Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
17.345
P-Index
This Author published in this journals
All Journal Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi dan Humaniora AL-Fikr Equilibrium: Jurnal Pendidikan JICSA Public Health of Indonesia Jurnal Sosiologi Pendidikan Humanis Jurnal Berkala Kesehatan JPKMI (Jurnal Publikasi Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia) Phinisi Integration Review SOSIOHUMANIKA ATIKAN AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal Window of Health : Jurnal Kesehatan Jurnal Kesehatan Manarang Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah dan Riset Sosial Humaniora (KAGANGA) Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Alignment: Journal of Administration and Educational Management Bunda Edu-Midwifery Journal (BEMJ) JURNAL PENDIDIKAN TAMBUSAI Hearty : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Journal on Education Indonesian Journal for Health Sciences (IJHS) Ensiklopedia of Journal JUPE : Jurnal Pendidikan Mandala Sulolipu: Media Komunikasi Sivitas Akademika dan Masyarakat Jurnal Kesehatan Jurnal Bidang Ilmu Kesehatan Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran (JRPP) Borneo Nursing Journal (BNJ) Afiasi : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Jurnal Kesehatan Ilmiah Indonesia / Indonesian Health Scientific Journal Diagnosis: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan ARTERI : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Science Midwifery Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI) Jurnal Scientia Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Jurnal Keperawatan Galuh Jurnal Promotif Preventif Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai Diversity: Disease Preventive of Research Integrity Journal of Midwifery and Nursing Studies Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasita' Devotion: Journal of Research and Community Service International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Studi Ilmu Manajemen dan Organisasi GOVERNANCE: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Politik Lokal dan Pembangunan Journal Peqguruang: Conference Series Jurnal Info Sains : Informatika dan Sains Shihatuna : Jurnal Pengabdian Kesehatan Masyarakat Homes Journal: Hospital Management Studies Journal Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI) Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR) Journal of Muslim Community Health (JMCH) Healthy Tadulako Journal (Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako) Jurnal Berita Kesehatan Edu Sociata : Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi Jurnal Fisioterapi dan Ilmu Kesehatan Sisthana (JUFDIKES) Indonesian Journal of Social and Educational Studies Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (FJMR) Mando Care Jurnal Bosowa Journal of Education Journal RESPECS (Research Physical Education and Sports) Journal of Indonesian Scholars for Social Research Education, Language, and Culture Journal Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Kedokteran (JURRIKE) Mamangan Social Science Journal Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Journal of Global Pharma Technology Jurnal Mitrasehat Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian LP2M UNM Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Humaniora (JURRISH) Jurnal Media Hukum Journal of Social and Humanities Jurnal Kesehatan dan Kedokteran Medika: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Corona: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Umum, Psikolog, Keperawatan dan Kebidanan Vitalitas Medis : Jurnal Kesehatan Dan Kedokteran Quantum Wellness : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Obat: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan Advances in Healthcare Research Svāsthya: Trends in General Medicine and Public Health Jurnal Kesehatan Marendeng International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science Media Keperawatan: Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pengembangan Pembelajaran IPSSJ Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada Joong-Ki Education Specialist Mega Buana Journal of Public Health Journal of Midwifery and Nursing Studies International Journal of Health Science
Arlin Adam, Arlin
Department Of Public Health, Faculty Of Health, Universitas Mega Buana Palopo
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

Published : 168 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 168 Documents
Search

 13   14   15   16   17 
The Effect of Family Support on the Relapse of Drug Abusers Azwar, Muhammad Azwar; Arlin Adam; Lilis Widiastuty
Window of Health : Jurnal Kesehatan Vol 8 No 4 (October 2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/woh.vi.1572

Abstract

Drug abuse remains a persistent global health challenge, with relapse continuing to be a major obstacle in sustaining recovery after rehabilitation. This study examined the association between knowledge, motivation, and family support factors, including emotional, social, and moral support, with relapse among residents at the Community-Based Rehabilitation Institute of the Mitra Husada Foundation in Makassar. A cross-sectional design was applied, involving all 82 rehabilitation residents through total sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed with Chi-Square and logistic regression tests. The results demonstrated significant associations between relapse and knowledge (p < 0.013), motivation (p < 0.0001), emotional support (p <0.004), social support (p = 0.002), and moral support (p < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis identified motivation as the most influential factor (Wald = 8.026, p < 0.005). The study concludes that strengthening intrinsic motivation and consistent family involvement are essential strategies in relapse prevention. Integrating family-based aftercare programs into rehabilitation services is recommended to ensure sustainable recovery.
Eksplorasi Kepuasan Pasien dalam Layanan Kesehatan Publik di Puskesmas Lampia, Luwu Timur: Pengaruh Budaya Lokal dan Transformasi Sosial Musriadi, Musriadi; Adam, Arlin; Alim, Andi
Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 12 (2025): Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/cerdika.v5i12.2810

Abstract

Pelayanan kesehatan publik yang berkualitas tidak hanya bergantung pada aspek teknis dan fasilitas medis, tetapi juga pada kepuasan pasien yang dipengaruhi oleh nilai-nilai budaya lokal dan dinamika transformasi sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi makna kepuasan pasien dalam layanan kesehatan publik di Puskesmas Lampia, Kabupaten Luwu Timur, dengan memperhatikan pengaruh budaya lokal dan perubahan sosial yang terjadi di masyarakat. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologis digunakan untuk menggali pengalaman subjektif pasien melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif terbatas, dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian terdiri atas pasien, tenaga kesehatan, dan tokoh masyarakat yang dipilih secara purposif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi positif terhadap layanan kesehatan dipengaruhi oleh profesionalisme tenaga kesehatan, kesesuaian sikap petugas dengan nilai budaya (seperti sopan santun dan penghormatan terhadap usia), serta keselarasan layanan dengan cara hidup masyarakat lokal. Nilai dan norma budaya berperan penting dalam membentuk harapan dan kepuasan pasien, sementara transformasi sosial melalui teknologi, pendidikan, dan gaya hidup baru turut memengaruhi pola penilaian dan perilaku masyarakat terhadap layanan kesehatan. Puskesmas Lampia dinilai telah cukup berhasil menyesuaikan diri dengan perubahan ini, dengan tetap menjaga kepekaan budaya dan meningkatkan mutu layanan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pentingnya mempertahankan prinsip pelayanan berbasis budaya seperti 5S (Senyum, Salam, Sapa, Sopan, dan Santun), peningkatan literasi digital tenaga kesehatan, serta dukungan kebijakan yang mendorong pelayanan adaptif dan kontekstual terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat.
Social Reproduction in the Implementation of the Free Nutritious Food Program (MBG) in Makassar Early Childhood Education (PAUD) Sangaji, Ayu Indira; Kamaruddin, Syamsu A; Adam, Arlin
JUPE : Jurnal Pendidikan Mandala Vol 10, No 4 (2025): JUPE : Jurnal Pendidikan Mandala (Desember)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pendidikan Mandala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58258/jupe.v10i4.9758

Abstract

This article aims to analyze how the implementation of the Free Nutritious Food (MBG) program in Early Childhood Education (PAUD) institutions in urban areas of Makassar reflects the process of social reproduction. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical framework of habitus, capital, and field, this article examines how practices and policies within the MBG program contribute to the perpetuation of social structures and class differences in society. The study adopts a conceptual–analytical approach, employing qualitative methods based on literature review and sociocultural analysis of the Makassar community context. The findings indicate that the MBG program functions not only as a child health policy but also as a symbolic arena that reinforces disparities in social, cultural, and economic capital among different social groups. Family habitus, perceptions of nutrition, and the ways educational institutions interpret policy collectively shape patterns of social reproduction within the urban context of Makassar. This article highlights the importance of a sociological approach in formulating child nutrition policies to foster more equitable social transformation..
Social Capital Between Restaurant Owners and Fish Traders at the Lappa Fish Auction Place Muhammad Syafri; Syamsu A Kamaruddin; Supriadi Torro; Arlin Adam
Journal of Indonesian Scholars for Social Research Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): JISSR
Publisher : Cendekiawan Indonesia Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59065/jissr.v6i1.256

Abstract

The relationship between restaurant entrepreneurs and fish traders is not only transactional economic, but also a social relationship based on trust, local cultural values, and informal social networks. The approach used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The theories used in the analysis include symbolic interaction theory (Blumer), social exchange theory (Homans), and social capital theory (Coleman). The results of the study show that the forms of interaction that occur between the two parties include long-term subscription practices, timely payments, and close communication based on local values such as siri', cooperation, and mutual trust. This social interaction has been proven to be able to produce stability in the supply and distribution of fresh fish, as well as strengthen the local economic resilience of coastal communities. The existence of social capital is the main key in forming a network of cooperation that is not only economically profitable but also strengthens social solidarity. Thus, economic practices at TPI Lappa reflect the integration between the economic system and local culture that characterizes the Bugis-Makassar coastal community.
Hazard Normalization at Sea: Risk Perception and Osh Compliance Among Small-Scale Fishers in Jeneponto Regency Yusriyanto; Romansyah Sahabuddin; Syamsu A Kamaruddin; Arlin Adam
Journal of Indonesian Scholars for Social Research Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): JISSR
Publisher : Cendekiawan Indonesia Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59065/jissr.v6i1.258

Abstract

Small-scale fishing is crucial for global food security yet remains one of the most hazardous occupations. Despite constant exposure to environmental dangers, the relationship between fishers’ risk perception and their compliance with Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) practices remains underexplored. This study investigates this dynamic through the lens of the sociology of risk, viewing hazards not as objective probabilities but as socially constructed phenomena. For small-scale fishers, risk perception is deeply embedded in social norms, religious beliefs, and economic pressures. Dangers are often interpreted as inevitable fate rather than critical threats—a process of "hazard normalization." Consequently, formal safety regulations often fail because they overlook these specific cultural contexts. This research examines how fishers interpret risk and how these constructions shape their everyday safety practices. By situating occupational safety within the sociocultural realities of fishing communities, the study aims to inform more context-sensitive, participatory OSH policies. Bridging the gap between formal regulations and lived experiences is essential for enhancing safety in this vital sector.
Studi Kualitatif tentang Dinamika dan Tantangan Pengelolaan Aset di Lingkungan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Toraja Utara Pasapan, Yasri; Adam, Arlin; Alim, Andi
Mando Care Jurnal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Desember 2025
Publisher : Yayasan Mandar Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55110/mcj.v4i2.229

Abstract

Regional asset management is a vital component in supporting the efficiency and quality of public services, particularly in the health sector. According to the 2024 Audit Report by the Audit Board of Indonesia (BPK), significant weaknesses remain in the inventory and documentation of regional assets. This study aims to explore the dynamics, challenges, and strategies of asset management within the Health Office of North Toraja Regency. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed, collecting data through in-depth interviews with key informants, including the head of the office, asset managers, heads of community health centers, and technical staff. Thematic analysis was applied through data reduction, categorization, and conclusion drawing. The results reveal that asset management faces challenges related to technical aspects, coordination mechanisms, and human resources. Key obstacles include the absence of standardized technical SOPs, limited staff capacity, and infrequent data updates. Strategies implemented include the formation of an inventory team and the issuance of a regulatory decree by the Regent. The study recommends strengthening the capacity of asset managers, developing specific SOPs for health assets, and establishing a more integrated and transparent asset information system. These efforts are essential to ensure optimal asset management that supports quality health services in mountainous regions.
The Role of Digital (Social Media) in Changing Clean and Healthy Living Behavior Among Urban Adolescents in South Minahasa Regency Wiwin Imelda Opod; Arlin Adam; Andi Alim
International Journal Of Health Science Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): : International Journal of Health
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/ijhs.v5i1.5697

Abstract

Social media has become an integral part of adolescents' daily lives and plays a crucial role in shaping their lifestyles, including health-related behaviors. This study aims to analyze the role of social media in encouraging changes in clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) among urban adolescents in South Minahasa Regency. A quantitative approach with a descriptive design was employed, and data were collected using questionnaires distributed to 100 adolescents residing in the Amurang and Tumpaan areas. The collected data were analyzed descriptively to identify the patterns of information access, the types of platforms used, and the impact of health-related content on adolescents’ behavior. The findings indicate that 78% of respondents admitted to obtaining information about PHBS from social media platforms, with TikTok and Instagram being the most influential. Furthermore, 65% of respondents reported experiencing positive changes in personal hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing and maintaining oral health, as well as improvements in environmental hygiene, including waste management and household cleanliness. Social media health content that is visually engaging, short in duration, and easy to understand was perceived as more effective in influencing adolescents’ daily practices. In addition, peer interaction within social media platforms was found to strengthen motivation and foster a sense of collective responsibility in adopting healthier behaviors. This study highlights that social media serves not only as a source of information but also as a medium of behavioral reinforcement among adolescents. However, the effectiveness of these platforms largely depends on the quality, relevance, and cultural suitability of the health messages delivered. Therefore, the conclusion of this study emphasizes the need for a more structured, engaging, and locally-based digital communication strategy to maximize the impact of social media as a health promotion tool.
Influence of Social Culture Change on PHBS in Tenga Health Center, South Minahasa Community Lodewyk NN Poluan; Arlin Adam; Andi Alim
International Journal Of Health Science Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): : International Journal of Health
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/ijhs.v5i1.5702

Abstract

Socio-cultural transformations brought about by globalization have had a profound impact on various aspects of human life, including public health behavior, where Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) serves as a crucial indicator in promotive and preventive health efforts. The working area of the Tenga Community Health Center provides a unique context for examining how these socio-cultural changes affect community health practices. This study aimed to analyze the influence of socio-cultural changes on PHBS within this community. Employing a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design, the research involved 100 respondents selected through purposive sampling, using a questionnaire that was previously validated and tested for reliability. Data analysis utilized the Chi-Square test and simple logistic regression to assess relationships between socio-cultural variables and PHBS practices. Results indicated that new cultural values (p = 0.013), the role of social media (p = 0.004), and shifts in patterns of social interaction (p = 0.031) significantly influenced PHBS practices, whereas traditional customs (p = 0.076) were not found to have a meaningful effect. These findings underscore that socio-cultural changes substantially shape clean and healthy living behaviors in the community. The study highlights the importance of developing health promotion strategies that are not only scientifically sound but also culturally adaptive, taking into account both emerging global influences and the evolving dynamics of local society. By aligning health promotion efforts with socio-cultural realities, policymakers and health workers can foster more effective interventions to strengthen public awareness and adherence to PHBS. Ultimately, the research suggests that a culturally responsive and context-sensitive approach is essential in sustaining improvements in community health behavior amidst the rapid social and cultural transformations driven by globalization.
Co-Authors A Kamaruddin, Syamsu A Safriadi Darmansyah A A Zulfikar Aliuddin Abd. Hady J Adiaksa, Baso Witman Adnan, Yudhi Agus, Rezki Aprianti Agustang Agustang Agustang, Andi Ahmad Restani Syukron Alam, Muhammad Ichwan Iskandar Alamsyah Alamsyah Allo, Maya Rante Ana Welellu Andi Alim Andi Alim, Andi Andi Asrina Andi Ihsan Andi Ihsan Andi Nurlinda Andi Nursida Andi Sahrul Jahrir Andi Suwirta, Andi Andi Zulkifli Abdullah Angraeni, Sinta Angriani Kristianita Pamona, Wasti Anita, Nur Anna Handayani Annisa, Mulkyah Ansyaruddin Ansyaruddin Samad Arifuddin Usman Arifuddin Usman Arikalang, Aprillya Arman Arman Armi Indrayuni Arsyad, Ernawati Ashriady, Ashriady Asmuliati, Diana Aspiati Haji Ali Aswar Aswar Azwar, Muhammad Azwar Baehaqi Bastiana Bastiana Benyamin Dimi Chakti, Andi Gunawan Ratu Chikita, Maharani D. Mahing, Maria Goreti Etywati Darmayadi Danduru Darmayanti, Resty Rahayu Dedeng Nurkholik Sidik Permana Desiderius H. J. Goo Diane Rineke Kaunang Dwi Jusrini Palungan Eka Dharmawati Lewa Ema Arisandi Erniati Erniati Ersian Rani Gratia Wongkar Fadli Fadli Fadli Faradiba Anggraeni Firdawati, Yuyun Fricilia Magda Winosoi Kandou Gratia Christine Junet Bofe Hairil Akbar Hamdan Nur Hamdana Hariani Harisman Harisman, Harisman Harun, Fachrudin Suryadi Haswindah Hervina Surahman Hidayat, Agit Dwi Hidayat, Arham Ibnu Hajar Ibrahim Sudirman Idris, Fairus Prihatin Ihsan, Andi Imam Mukti, Imam Indrayuni, ST.,MT, Armi Irhasana, Irhasana Irma, Sitti Irman Susanto Irviani Anwar Ibrahim Irviani Anwar Ibrahim, Irviani Anwar Ishaq Iskandar, Muh. Iskandar, Harun Iskandar, Ishaq Iskandar, Muhammad Ishaq Ismawati, Ros Iwan Ramadhan Jahrir, Andi Sahrul Jamaluddin Jamaluddin Jamil, Bidasari Jane Randa Patasik Jelni M. Oruh Jumadi Jumadi Jumriyanti Nasaru Kamaruddin, Samsu A. Kamaruddin, Syamsu Kamaruddin, Syamsu A Kamaruddin, Syamsu A Kamaruddin, Syamsu A. Kamaruddin, Syamsu Andi Karim, Nurwahida Khairani, Nurul Fitri Kristiani Lalan Latif, Sarifudin Andi ledia, Ida Leida, Ida Lestari, Sari Arie Lilis Widiastuty Lisna Lisna, Lisna Lodewyk NN Poluan Maqfirah Maqfirah, Maqfirah Mariani Mariani mariyati mariyati Marlina Alia Mega Mustikasari Meilani Meilani, Meilani Meyske Gente, Meyske Mohamad Guntur Nangi Mohamad Husni Thamrin Mudarsi, Vivi Muhammad Azwar Muhammad Syafri Muhammad Syukur Munadhir Munadhir Musakkar, Mustika Eka Pratama Muslimin Muslimin Musriadi, Musriadi Najamuddin Najamuddin, Najamuddin Naolin, Imelda Natsir, Nursanita Nganro, Reski Niar, Niar Ningrum, Sri Hutami Ayu Noeraini, Vina Aresya Noni Widhirexy Novita Novi Purnama Sari Nufninu, Robert Nur Aini Cora Nuraeni Mustari Nurhasanah Nurhasibah Nurlela Nurlela Nurlela Nurlela Nurrahmat Nurrahmat Nursida, Andi Nurul Kamaliah Umasangaji Nurul Qalbi Obert, Hendra August Palewai, Harpandi Rahim Pasapan, Yasri Pattiwael, Rahmawaty Rahman Pongsituru, Ester M. Pratiwi, Desi Arisma Purnama Purnama Putri, Tharia Nurizky Radiansyah Rahmatullah Rahmi, Silatul Rani Wijayanti Reza Aril Ahri Rohman, Asri Aprilia Romansyah Sahabuddin Ruhwandi, Ruhwandi Sadriani, Andi Sainuddin, Sudirman Salehuddin Salehuddin Salehuddin, Salehuddin Salkamal, Salkamal Salma Bahsoan Sangaji, Ayu Indira Sanuddin, Sudirman Saputri Stiawati Sari Arie Lestari Sartika Sartika Sartika Silatul Rahmi Simunati Sirandan, Adryani Sombolinggi, Yeltiani ST Arifah Sudirman Sainuddin Suhardin, Mien Asrha Sukma Sukmawati Sukmawati Sulaiman, Herlina Surniah Syahban Nur Syamsidah, Syamsidah Syamsu A Kamaruddin Syamsu A Kamaruddin Syamsu A Kamaruddin Syamsu A Kamaruddin Syamsu A. Kamaruddin Syamsu A. Kamaruddin Syamsu Andi Kamaruddin Syamsul Bahri Syamsuri Syakri Syukurman Syukurman Syukurman, Syukurman Taherong, Rosmawati Tamrin, Sopian Tange, Warni Taufiq Djalal Titi Saparina Torro, Supriadi Tri Sukma, Novian Umasangaji, Nurul Kamaliah Utomo, Jepri Walewangko, Alfriando Wihdaniah Wihdania Windy Tjiali, Windy Wiwin Imelda Opod YANTI, DEFYANTI Yasri Pasapan Yeuis Diah Sri Lestari Yusri, Muh. Yusri Yunus Yusriani, Yusriani yusriyanto Yusriyanto Yusriyanto, Yusriyanto Zaenal, Isradi Zainuddin Zainuddin Zamli Zulkarnain Zulkarnain