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Journal : Journal of Mutidisciplinary Issues

CONSTRUCTION OF AUTHORITY IN CORPORATE CONTRACTS: TENSION BETWEEN FORMAL STRUCTURE AND PRACTICAL FLEXIBILITY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF GENERAL LAW Chandra, William; Lie, Gunardi
Journal of Multidisciplinary Issues Vol 5 No 2 (2025): Journal of Multidisciplinary Issues
Publisher : APPS Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53748/jmis.v5i2.73

Abstract

Authority constitutes a fundamental legal basis in corporate business agreements. In practice, it is not uncommon to find contracts signed by individuals lacking full formal legal legitimacy, either because they fall outside the corporate authority structure or lack proper power of attorney or official appointment. This issue raises legal questions regarding the validity of agreements that are substantively agreed upon but defective in legal representation. This study aims to analyze the boundaries of authority in corporate agreements and to evaluate the general legal approach toward legal acts undertaken by unauthorized individuals. The method employed is a normative juridical approach with qualitative analysis of primary and secondary legal materials. The findings indicate that although positive law mandates formal authority, corporate practice often tolerates actions considered commercially valid, especially when there is implicit acceptance or good faith on the part of the involved parties. These findings suggest that the general legal approach needs to be reconstructed to address the challenges of modern contractual practices. This research contributes to corporate legal practice by emphasizing the need to strengthen internal verification mechanisms and recommending the development of adaptive legal norms, while also enriching theoretical discourse on the limits of authority in contract law.
Urgensi Kodifikasi Hukum Perdata Internasional (HPI) di Indonesia pada Era Digital: Kajian Yuridis-Empiris Terhadap Tantangan Lintas Negara dan Kebutuhan akan Kepastian Hukum Hamonangan, Marcellius Kirana; Lie, Gunardi
Journal of Multidisciplinary Issues Vol 5 No 2 (2025): Journal of Multidisciplinary Issues
Publisher : APPS Publications

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53748/jmis.v5i2.74

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective This study investigates the urgency of codifying Private International Law (PIL) in Indonesia as a strategic legal response to the rapid expansion of cross-border private legal interactions in the digital era. The research asks: What legal codification model can best address jurisdictional conflicts and legal uncertainties arising from transnational digital activities? Methodology Using a juridical-empirical approach, the study combines doctrinal analysis with comparative legal research. The analysis is supported by theoretical frameworks including social systems theory, responsive law, legal politics, and digital regulatory theory. Comparative evaluation is conducted across six countries—Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Singapore, the UK, and Australia. Findings The research reveals that Indonesia’s current legal system lacks a coherent, codified framework for PIL. Legal uncertainty arises in handling transnational disputes, cross-border data breaches, and enforcement of foreign judgments. By contrast, civil and common law countries have adopted codified or flexible jurisprudential approaches to ensure clarity and adaptability. The study finds that Indonesia urgently needs a hybrid PIL codification model to align with the digital and global legal ecosystem. Novelty This study is among the first to position the codification of PIL as a legal-political and technological imperative, rather than a purely doctrinal concern. Its interdisciplinary framework integrates comparative insights and theories of digital law, offering a contextual roadmap for national legal reform. It proposes an adaptive hybrid codification model responsive to cross-border digital disputes and legal sovereignty concerns. Keywords: Private International Law; Conflict of Laws; Digital Jurisdiction; Legal Codification; Transnational Legal Protection
Co-Authors Adepio, Muhammad Fadel Ahmad Sudiro Ainun Jariyah, Sarifah Aisha, Salma Alam, Jenice Valencia Alfiani, Feriza Alya, Nasha Rawza Andrea, Richella Andrian Andrian Andriani, Kasmita Angela, Silvia Angelia Angelina, Made Aubrey Josephine Anggra, Philip Anindira, Lydia Antara Yasa, I Wayan Suka Anwar Rannu, Delycia Aprilia Fong, Fanesa Aprilia, Indah Siti Aprillianty, Kesia Apriza, Nathania ARI WAHYUDI Aritonang, Sanrio Art, Stanley Muljadi Augustin, Agatha Avianti, Grace Az-Zahra, Aiska Rahima Belle, Grace Anna Bianty, Thisia Bonang, Rio C, Gabriella Cahyono, Denzel Andersson Candra, Dimas Carnescia, Brenda Cendranita, Ivannia Chandra, Jessica Chen, Zefanya Angellin Christian, Benedict Philip Christine Octavia S Dameria, Fiorella Angella Diana Diana Egatri Gulo, Feby EVELYN EVELYN Fadhillah, Siti Aura Fauziah, Khanifa Febriany, Febriany Fernandha, Rizqy Dini Fernando, Wilson Furguson, Felix Goldwen, Filshella Gunawan, Syahrana Kezia Anjunien Halim, Leonardo Hamonangan, Marcellius Kirana Hapsari, Crescentia Viola Priscilla Audra Hartono, Evelyn Hartono, Margareta Kristiani Harum, Vanessa Mathilde Haykel, Muhammad Hermanto, Dennis Hitiyahubessy, Jeanifersu Hudzalfah Rahmadani, Khaluna Jemiel Heng, Richard Jolin, Jolin Jonatan, Frangky Juliano Raditya, Jason Juventia, Donabella Juwita, Dhiny Ellen Khasana, Andi Khuswatun Kinanti, Lamsiur Kiyoshi, Maximillian Ivander Koniardy, Delvina Kristiantan, Hagai Gabriel Kumala Dewi Kurniawan, Michael Laapen, Calinka Princess Belinda Lie , Cathleen Lim, Feili Lim, Grace Natalie Lo, Edmund Lumban Raja, Muhammad Dewo Maddalena Simamora, Indah Maria Manurung, Romandelas Marchvinn, Jessica Mardianto, Sebastian Edward Mardjono, Amerta Marina Marina Marva, Clairina Max, Alessandro Christian Mbaling, Constantius Mario Valentino Medianna, Olivia Metanoya Tapilatu, Finsri Mirza Djafar, Aureelia Nourani Mohammad, Prasidya Moody Rizqy Syailendra Putra Mousavian, Farel Sya'ban Mulyasetya Putra, Joddy Naelayara, Siti Amera Naru, Margareth Trisya Adefinola Natasha, Malika Baby Nathanael, Jeremy Nathanael, Moses Nathasya, Nathasya NEGARA, MOH IQRA Neljeane, Jeane Novela, Devina Novera HuIaifa, Shena Novianti, Siti Nugroho, Maria Cecilia Octavia S, Christine Octaviyanda, Shafarra Octavo, Vito Jonathan Oktavianni Putri Sianturi, Angel P, Moody Syailendra Pahlevi, Muhammad Vito Panglima, Rubby Aditya Patricia, Laura Sally Patricia, Rachel Anne Patty, Thalia Rizq Aurora Permatasari, Yofi Prasetyo, Stephanie Patricia Pratama, Akmal Risqi Yudhianto Putra, Arief Mandala Putra, Ismail Rangga Wahana Putra, Louis Sebastian Anot Putri, Gracia Putri, Maria Phoebe Tjahja Putri, Nadiva Azzahra Putri, Salsabila Putri, Sanny Nuyessy R.Syailendra, Moody Rahayu, Ni Kadek Putri Sita Rahmasari, Lisa Ramadhan, Nayla Az Zahra Ramadhano, Ibrahagi Ramania, Hasya Rigel, Rigel Riko Mono, Jonathan Riski, Naufal Riza Iskandar, Shafa Athaya Rondo, Fiona Louysa Rusli, Vennia Neshya Ryanto, Laurencia Safitri, Yuliya Sahrul, Farhan Ananda Salindeho, Leezza Salsa sally, Laura Sandi, Maydi Jack Santoso, Ellen Sanyoto, Alicia Andromeda Septiandri, Ivon Serena, Michelle Audrey Shafa Kamiliya, Cindra Shasmita, Sylvia Siarill, Jonathan Hervine Sihite, Jelita Sihite, Jelita Damai Sofia Lorenza Simanjuntak, Yosafat Ben Ghurion Sinaga, Efryando Stefen Andreas Siregar, Aristoteles Gerhard Fredrik Sitabuan, Tundjung Herning Sitompoel, Yervant T. S Sitorus, Lena Mariana Br Stella, Helen Subagijo, Kevin Putra Sugiarto, Angelina Jacqueline Sukur, Partermutios Susilo Putra Suryani, Cendana Suwinto Johan Syahputra, Denis Syailendra P, Moody R. Syailendra, Moody R. Syella Susilo, Sherryl Tairas, Hans Daniel Felix Tan, Louissa Nobel Tan, Richie Lay Tania, Elizabeth Tanujaya, Calista Putri Terania, Medi Thie, Naysa Andrea Thio, Herman Tirta, George Anderson Tjendra, Virginia Trisnadi, Ilhan Pasha Islamy Trixie, Ivana Umaternate, Arifin Vaustine, Griselda Vedora, Sheren Regina Veldrin Pua, Brendah Wardhana, Adi Pratomo Kusuma Wardhani, Ayu Azalia Wathan, Bilqis Alifia Wijaya, Miquel Enrick Wijaya, Niko William Chandra Winata, Gilbert Winson Salim, Patrick Wonohadidjojo, Christopher Howard Yonandi, Caecilia Patrice Yuan, Shafaa Alaadini Yulyana, Devy Yunita, Theresia Yuwono, Lila Graciella Zalukhu, Iyan Sentosa Zebua, August Delta Zimah, Amelia Abdullah