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The Historical Emergence of Shi‘ism and Its Development in the Islamic World R, Rismayani; Santalia, Indo
Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol 3, No 10 (2025): November
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17585984

Abstract

The study of Shi‘ism is essential, as its existence encompasses not only historical and political dimensions but also influences the dynamics of inter-sectarian relations within the Islamic world. A comprehensive understanding of the history and development of Shi‘ism is expected to enrich Islamic discourse and foster tolerance among Muslims. This research employs a library research method, utilizing various written sources to collect relevant data and information. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively. The findings reveal that the peak of Shi‘a development occurred during the medieval period when the Safavid dynasty established Shi‘ism as the official school of thought in Iran. Its influence further expanded following the 1979 Islamic Revolution, which inspired a broader revival of Islamic consciousness worldwide. To this day, Shi‘ism remains an integral part of the Muslim community, with followers distributed across various regions. Although differences between Sunni and Shi‘a groups continue to cause tension in some areas, ongoing efforts in dialogue and the spirit of ukhuwah Islamiyah (Islamic brotherhood) are continuously promoted to foster unity among Muslims on the basis of faith and humanity.
Historical Foundations and Theological Principles of Jabariyah and Qadariyah Doctrines W, Walib; Santalia, Indo
Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol 3, No 10 (2025): November
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17559982

Abstract

This article examines the historical background and main ideas of two major schools in classical Islamic theology, Jabariyah and Qadariyah. These theological movements emerged as responses to the fundamental question concerning the relationship between human free will and the absolute power of Allah SWT. The Jabariyah school asserts that all human actions are predetermined by divine decree (qadha and qadar), leaving no room for free will. In contrast, the Qadariyah school maintains that human beings possess freedom of choice and moral responsibility for their actions. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method with a library research approach to explore the theological foundations, historical contexts, and points of convergence and divergence between the two schools. The findings reveal that the debate between Jabariyah and Qadariyah was not merely theological but also carried political and philosophical dimensions, exerting a significant influence on the subsequent development of Islamic theology.
Kritik Al-Ghazali serta Pembelaan Ibnu Rusyd dalam Menyikapi Rasionalitas dan Wahyu R, Riswan; Santalia, Indo
Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Vol 3, No 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17682919

Abstract

The Islamic Golden Age (approximately the 8th to the 13th century CE) was a pivotal period in world civilization, marked by rapid advancements in various fields such as knowledge, philosophy, medicine, astronomy, and theology. During this era, cities like Baghdad, Cairo, and al-Andalus emerged as vibrant centers of scientific and intellectual activity. A key aspect of this period was the translation of Greek philosophical and scientific works—particularly those of Aristotle—which sparked debates between rationalist thinkers and traditional theologians. Two major figures of Islamic thought from this era, Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (1058–1111) and Abu al-Walid Ibn Rushd (1126–1198), played central roles in shaping the intellectual landscape of Islam. Al-Ghazali emphasized the primacy of revelation as the ultimate source of truth, whereas Ibn Rushd defended the view that philosophy and religion are not inherently contradictory. This article examines the contributions of these two scholars and explores the intellectual tensions that arose between rationality and revelation within the broader discourse of Islamic thought.
Kontroversi Ajaran Syekh Siti Jenar: Analisis Teologis dan Respons Ulama Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah: The Controversial Teachings of Syekh Siti Jenar: A Theological Analysis and the Response of Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah Scholars Muhammad Istiqamah; Indo Santalia; Mahmuddin
AL-QIBLAH: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Bahasa Arab Vol. 4 No. 6 (2025): AL-QIBLAH: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Bahasa Arab
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (P3M) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Islam dan Bahasa Arab (STIBA) Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36701/al-qiblah.v4i6.2763

Abstract

This study critically examines the controversial teachings of Syekh Siti Jenar in the history of Islamic thought in Java, particularly his doctrine of Manunggaling Kawula Gusti and its implications for the purity of Islamic monotheism. The purpose of this research is to analyze Syekh Siti Jenar’s theological doctrines from the Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah (Aswaja) perspective, to identify the theological arguments behind the Aswaja scholars’ rejection of his ideas on wahdat al-wujud and his dismissal of Islamic law, and to assess its socio-religious consequences in the development of Islam in Java. This study employs a qualitative-descriptive method with a theological-historical approach based on library research using classical and modern references. The findings reveal that Siti Jenar’s teachings contradict the Aswaja doctrine of tanzih by blurring the ontological distinction between the Creator and His creation, and his rejection of formal worship has been deemed to potentially disrupt social order and religious authority. This research contributes to reinforcing the epistemological boundary between orthodox Sunni Sufism and extreme philosophical mysticism, while enriching the study of Aswaja theology in responding to Javanese spiritual phenomena in the Indonesian Islamic context.
Al-Farabi dan Ibnu Sina (Pemikiran Tentang Emanasi) Samsudin, La Ode; Santalia, Indo
Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol 2, No 12 (2025): Januari
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14556776

Abstract

Ibn Sina and al-Farabi argue that the process of the formation of this universe radiates everything from God through ten minds (al-‘Aql al-‘Asharah). God thinks about Himself; thought is a power, and the thought of God, the Almighty, is great and awesome, creating the first mind. The first mind also thinks about God and itself, so this power produces the second mind and the first sky. The second mind also thinks about God and itself and produces the third mind and the stars. And so on, the minds think about God and themselves and then produce the next minds and the planets. The third mind produces the fourth mind and Saturn. The fourth mind produces the fifth mind and Jupiter. The fifth mind produces the sixth mind and Mars. The sixth mind produces the seventh mind and the Sun. The seventh mind produces the eighth mind and Venus. The eighth mind produces the ninth mind and Mercury. According to Al-Farabi and Ibn Sina, both adapted the theory of emanation to explain the relationship between God and the creation of the universe. Al-Farabi saw nature as the result of emanation from God, who is the first being, while Ibn Sina emphasized that nature was created from a state of nothingness and not as part of God's substance. Although both agreed that nature is new and created, they faced criticism from Al-Ghazali who considered the theory of emanation could reduce God's position as Creator and potentially lead to pantheism. This criticism shows the tension between philosophical thought and theological teachings in the Islamic tradition.
Pokok-Pokok Ajaran Syi’ah A, Arlan; Santalia, Indo
Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol 2, No 12 (2025): Januari
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14555303

Abstract

A variety of literature explains the emergence of Shia. The teachings in Shia are very many and different, so we must seek and know the teachings, doctrines, and figures who have a big impact on this group. In addition, in this Shia sect there are many parts and differences of opinion in belief. Which is marked by the emergence of several sects such as Kaisaniyah, Zaidiyah, Imamiyah, and Kaum Gulat. This requires us to always be careful and anticipate the existence of harsh doctrines that may develop, or have even been so rapid in spreading their teachings to countries with a majority Muslim population, such as in Indonesia. One of them is stating that Ali bin Abu Thalib is the most important among the companions and is more entitled to hold the leadership of the Muslims. Even worse are those who worship and consider that Ali bin Abi Thalib is not an ordinary human being, but an incarnation of God or even God himself.
Critical Analysis of the Salafi Group’s Concept of Religious Thought Saputra, Muh Ade; Santalia, Indo
Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol 3, No 12 (2026): January
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18131775

Abstract

This paper aims to elaborate the main tenets of Salafi thought in religious practice and to present rebuttals put forward by Islamic scholars and thinkers. Through this approach, readers are expected to gain a more objective understanding of the dynamics of Salafi thought, thereby contributing to more harmonious religious dialogue within the pluralistic society of Indonesia. This paper is based on a literature review of primary sources, such as Salafi texts and the works of critical scholars, as well as a comparative analysis to minimize bias. The findings indicate that the core elements of Salafi thought include the emphasis on pure taw??d, the rejection of bid?ah (religious innovations), and strict adherence to the Sunnah, all of which aim to purify Islam. However, rebuttals from Ahl al-Sunnah scholars argue that this approach is overly extreme and has the potential to cause division. The conclusion drawn from social and political critiques of Salafi thought is that, although this movement is committed to purifying religious practices and returning to the teachings of the early generations (al-salaf al-??li?), it often faces serious challenges and criticism in the social and political spheres. Overall, the main criticism is that Salafi efforts at religious purification frequently generate socio-political problems due to their rigid and anti-pluralistic approach, as well as their complex and sometimes contradictory stance toward authority and involvement in practical politics.
The Theory of Balance in Physics and Islamic Governance: Exploring the Convergence of Natural Equilibrium and Social Balance within an Islamic State Context Handayani, Yusri; Aderus, Andi; Santalia, Indo
Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol 3, No 12 (2026): January
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18102702

Abstract

This research examines the relationship between the concept of equilibrium in physics and the implementation of Islamic governance, and how the two concepts relate to each other in the context of an Islamic state. In physics, equilibrium is achieved through the interaction of various forces within a system that continuously strives for stability, both in static and dynamic systems. This parallels the efforts of Islamic governments to maintain a balance between state authority, individual rights, and social obligations. Islamic governments emphasize the importance of social justice, reflected in state policies based on Sharia law, which aim to ensure social welfare by equitably considering individual rights and societal interests. In this study, the authors found that Islamic governance must be able to adapt to changing times and social dynamics, similar to the principle of equilibrium in physics, which always strives to achieve a stable state despite change. Socio-economic policies such as zakat and waqf serve to reduce social inequality, while the moral and ethical principles of sharia play a crucial role in maintaining this balance. This study concludes that the concept of equilibrium in physics provides a useful perspective for understanding the dynamics of Islamic governance, which is not merely static but also dynamic and adaptive to the demands of the times and the needs of society.
Krisis Orientasi Moral Global dan Tawaran Etika Islam: Telaah Filosofis Kritis Prespektif Murtadha Muthahhari Kurniansyah, Muhammad; Harun, Hamza; Santalia, Indo
Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol 4, No 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18254895

Abstract

The global moral orientation crisis constitutes a fundamental problem in contemporary human life, characterized by moral relativism, instrumental rationality, and the erosion of transcendent ethical purpose. Morality is increasingly reduced to pragmatic normative mechanisms detached from questions of meaning and human essence. This article aims to examine the global moral crisis and to articulate an Islamic ethical response through a critical philosophical analysis of Murtadha Muthahhari’s thought. Employing a qualitative library research approach, this study utilizes descriptive-analytical and critical-philosophical methods. The analysis demonstrates that the global moral crisis originates from a flawed understanding of human beings as entities detached from ontological and existential orientation. Through the concept of ethical fitrah, Muthahhari affirms that moral values possess an objective foundation inherent in human nature, thereby offering a critique of moral relativism without negating cultural plurality. Furthermore, the Islamic ethical orientation toward human perfection (kamal al-insan) frames morality as a transformative process integrating rationality, spirituality, and social responsibility. Accordingly, Islamic ethics emerges as a rational, humanistic, and relevant moral framework capable of responding to the challenges of the contemporary global moral crisis.
Akal, Wahyu, Dan Toleransi: Menggali Ulang Relevansi Maturidiyah di Era Kontemporer R, Rahmatullah; Santalia, Indo
Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol 2, No 12 (2025): Januari
Publisher : Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14564361

Abstract

This paper examines Maturidiyah theology as a branch of Sunni Islamic theology that integrates reason and revelation. Rooted in the thoughts of Imam Abu Mansur al-Maturidi, Maturidiyah emphasizes moderation and tolerance, making it relevant for addressing contemporary challenges such as radicalism, pluralism, and religious freedom. Through its rational approach, Maturidiyah offers a balanced perspective between human freedom and divine decree. This study demonstrates that Maturidiyah principles can provide a foundation for a moderate and adaptive Islamic thought in the modern era.
Co-Authors A, Arlan Abbas, Nurlelah Abd Ramim Yunus Abd. Rahim Yunus, Abd. Rahim Abdul Rachman Sahrani Abdul Rahmad Abdul Rahman Abdullah Aderus, Andi Afifah Amatullah Afzazul Rahman Agus Masykur Ahsun Inayati Aisyah Kara Al Khair Syam, Akmal Almahdali, Sayyid Syahdan Almutawallid, Almutawallid Alwi Amis, Moh Amri, Muh. Amsil, Alif Fahrezy Ana Dhiqfaini Sultan Andi Aderus Andi Aderus Andi Aderus Andi Ahmad Zahri Nafis Andi Airiza Rezki Syafa’at Andi Hasriani Asfar Andi Muhammad Darul Aqsah Anggi Anggraini, Anggi Aniq Akhmad Ali Bawafie Anis Abd Rahman Anwar Abu Bakar Arfah, Andi Muhammad Awaluddin Arfan Arfan Arifin, Zainuddin AshShiddiq, Nashiruddin ASNI Asri Jaya Asy'ary Ulama'i, Khaerul Aulia, Guruh Ryan Awal Awal , Awal Ayu Oktoviasari, Vera Bakri, Muammar Barsihannor Barsihannor Barsihannor, Barsihannor Basri Basri Besse Mutmainnah Besse Mutmainnah* Cici Nurmianty DARMANSYAH . Eka Damayanti Eka Mahendra Putra Erfika Fajrin, Fajrin Fathuddin, Muhammad Habib Fathul khair fikar, Zulfikar Firmansyah, Fiqih G, Wahyudi G., Wahyuddin Gishar Hamka H, Hartinawanti Haidar Ali Halik, Muamar Kadafi Hammadi, Hammad Farhan Hamzah, Ekawati Haniah Haq, Fitri Maylan Harun, Hamza Harun, Hamzah Hasriadi, Hasriadi Hayati, Amirullah Herman, Muhammad Akbar Hilman Nafian Hunaifi, Ilham Husnul Khatimah Husyin Saputra I, Irmawati Ilfah Luthfiah Ilham Imam Sanusi Irmawati Irmawati Iskandar Iskandar Iskandar Iskandar Isrha, Muhammad Jafar, Usman Jeprianto Jeprianto Juliasti, Evin Jusmiati Kaharu, Ninin Riska Syahfitri Kamridah Kamridah Kara, Siti Aisyah Karina Arianti Karmawati Karmawati Kasiono Kasiono Kasiono Kasriadi Kasriadi Kasriadi, Kasriadi KHAIRUL HUDA, KHAIRUL Khaliq Khaliq Khatimah, A. Khusnul Kurniansyah, Muhammad Kurniati La Ode Ismail Ahmad, La Ode Ismail M, M. Dahlan M. Sewang, Ahmad Mahmuddin Mahmuddin Mahmuddin Mahmuddin Mansur Mansur Masnawati Masnawati Masruraini Masruraini Mayani Mayani Miftahuddin Miftahuddin Milawati Milawati Moh Amis Mooduto, Maryam MR, Marwah Muh. Quraisy Mathar Muh. Quraisy Mathar Muh. Yasin Yasin Nur Muhaemin Latif Muhajirin, Muhajirin Muhammad Adryan Muhammad Adryan Muhammad Amri Muhammad Amri Muhammad Amri Muhammad Amri Muhammad Amri Muhammad Amri Muhammad Amri Muhammad Amri Muhammad Habibullah Muhammad Haeril Jufri Muhammad Irfan Jufri Muhammad Istiqamah Muhammad Soadikin Muhsana, Nurul Afifah Muhsin Muhsyanur Muhsyanur, Muhsyanur Mukarrama, Amalia Mustamin Giling Mustin, Hilgha Muthmainnah Muthmainnah Mutmainnah, Besse N, Nurfadilah N, Nurhaerat N, Nurhasmi Nafis, Andi Ahmad Zahri Najamuddin, Andi Naufal, Muflih Nawir, Muhammad Yusril Nuha, Ken Ulin Nur Afni A. Nur Ali, St. Maisyah Nur As’ad HL, Muh Nurbaya N, Nurbaya Nurdin Nurdin Nurfania, Andi Elvira Nurhikmah Nurlaelah Abbas Nurlina Nurlina Nurlina Nurlina Nurman Said Nurrahmadhani Nadar Nurul Alfian Nurul Intan, Magfira Nurul Islamiah Nurul Islamiyah Premiwati, Elsi Pujirana, Andi Isni Purnama, Yulia Putri Amanda Lestari Qoimah, Lailatul Qorina, Ulfa R, Rahmatullah R, Rahmawati R, Restu R, Rian R, Rismayani r, Riswan R, Rusdin Rahantan, Ahmad Rahmah, Jabal Rahmat Arsyad Rasdin, Rasdin Ratna Reni Reni, Reni Ridwan Sahrani Rifki Rifky Akbar Sahrul, Muhammad Rijal, Tabhan Syamsu Rubi Awalia Rusli, Nur Fadhilah Rustam Rustam Saenong, M. Kafrawy Sahrullah Sahrullah Salahuddin Saleh Al Hadab Saleh, Syamsudduha Salito Salito Samiang Katu, Samiang Samsudin, La Ode Samsuriadi Samsuriadi Saputra, Muh Ade Satriani Satriani Sitti Nur Fatimah Sopu, Salahuddin St. Salehah Madjid suardi, alfina Subhan, Nuraini Subhan, Nurul Izzah Sudin Yamani Sulfiana Sulkifli Idrus Syafaruddin, Baso syahrir syahrir Syakur, Muh. Asyraf Syamsu Rijal, Tabhan Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Syamsuduhha Saleh Syamsul Arif Galib Syamsul Bahri Tabhan Syamsu Rijal Tabhan Syamsu Rijal Tabhan Syamsu Rijal Tabhan Syamsu Rijal Talib, Abdullah Tanal, Ana Nurwina Taufik Taufik Thalib, Abdullah Tulhidayah, Radhiah Umar Umar Umar Umar Umar, Hendra Ummu Awaliah Umrati, Umrati W, Walib Wahda, Nur Aqiqah Wahyuddin G Wahyuddin G Wahyuddin G, Wahyuddin Wahyuddin G. Wahyuddin Wahyuddin Wahyuddin Wahyuddin Wahyudi G Wahyudin G Wasfiyah, Faza widia fitria ningsi damang Wulandari, Trikarno yamani, sudin Yasser Mulla Shadra Yusri Handayani Yusriani, Yusriani Zikriadi Zikriadi Zulfahmi Alwi Zulfiani