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All Journal International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences Jurnal Bahana Manajemen Pendidikan Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi dan Humaniora BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Jurnal Kawistara : Jurnal Ilmiah Sosial dan Humaniora JURNAL EVALUASI PENDIDIKAN Proceeding International Conference on Global Resource Conservation Global Medical and Health Communication UNIVERSUM ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Fountain of Informatics Journal Share : Social Work Journal QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Agama Jurnal AKP Resona : Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Masyarakat CogITo Smart Journal Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) JOURNAL OF APPLIED INFORMATICS AND COMPUTING Pendas : Jurnah Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar AFEBI Islamic Finance and Economic Review NUR EL-ISLAM : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sosial Keagamaan JURNAL PENDIDIKAN TAMBUSAI Jurnal Basicedu JUTEKS Jurnal Aplikasi Pelayaran dan Kepelabuhanan Jurnal Inovator JURNAL KAJIAN TEKNIK SIPIL Al-Fatih: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Keislaman Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran (JRPP) WAHANA PENDIDIKAN DASAR JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika) Mitra Ash-Shibyan: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling Journal of Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing Publikasi Riset Orientasi Teknik Sipil (Proteksi) Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Hadi Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis FISIPOL UNMUL Al-Ulum: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Dasar, Menengah dan Tinggi [JMP-DMT] DEVOSI Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam JURNAL ILMIAH GLOBAL EDUCATION Journal of Research in Instructional Jurnal Asesmen Dan Intervensi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus Proceeding International Seminar of Islamic Studies Jurnal Aplikasi Pelayaran dan Kepelabuhanan Journal of Education Research Jurnal Anifa Studi Gender dan Anak Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering Al-Ulum: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Jurnal Teknoif Teknik Informatika Institut Teknologi Padang Jurnal Talenta Sipil Annals of Human Resource Management Research Journal of General Education and Humanities Al-Aulia: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman Takuana: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains, dan Humaniora JTechLP International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality in Asia Pasific Jurnal Basicedu International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary PENDALAS: Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan Pengabdian Masyarakat JOINCS (Journal of Informatics, Network, and Computer Science) Jurnal Hibrul Ulama Al'Ulum Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Indonesian Research Journal on Education International Education Trend Issues Al-Miskawaih: Journal of Science Education (MIJOSE) Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Journal of Islamic Education and Ethics JPM MOCCI : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Ekonomi, Sosial Sains dan Sosial Humaniora, Koperasi, dan Kewirausahaan Zona Law And Public Administration Indonesia Science and Technology: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Marathon: Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Universitas Tanjungpura Journal of Educational Research and Practice Manaruko: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Kawistara EMPIRISMA: JURNAL PEMIKIRAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN ISLAM Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, Pendidikan dan Teknik (IDENTIK) TIJAROTANA : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Syariah Journal of Engineering and Science Application Journal Of Computer Engineering And Information Technology Proceeding International Conference on Education Al Jabiri: Jurnal Ilmiah Studi Islam JMAEKA: Jurnal Manajemen Ekonomi Akuntansi
Ahmad Ridwan
Physiology, Animal Development, and Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
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Journal : Journal Of Computer Engineering And Information Technology

 1 
Early Detection System for Heartbeat Abnormalities in Autistic Children Using Support Vector Machine Ridwan, Ahmad
JCEIT: Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): JCEIT: Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology (Nov 2025)
Publisher : Karya Techno Solusindo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64810/jceit.v2i1.45

Abstract

This research aims to develop an early detection system for heart rate anomalies in autistic children based on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) to prevent tantrum behavior that can endanger the child's physical and psychological health. Based on previous research, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show a significant increase in heart rate (HR), especially when experiencing stress or anxiety, with some cases reaching above 120 bpm. At the same time, control groups such as children with language disorders do not show a similar pattern. This leads to the hypothesis that physiological monitoring using non-invasive technologies, such as Photoplethysmography (PPG), can detect changes in HR before a tantrum occurs. The purpose of this study is to design a wearable device based on a pulse sensor and NodeMCU that can integrate HR in real-time, extract HRV features in the frequency domain (VLF, LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio), and classify normal and anomalous conditions using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. The system is designed to notify parents or caregivers via a Telegram bot when HR exceeds 114 bpm. The research methodology was experimental, conducted on two subjects: a 7-year-old boy and a girl on the autism spectrum during learning, quiet, and tantrum activities. Results showed that HRV parameters increased significantly during the tantrum condition and even during learning, indicating activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The SVM classifier achieved 98.9% accuracy in the tantrum condition, 82% in the learning condition, but only 61.1% in the transition from quiet to tantrum. Overall, the system proved effective at detecting hyperactivity but still requires further development regarding data volume, subject variation, and improvements in accuracy during the transition phase for widespread implementation. REFERENCES Aldabas, R. (2019). Effectiveness of social stories for children with autism: A comprehensive review. Technology and Disability, 31(1–2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3233/TAD-180218 Awanda Amelia Sadita, & Nurus Sa’adah. (2023). Temper Tantrum Behavior in Early Childhood as Communication with Parents. Journal of Insan Mulia Education, 1(2), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.59923/joinme.v1i2.7 Beauchamp-Châtel, A., Courchesne, V., Forgeot d’Arc, B., & Mottron, L. (2019). Are tantrums in autism distinct from those of other childhood conditions? A comparative prevalence and naturalistic study. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 62(March), 66–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.03.003 Chen, C., Li, C., Tsai, C. W., & Deng, X. (2019). Evaluation of Mental Stress and Heart Rate Variability Derived from Wrist-Based Photoplethysmography. Proceedings of 2019 IEEE Eurasia Conference on Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare and Sustainability, ECBIOS 2019, 65–68. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBIOS.2019.8807835 Deichmann, F., & Ahnert, L. (2021). The terrible twos: How children cope with frustration and tantrums and the effect of maternal and paternal behaviors. Infancy, 26(3), 469–493. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12389 Farahdina, Irwanto, & Fithriyah, I. (2025). Risk factors for autism spectrum disorder diagnosed in Indonesia. Child`S Health, 20(5), 325–332. https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.20.5.2025.1866 Fioriello, F., Maugeri, A., D’Alvia, L., Pittella, E., Piuzzi, E., Rizzuto, E., Del Prete, Z., Manti, F., & Sogos, C. (2020). A wearable heart rate measurement device for children with autism spectrum disorder. 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Heart Rate Variability Frequency Domain for Detection of Mental Stress Using Support Vector Machine. 2018 International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation, ICITSI 2018 - Proceedings, 520–525. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITSI.2018.8695938 Pinge, A., Bandyopadhyay, S., Ghosh, S., & Sen, S. (2022). A Comparative Study between ECG-based and PPG-based Heart Rate Monitors for Stress Detection. 2022 14th International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworkS, COMSNETS 2022, 84–89. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMSNETS53615.2022.9668342 Thapa, R., Pokorski, I., Ambarchi, Z., Thomas, E., Demayo, M., Boulton, K., Matthews, S., Patel, S., Sedeli, I., Hickie, I. B., & Guastella, A. J. (2021). Heart Rate Variability in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associations With Medication and Symptom Severity. Autism Research, 14(1), 75–85. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2437 Tsai, Y. Y., Chen, Y. J., Lin, Y. F., Hsiao, F. C., Hsu, C. H., & Liao, L. De. (2025). Photoplethysmography-based HRV analysis and machine learning for real-time stress quantification in mental health applications. APL Bioengineering, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0256590 Weiler, D. T., Villajuan, S. O., Edkins, L., Cleary, S., & Saleem, J. J. (2017). Wearable Heart Rate Monitor Technology Accuracy in Research: A Comparative Study Between PPG and ECG Technology. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 61(1), 1292–1296. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601804 Zhang, Y., Song, S., Vullings, R., Biswas, D., Simões-Capela, N., Van Helleputte, N., Van Hoof, C., & Groenendaal, W. (2019). Motion artifact reduction for wrist-worn photoplethysmograph sensors based on different wavelengths. Sensors (Switzerland), 19(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030673
Co-Authors - Afrizal Abdal, Abdal Abdul Azis Abdul Chalim Abdul Mizwar A. Rahim Abraham, Irfan Afra Hasna, Afra Afriadi, Bambang Agistya Probo, Agistya Agustin Eka, Agustin AHMAD FAISOL Akbar, Muhammad Raihan Algifari, Salman Ali Satia Graha Amaliah, Zakiah Amir, Raihan Delpha Amroeni Drajat, Amroeni Amrullah, Amar Khoir Anang Tjahjono, Anang Anita Anita Anita Kurniasari Anzirah, Eny Arief Budi Yulianti Arif Zamhari Asharudin, Firman Avinash, Rian Awaludin Awaludin, Awaludin Ayda T Yusuf, Ayda T Bafadhal, Izhar Baso Jabu, Baso Batin, Wade Rahma Bhakti, Setya Panca Indra Bilhaq, Mhd Zulfa Budi Susetyo Busran Cahyo, Yosef Chalim, Asep Saifuddin Cotfas, Daniel T Cuong, Vo Hung Damanik, Jainab Rayanti Damara, Bobby Danny Eka Wahyu Saputra Daraini, Salamah Darma Putra Dede Kania Della Arnelia Putri Denok Arishinta Rosalina, Denok Arishinta Dewi Cakrawati Dewi Muttaqien, Mustika Didik Nurhadi Dila Marta Putri Dinar Riftiasari Dita Yosephine Situmorang Dwifi Aprillia Karisma Edmilizar, Dias Eko Martono El Gazaly, Aejelina Emylia, Najwa Endang Susilawati Eva Siti Faridah Fadhlurrahman Azizi Faniati, Fenny Farhan Farhan Fathul Jannah, Fathul Febriana Santi Wahyuni Febriana, Rendra Fendi Fradana, Fendi Firmansyah, Rizqi Fitria Ardely Fitriani Fitriani Hadi Santoso Halizah, Nia Hanisah Hanisah, Hanisah Harahap, Hotni Sari Hartato, Bambang Pilu Hayat, Najmul Hermawan, La Ode Andi Hidayat Hidayat Hidayati, Dian Humairoh, Ghaida Husnorofik, Zidni Husnul Hotimah, Husnul Jumadi Mabe Parenreng Junaidi Junaidi Karhab, Rinda Sandayani Khoerulloha, Abd. Kholik Komaini, Hayatullah Korompot, Chairil Anwar Kumala Putri, Syavira Dwi Kurniasari Kurniawan Purnama, Gidion Lailatur Rahmi Laksono, Mochammad Dermawan Adi Latin, Nur Fauziyah Lili Suryani Lubis, Khairuddin Maddu, Nur Mila Madyan, M Madyan, Madyan Mahmudi, Ansor Feri Maldini, Ade Titto manaruko, rino Manisa, Riza Mardlaatillah, Aina Marlia, Sri Marzuki Marzuki Masfufah, Karimatun Maulidia, Inda Ma’ulva, Ade Arya Mesh’al, Fairuz Miftahul Arifin, Moh. Muhamad Azli Muhamad Taridi, Muhamad Muhammad Fauzan Auliandi Muhammad Ikbal Muhammad Rusdi Mukhamad Murdiono Mukhoyyaroh, Nur Indah Mukhsin, Moh. Mukti, Titania Mulyawan, Faisal Musa Musa Musa Musunuri, Yogendra Rao Nandi Warnandi Natalie, Regina Yoantika Ndoluanak, Yofran Hengki Nurasmi, Nurasmi Nurhayati Nurhayati NURUL HIDAYAH Nurul Hidayat Nurul Hikmah Nurul, Nurul Azian Nurwijayanti PAMBUDI HANDOYO Pamuji, Slamet Pramawahyudi PRAMAWAHYUDI, PRAMAWAHYUDI Prasetyo, Rukmana Purnama Sari, Desy Putri, Hamida Asoka Rahman, Muhammad Zaki Rasyid, M. Udin Harun Al Ratnasari Ratnasari REFTI HANDINI LISTYANI Rianse, Muhammad Suriyadarman Rico Ardiansyah, Rico Rizaldi, Amri M Romadhon, Fajar Rozi, Fachrul Rudi Salam Rukayyah, Siti Rusydi Umar Saifuddin, Akhmat Sakinah, Nailus Sakur, Ahmad Khoiron Abdan Salminawati Sanjaya, Budi Saputri, Marsanda Sarazumar, Vivi Khairani Sarman Sarman Sataroh, Sindy Satira, Ulfa Seftiani, Wita Selamat Pasaribu, Selamat Setyantoro, Dwipo Shalahudin Shely Cathrin Sholehah, Martus Silma, Amelia Putri Siregar, M. Adriansyah Siti Aminah Siti Khatijah Sofyan Abdi SONY HERU SUMARSONO SUGENG HARIANTO Suha, La Ode Muhammad Misran Jumadi Sundari, Sri Sururin, Sururin Sustiyatik, Enni Suyato Suyato Syahputra, Ramdhani Tajul Arifin Taridi, Muhammad Taufikkurrahman Taufikkurrahman, Taufikkurrahman TAYIB, ADE SOPYAN HADI Tengku Riza Zarzani N Tjandra Anggraeni Tole Sutikno Tontowi Jauhari Triana, Dinny Devy Trianita, Amanda Triyatno, Dony Udoudom, Uduak I. Ulfa, Firda Uliah, Rifatul Umroh, Hijjatul Usman Rianse Vera Anitra Vivin Nur, Vivin Wahyu Kurniawan Widiyanti Widiyanti, Widiyanti Widya Cholid Wahyudin Winara, Lala Rahayu YANI, AFRIDA Yani, Yuli Yateno Yateno Yoan Purbolingga Yuan Anisa Yudisti, Muhammad Pran YULIANA, AZMI Yuliza, Isma Yunus, Abdullah Zaidan, Mhd Zaini, Abdillah Muhammad Zulfani, Neli Zulkifli Alamsah Sutanto Zulvi, Dela Darmaleni