary test to assess the toxic effects of plants. This study aims to determine the secondary metabolite compounds, toxicity levels, and antibacterial activity of ethanol extract and n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa stem. The study includes characterization, phytochemical screening, and toxicity testing by observing the mortality rate of Artemia salina Leach larvae, expressed as LC50. Antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was conducted using the disc diffusion method. The results of phytochemical screening of simplicia powder, ethanol extract, and n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa stem tested positive for alkaloids and triterpenoids/steroids. Simplicia powder, ethanol extract, and the ethyl acetate fraction also contained secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The toxicity test results using probit analysis showed that the LC50 value of the extract was 97.6787 µg/mL, the LC50 value of the ethyl acetate fraction was 71.4331 µg/mL, and the LC50 value of the n-hexane fraction was 57.4910 µg/mL. Therefore, it can be concluded that the extract and the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa stem are toxic. The antibacterial test results showed that the extract and the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ruku-Ruku (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis Alaina, Nadila; Mambang, Elysa Putri; Nasution, M. Pandapotan; Nasution, Haris Munandar
BEST Journal (Biology Education, Sains and Technology) Vol 6, No 2 (2023): September 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/best.v6i2.8107

Abstract

Daun ruku-ruku (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang dikenal masyarakat digunakan sebagai bumbu masakan karena aromanya yang dapat mengurangi bau tidak sedap. Berdasarkan kandungan kimianya, daun ruku-ruku banyak mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin dan steroid/triterpenoid. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun ruku-ruku terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan variabel bebas yaitu ekstrak etanol daun ruku-ruku dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10% dan 20% sedangkan variabel terikatnya adalah aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis. Ekstrak sederhana daun ruku-ruku dibuat dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah Tetrasiklin dan kontrol negatif adalah DMSO. Pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap simplisia daun ruku-ruku meliputi pemeriksaan fitokimia, pemeriksaan makroskopis, pemeriksaan mikroskopis, pemeriksaan kadar air, pemeriksaan nira larut air, pemeriksaan kadar sari larut etanol, pemeriksaan kadar abu dan pemeriksaan kadar abu tidak larut asam. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa daun ruku-ruku (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin dan streroid/triterpenoid. Hasil penelitian aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa daun ruku-ruku dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri karena mempunyai daya hambat yang kuat pada konsentrasi 5%, 10% dan 20% yaitu 8,7 mm, 9,8 mm dan 12,1 mm terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia L) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ercha Minanda; Putri Rahayu, Yayuk; Putri Mambang, D. Elysa; Munandar Nasution, Haris
Jurnal Ilmu Psikologi dan Kesehatan (SIKONTAN) Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): Jurnal Ilmu Psikologi dan Kesehatan
Publisher : Lafadz Jaya Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/sikontan.v2i2.1381

Abstract

Masyarakat di Indonesia memanfaatkan tumbuhan obat secara tradisional karena efek samping yang lebih kecil dari obat yang dibuat secara sintetis. Daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L) merupakan contoh bahan obat yang telah dikenal oleh masyarakat dan sering dipergunakan sebagai obat tradisional. Tanaman mengkudu berkhasiat untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh, pereda batuk, pereda demam, antibakteri, pencahar, dan pelembut kulit. Tumbuhan ini mengandung saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid dan tannin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun mengkudu terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ekstrak etanol daun mengkudu dibuat dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%, diuapkan hingga diperoleh ekstrak kental, kemudian ekstrak kental tersebut dibuat larutan uji dengan variasi konsentrasi yaitu 30%, 40% dan 50%. Larutan uji kemudian diuji aktivitas antibakteri nya terhadap P. aeruginosa dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan kontrol positif kloramfenikol dan kontrol negatif DMSO. Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan nilai diameter zona hambat bakteri terhadap P.aeruginosa dengan rata-rata zona hambat sebesar 14.30 mm pada konsentrasi 30% yang termasuk kategori intermediet , 14.41 mm pada konsentrasi 40% yang termasuk kategori intermediet dan 14.63 mm pada konsentrasi 50% yang termasuk kategori intermediet. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, ekstrak atanol daun mengkudu memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap P. aeruginosa.
Konsentrasi Inhibitori Minimum dan Konsentrasi Fungisidal Minimum Ekstrak dan Nanopartikel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Terompet Emas (Allamanda cathartica L.) terhadap Malassezia furfur Sabila , Anisa; Rahayu , Yayuk Putri; Nasution , Haris Munandar; Yuniarti , Rafita
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i4.1036

Abstract

Background: Fungal skin infections such as pityriasis versicolor caused by Malassezia furfur remain a common health problem in tropical regions. Limitations of conventional antifungal therapy have encouraged the development of alternative agents derived from natural products. Golden trumpet leaves (Allamanda cathartica L.) contain flavonoids and iridoids with potential antifungal activity, and nanoparticle formulations are being developed to enhance the extracts’ effectiveness. Objective: To evaluate the improvement of antifungal efficacy of the nanoparticle formulation of the ethanolic extract of golden trumpet leaves against Malassezia furfur by comparing the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), and inhibition zone diameter with the conventional extract. Methods: This experimental study employed a posttest-only control group design. Treatment groups included ethanolic extract (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%) and nanoparticle extract (0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%). Nanoparticles were prepared using a high-pressure homogenizer and characterized with a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). MIC and MFC were determined using the broth dilution method, while antifungal activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at a 95% confidence level. Results: Nanoparticle characterization revealed a particle size of 367.51 nm. The MIC values for the extract and nanoparticles were 12.5% and 1.25%, respectively, while the MFC values were 50% and 5%, respectively. The highest inhibition zones for the extract and nanoparticles were 21.1 mm (50%) and 20.3 mm (5%), respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in inhibition zone diameters across concentrations for both extract forms. Conclusion: The nanoparticle formulation of the ethanolic extract of golden trumpet leaves significantly enhances antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur, demonstrating equivalent inhibitory effects at concentrations ten times lower than the conventional extract. These findings indicate the potential of nanoparticle-based formulations as promising antifungal candidates.
Analisis Kadar Nikotin dan Identifikasi Senyawa Bioaktif pada Ekstrak Daun Tembakau Asal Gayo (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Menggunakan GC–MS dan Titrasi Purba , Intan Sabila Putri; Supiyani, Supiyani; Nasution, Haris munandar; Lubis , Minda Sari
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i4.1161

Abstract

Gayo-origin tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum L.) are a locally cultivated tobacco variety widely grown in Central Aceh, Indonesia. Tobacco leaves are known to contain nicotine, a bioactive compound with various pharmacological and economic potentials. This study aimed to identify the nicotine content and phytochemical profile of Gayo tobacco leaf extract. The research procedures included sample collection, macroscopic and microscopic examinations, simplicia preparation, characterization of the simplicia and extract, phytochemical screening, quantitative nicotine determination using acidimetry titration, and qualitative analysis using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). Macroscopic examination showed that the leaves were oval to round in shape, broad-surfaced, green in color, with a characteristic odor and a bitter taste. Microscopic observation revealed the presence of vascular bundles, covering trichomes, and glandular hairs in the leaf fragments. The titrimetric test showed nicotine levels of 0.95 ± 0.3% in the simplicia powder and 1.87 ± 0.45% in the ethanol extract. GC–MS analysis identified several major compounds, including nicotine (20.99%) and Labda-8(20),13-dien-15-oic acid (29.85%) as dominant components, along with minor compounds such as Quinolin, 8-amino-6-hydroxy-Quinazoline (2.39%). These findings indicate that the Gayo tobacco leaf extract contains a relatively high level of nicotine and is dominated by alkaloid and diterpenoid acid derivatives, suggesting its potential for further phytochemical and pharmacological exploration.
Co-Authors Adelia Ramadani Adjelie, Tiara Adyani Maulinda Ahmad Rasyid Ridho Alaina, Nadila Alfi Wahyudi Nasution Amaliana, Amaliana Ananda , Nadia Andjelie, Tiara Anny Sartika Daulay Anny Sartika Daulay Anny Sartika Daulay Anny Sartika Daulay Anny Sartika Daulay Apmarja, Sarah Utami Aris Munandar Aryunda, Divia Asep Trizaldi Asmarani, Asmarani Aulia Fitri, Aulia Aulia Sari Auza , Maharani Ayu , Tri Indah Pagar Azhar, Gustika Barutu, Liza Anisa Shevia Basaniah Basaniah BJ Sutrisna Cici Andriani Cindy Priscilia Cindy Widya Rosa Br Simarmata Cut Dian Mala Luthfia Cut Erika Maulydya D Elysa Putri Mambang D Elysa Putri Mambang D. Elysa Putri Mambang D. Elysa Putri Mambang D. Elysa Putri Mambang D. Elysa Putri Mambang Daeng Elysa Putri Mambang Daulay , Anny Sartika Delvi Amira Hutagaol Dikki Miswanda Dina Agustia Parlin Dina Suciati Saragih Dinda Sari Utami Dini Rahmadani Ellyza, Chella Emmy Wiriandini Ercha Minanda Farida Yani Fathur Rahman Fatimah, Cut Fatma Dwi Jati fatur Rahman, fatur Febiyani, Rica Fithri Pulungan, Ainil Fitri Mulyani, Fitri Fitri, Nurul Fitri, Raissa Friyani, Lilah Gabena Indrayani Dalimunthe Gultom, Syarifah Elena Hafizha, Putri Hasanah, Qori Hasibuan , Nabila Hasim Hasibuan, Supia Indah Hastri Kholifah Hutagalung , Septi Ratna Cempaka Hutagalung, Riris Br Hutagaol, Delvi Amira Huzeila Nisa Siregar Ihsan Fadhilah Ika Yeni Siahaan Ilmi Widya Sari Imelda Natasia Br S Meliala Indah Nasution Indah Triutami Harahap Indrayani, Gabena Junia Fitri Hayani Khofifah , Nur Kiki Rawitri Krisna Juniharta Napitupulu Leni Safriani Lestari, Sri Indah Linda, Rosa Lubis, Minda Sari Lubis, Nadya Frestika Luthfianida, Arifna M Pandapotan Nasution M Pandapotan Nasution M Pandapotan Nasution M. Alfaruqi M. Pandapotan Nasution M. Pandapotan Nasution M. Pandapotan Nasution M. Pandapotan Nasution Mambang , D.Elysa Putri Mambang, D. Elsya Putri Mambang, Elysa Putri Maya Syafira Meutia, Cut Miftahul Jannah Minda Sar Lubis Mohd. Bilal Muhammad Amin Nasution Muhammad Amin Nasution Muhammad Ari Mukhtizar Muhammad Hizbullah Muhammad Pandapotan Nasution Muhammad Wahyu Ikhsan Muhammad Wahyu Ikhsan Munaziatul Jannah Munthe, Herlina Nasution , Muhammad Amin Nasution, Kartika Zsaskia Nasution, M. Pandapotan Nasution, Nur Sahadah Natasya, Siti Adinda Nazirah, Nazirah Nazuhra, Oca Nelsa Fahira Ningtias, Anggitha Niswa, Khairun Nofa Lismandaria Novika Utami Nur Hanifah Nuraida Nuraida Nuratika, Eli Nurliansyah, Nurliansyah Nurul Hasanah Ovalina Sylvia Br. Ginting Pertiwi, Rahma Prasetyo , Healthy Aldriany Purba , Intan Sabila Putri Puteri, Cut Intan Annisa Putri , Adilla Putri Intan Sari Putri Khairani Putri Mambang, D. Elysa Putri Rahayu, Yayuk Putri, Nadya Iwani Rafika, Intan Maya Rafita Yuniari Rafita Yuniart Rafita Yuniarti Rafliza , Rista Rahayu , Yayuk Putri Rahmadani , Adevika Rapita Yuniarti Rati , Yuliandini Rati Satri Situmorang Rawitri, Kiki Ridho, Ahmad Rasyid Ridwanto Ridwanto Ridwanto Ridwanto Ridwanto Rina Azhari Ritonga , Septi Ani Riza Syafira RR. Ella Evrita Hestiandari Rukmana, Siti Sabila , Anisa Safira , Liyuza Safitri , Nurhaliza sahrianti, Hikmah Sari, Syilvi Rinda Sarmadansyah Sarmadansyah Sartika Daulay, Anny Sasnita, Merida Selfia Lestary Sepriani, Ananda Sinaga, Novita Yulianti Siregar , Anisah Siti Aisyah Jamil Situmorang, Lusi Grasia Situmorang, Rati Satri Sony , Suyefri Sri Harti Sri Natalia Saragih Sri Ria Ranti Sri Wahyuni Sri Wahyuni Sri Wahyuni Sulwiyatul K Sani Supiyani, Supiyani Syafira, Nona Syalsabila Putri Syara, Nurdiani Syarifah Elena Gultom Tawir Rina Rezeki Tri Damaiyanti Ummi Khairani Rambe Wahdaniati , Tri Widya Sari Widya Sari Widya, Rizka Yanti, Rahma Yayuk Putri Rahayu Yayuk Putri Rahayu Yayuk Putri Rahayu Yayuk Putri Rahayu Yuli Apriani Br.Lubis Yuniarti , Rafita Yuniarti, Rafita Zannah , Muhamad Zikra Maqfirah Ziza Putri Aisyia Fauzi Zulmai Rani