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All Journal Jurnal Daulat Hukum Pembaharuan Hukum NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial JURNAL PENDIDIKAN TAMBUSAI WAJAH HUKUM Awang Long Law Review Unes Law Review Jurisprudensi: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Perundang-undangan, Ekonomi Islam Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni Jurnal Ilmu Hukum KYADIREN Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Sigli AL-Ishlah : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Al-Manhaj: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review JIHAD : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Administrasi Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan Jurnal Yustitia Action Research Literate (ARL) Law Development Journal International Journal of Science and Society (IJSOC) Journal of Social Research Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) Indonesia Law Review (ILREV) Jurnal Hukum, Politik dan Ilmu Sosial (JHPIS) QISTINA: Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia Journal of Accounting Management Business and International Research Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Sighat : Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Journal of Mutidisciplinary Issues Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Journal of Law, Education and Business International Journal of Application on Economics and Business Riwayat: Educational Journal of History and Humanities Journal of Education Religion Humanities and Multidiciplinary Journal of Management Accounting, Tax and Production Indonesian Journal of Law and Justice Abdi Masyarakat UIKA Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI) Journal of Accounting Law Communication and Technology SAKOLA: Journal of Sains Cooperative Learning and Law Journal of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Jurnal Akuntansi Hukum dan Edukasi Jurnal Sostekmas: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Teknologi, dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Journal of Business Inflation Management and Accounting Journal of Health Education Law Information and Humanities Jurnal Serina Abdimas
Lie, Gunardi
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DEVIATIONS IN THE USE OF FIXED-TERM EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT IN THE OUTSOURCING SYSTEM Novela, Devina; Lie, Gunardi
Awang Long Law Review Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Awang Long Law Review
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Awang Long

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56301/awl.v7i2.1955

Abstract

Outsourcing has become a choice for companies in dealing with market competition to reduce production costs and increase company flexibility. In practice, outsourcing uses fixed-term employment agreement to form a bond between employers and workers. However, disputes often arise between the two parties regarding rights and obligations that are frequently violated, especially by companies that take advantage of the existence of fixed-term employment agreement to bind outsourced workers. The issues to be examined are the misuse of fixed-term employment agreement in the outsourcing system in The Industrial Relations Court Decision No. 400/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2022/PN.Jkt.Pst. and the application of the principles of protection and legal certainty for outsourced workers in cases of misuse of fixed-term employment agreement in the aforementioned case. The author applies a normative research method with primary legal materials, namely positive labor law and secondary legal materials such as books and legal journals through legal literature study techniques. With a regulatory approach, the data is then analyzed using qualitative methods to compile the data into information. Through the conflict between the law and its implementation, it can be concluded that the form of deviation that occurs is due to the repeated use of agreements and the existence of a pseudo-employment relationship that gives rise to legal consequences for which the company must be held accountable. The application of the principles of legal protection and legal certainty is a form of justice obtained by workers so that the agreement that has been made is binding on both parties. Through the conflict between the law and its implementation, it can be concluded that the form of deviation that occurs is due to the repeated use of agreements and the existence of pseudo-employment relationships that give rise to legal consequences for which the company is liable. The application of the principles of legal protection and legal certainty is a form of justice for workers, so that the agreements that have been made are not merely a formality but provide real protection.
A Legal Review of Indonesia’s Nickel Ore Export Ban Policy in the Context of Economic Value Addition and Industrial Growth Thio, Herman; Lie, Gunardi
Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum Vol 12, No 3 (2025): Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum
Publisher : UNISSULA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26532/jph.v12i3.48750

Abstract

Indonesia implemented a nickel ore export ban as part of its mineral downstreaming policy to increase domestic value added, strengthen industrial development, and secure long-term economic growth through local processing and refining activities. This policy is legally grounded in Law Number 4 of 2009 as amended by Law Number 3 of 2020 on Mineral and Coal Mining, as well as Ministerial Regulation of Trade Number 96 of 2019. This study aims to examines the impact of Indonesia’s nickel ore export ban on value-added economic development and its compatibility with World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, particularly General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994 Article XI:1 and Article XX. The research employs a normative legal research method using qualitative analysis of legal instruments, WTO dispute rulings, and relevant literature. The findings show that the export ban has encouraged investment in smelters, increased downstream industrial capacity, and supported strategic sectors such as electric vehicle batteries. However, the WTO found the policy violated with GATT Article XI:1 and unjustified under Article XX exceptions. While Indonesia’s policy successfully promotes domestic value addition, it also demonstrates the need to align national resource-based industrial policies with international trade obligations to ensure sustainable and legally compliant economic development.
Aligning the Non-Taxable Income Threshold with Inflation: A Legal Justice Theory Perspective Daniel, Daniel; Lie, Gunardi
Jurisprudensi: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Perundang-Undangan dan Ekonomi Islam Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): Jurisprudensi: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Perundang-Undangan dan Ekonomi Islam
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah IAIN Langsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32505/jurisprudensi.v18i1.13069

Abstract

Ideally, the policy on Non-Taxable Income (Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak/PTKP) functions as an instrument for minimum economic protection and reflects fiscal justice within the taxation system. However, in reality, the current PTKP threshold has not been adequately aligned with inflationary dynamics and the declining purchasing power of taxpayers, thereby generating substantive injustice, particularly for low- and middle-income groups. This study aims to analyze the urgency of adjusting the PTKP threshold in response to inflation from the perspective of Gustav Radbruch’s theory of legal justice. The research employs a qualitative normative legal method based on library research, utilizing statutory analysis, conceptual approaches, and legal-philosophical inquiry. Primary sources include tax legislation and related regulations, while secondary sources consist of scholarly literature in law and economics. The findings indicate that an inflexible PTKP policy prioritizes legal certainty over justice and utility, resulting in a distortion of the redistributive and welfare-oriented functions of taxation. Consequently, this study argues that periodic and inflation-responsive adjustments to PTKP are essential to achieving substantive legal justice and reinforcing the constitutional mandate of social welfare under the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia.
Application of Bankruptcy Principles and Principles in the Decision of a Special Judge (Ad Hoc) Commercial Court According to Law Number 37 Of 2004 Lie, Gunardi; Shasmita, Sylvia
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 23 No. 2 (2024): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v23i2.6145

Abstract

Commercial Court, Cassation, and Judicial Review judges set legal principles and uphold justice. Their bankruptcy decisions should be fair and certain, giving all parties legal advantages. Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations is one bankruptcy judge's instrument. Thus, understanding Indonesian commercial court verdicts' legal grounds and how judges use certainty, fairness, and legal expediency is crucial. The subject is examined using a juridical-descriptive-analytical methodology based on Makassar, Medan, Surabaya, Semarang, and Jakarta commercial court cases. Cluster and stratified sampling, descriptive quantitative data tabulation, qualitative analysis, and interviews have shown three judge-used legal reasoning processes. Inductive patterns oriented to legal expediency by Supreme Court Judges at the Judicial Review level; deductive syllogism patterns oriented to legal certainty by Judex Facti judges in the Commercial Court (level I); and deductive patterns oriented to legal justice by Judex Yuris at the Cassation level. Indonesian commercial court judges apply certainty, fairness, and expediency: First, the legal principles and principles applied in the decision of the first instance judge of the Commercial Court (legal certainty) are debt requirements; bankruptcy decisions cannot be imposed on solvent debtors; bankruptcy decisions must be approved by the majority of creditors; silence; recognition of the separatist rights of creditors holding security rights; the bankruptcy decision process is short and open. Second, Supreme Court justices at the Cassation level use the following legal concepts (legal justice): balance, fairness, potential debtor debt restructuring, parity creditorium, pari passu prorate, and structural creditors. Third, the Supreme Court's Judicial Review judges apply the legal expediency principles of business continuity, integration, encouraging investment and business, providing benefits and protection, bankrupt company management must be personally liable, harming bankruptcy property as a criminal offense, debt collection, debt pooling, debt forgiveness, universal, and territorial
Reformasi Hukum Ketenagakerjaan di Era Artificial Intelligence: Perlindungan Pekerja, Reskilling, dan Model Kompensasi Inovatif di Indonesia Ardhan, Muhammad Urifianto; Lie, Gunardi
Journal of Management Accounting, Tax and Production Vol 4, No 1 (2026): Maret 2026
Publisher : CV. Rayyan Dwi Bharata

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57235/mantap.v4i1.8167

Abstract

Perkembangan pesat Artificial Intelligence (AI) telah membawa perubahan mendasar dalam struktur pasar tenaga kerja, termasuk di Indonesia, dengan meningkatnya risiko penggantian pekerjaan manusia oleh teknologi otomatisasi. Fenomena ini tidak hanya menimbulkan persoalan ekonomi, tetapi juga memunculkan tantangan hukum terkait perlindungan hak pekerja, keadilan sosial, serta keberlanjutan sistem ketenagakerjaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana hukum ketenaga kerjaan Indonesia, khususnya melalui Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja dan peraturan turunannya, mengklasifikasikan dan menjustifikasi Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (PHK) akibat adopsi AI, serta menilai kecukupan perlindungan hukum yang tersedia bagi pekerja terdampak. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengkaji kebutuhan akan dasar hukum bagi penerapan model kompensasi inovatif, seperti Universal Basic Income (UBI), pajak otomasi, dan skema distribusi manfaat produktivitas AI, serta mengeksplorasi kemungkinan adaptasi kerangka hukum nasional untuk melegitimasi pendekatan tersebut. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya reskilling dan upskilling dalam menghadapi disrupsi teknologi, serta mengkaji urgensi pengakuan “hak atas pengembangan keterampilan berkelanjutan” sebagai bagian integral dari perlindungan pekerja di era digital.Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif, yang didukung oleh analisis literatur dari jurnal nasional terindeks SINTA dan jurnal internasional bereputasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerangka hukum ketenagakerjaan Indonesia saat ini masih bersifat reaktif, dengan fokus pada kompensasi pasca PHK yang belum mampu menjawab dampak jangka panjang dari disrupsi AI. Selain itu, belum terdapat pengaturan eksplisit mengenai kewajiban pelatihan ulang maupun mekanisme distribusi manfaat teknologi secara adil. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan reformasi hukum yang lebih progresif dan adaptif, termasuk penguatan sistem jaminan sosial, pembaruan kebijakan fiskal, serta pengakuan hak atas pembelajaran sepanjang hayat. Dengan demikian, hukum diharapkan tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai alat perlindungan, tetapi juga sebagai instrumen strategis dalam mengelola transisi menuju masa depan kerja yang lebih inklusif, adil, dan berkelanjutan di era kecerdasan buatan. 
Co-Authors Adepio, Muhammad Fadel Ahmad Sudiro Ainun Jariyah, Sarifah Aisha, Salma Alam, Jenice Valencia Alfiani, Feriza Alya, Nasha Rawza Andrian Andrian Andriani, Kasmita Angela, Silvia Angelia Angelina, Made Aubrey Josephine Anggra, Philip Anindira, Lydia Antara Yasa, I Wayan Suka Anwar Rannu, Delycia Aprilia Fong, Fanesa Aprilia, Indah Siti Aprillianty, Kesia Apriza, Nathania Ardhan, Muhammad Urifianto ARI WAHYUDI Aritonang, Sanrio Art, Stanley Muljadi Augustin, Agatha Avianti, Grace Az-Zahra, Aiska Rahima Belle, Grace Anna Bianty, Thisia Bonang, Rio C, Gabriella Cahyono, Denzel Andersson Candra, Dimas Carnescia, Brenda Cendranita, Ivannia Chandra, Jessica Chen, Zefanya Angellin Christian, Benedict Philip Christine Octavia S Dameria, Fiorella Angella Daniel Daniel Diana Diana Egatri Gulo, Feby EVELYN EVELYN Fadhillah, Siti Aura Fauziah, Khanifa Febriany, Febriany Fernandha, Rizqy Dini Fernando, Wilson Furguson, Felix Goldwen, Filshella Gunawan, Syahrana Kezia Anjunien Halim, Leonardo Hamonangan, Marcellius Kirana Hapsari, Crescentia Viola Priscilla Audra Hartono, Evelyn Hartono, Margareta Kristiani Harum, Vanessa Mathilde Haykel, Muhammad Hermanto, Dennis Hitiyahubessy, Jeanifersu Jemiel Heng, Richard Jolin, Jolin Jonatan, Frangky Juliano Raditya, Jason Juventia, Donabella Juwita, Dhiny Ellen Khasana, Andi Khuswatun Kinanti, Lamsiur Kiyoshi, Maximillian Ivander Koniardy, Delvina Kumala Dewi Laapen, Calinka Princess Belinda Lie , Cathleen Lim, Feili Lim, Grace Natalie Lo, Edmund Lumban Raja, Muhammad Dewo Maddalena Simamora, Indah Maria Manurung, Romandelas Marchvinn, Jessica Mardianto, Sebastian Edward Mardjono, Amerta Marina Marina Marva, Clairina Max, Alessandro Christian Mbaling, Constantius Mario Valentino Medianna, Olivia Metanoya Tapilatu, Finsri Mirza Djafar, Aureelia Nourani Mohammad, Prasidya Moody Rizqy Syailendra Putra Mousavian, Farel Sya'ban Mulyasetya Putra, Joddy Naelayara, Siti Amera Naru, Margareth Trisya Adefinola Natasha, Malika Baby Nathanael, Jeremy Nathanael, Moses Nathasya, Nathasya NEGARA, MOH IQRA Neljeane, Jeane Novela, Devina Novera HuIaifa, Shena Novianti, Siti Nugroho, Maria Cecilia Octavia S, Christine Octaviyanda, Shafarra Octavo, Vito Jonathan Oktavianni Putri Sianturi, Angel P, Moody Syailendra Pahlevi, Muhammad Vito Panglima, Rubby Aditya Patricia, Laura Sally Patricia, Rachel Anne Patty, Thalia Rizq Aurora Permatasari, Yofi Prasetyo, Stephanie Patricia Pratama, Akmal Risqi Yudhianto Putra, Arief Mandala Putra, Ismail Rangga Wahana Putra, Louis Sebastian Anot Putri, Gracia Putri, Maria Phoebe Tjahja Putri, Nadiva Azzahra Putri, Salsabila Putri, Sanny Nuyessy R.Syailendra, Moody Rahayu, Ni Kadek Putri Sita Rahmasari, Lisa Ramadhan, Nayla Az Zahra Ramadhano, Ibrahagi Ramania, Hasya Rigel, Rigel Riko Mono, Jonathan Riski, Naufal Riza Iskandar, Shafa Athaya Rondo, Fiona Louysa Rusli, Vennia Neshya Ryanto, Laurencia Safitri, Yuliya Sahrul, Farhan Ananda Salindeho, Leezza Salsa sally, Laura Sandi, Maydi Jack Santoso, Ellen Sanyoto, Alicia Andromeda Septiandri, Ivon Serena, Michelle Audrey Shasmita, Sylvia Siarill, Jonathan Hervine Sihite, Jelita Sihite, Jelita Damai Sofia Lorenza Simanjuntak, Yosafat Ben Ghurion Sinaga, Efryando Stefen Andreas Siregar, Aristoteles Gerhard Fredrik Sitabuan, Tundjung Herning Sitompoel, Yervant T. S Sitorus, Lena Mariana Br Stella, Helen Subagijo, Kevin Putra Sugiarto, Angelina Jacqueline Sukur, Partermutios Susilo Putra Suryani, Cendana Suwinto Johan Syahputra, Denis Syailendra P, Moody R. Syailendra, Moody R. Syella Susilo, Sherryl Tairas, Hans Daniel Felix Tan, Louissa Nobel Tan, Richie Lay Tania, Elizabeth Tanujaya, Calista Putri Terania, Medi Thie, Naysa Andrea Thio, Herman Tirta, George Anderson Tjendra, Virginia Trisnadi, Ilhan Pasha Islamy Trixie, Ivana Umaternate, Arifin Vaustine, Griselda Vedora, Sheren Regina Veldrin Pua, Brendah Wardhani, Ayu Azalia Wathan, Bilqis Alifia Wijaya, Miquel Enrick Wijaya, Niko William Chandra Winata, Gilbert Winson Salim, Patrick Wonohadidjojo, Christopher Howard Yonandi, Caecilia Patrice Yuan, Shafaa Alaadini Yulyana, Devy Yunita, Theresia Yuwono, Lila Graciella Zalukhu, Iyan Sentosa Zebua, August Delta Zimah, Amelia Abdullah