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Comparative Legal Perspectives on Halal Tourism Regulations in Indonesia, Pakistan, and Nigeria Hermawan Adinugraha, Hendri; Fikri, Muhammad Khoirul; Maulana, Asep Suraya; Sain, Zohaib Hassan; Lawal, Uthman Shehu
Abdurrauf Law and Sharia Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Abdurrauf Law and Sharia
Publisher : Yayasan Abdurrauf Cendekia Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70742/arlash.v2i2.431

Abstract

The lack of harmonization in halal tourism regulations in Indonesia, Pakistan, and Nigeria has led to differences in standards, weak legal certainty, and inconsistent services that hinder the development of halal destinations. This study aims to analyse and compare the regulatory frameworks of halal tourism in Indonesia, Pakistan, and Nigeria, highlighting the differences in legal systems, institutional capacity, and their implications for the consistency of services and the development of the halal tourism industry. This research employs a qualitative method with a literature study approach, examining laws, government policies, institutional documents, and academic literature related to halal regulations. Data were analysed using content analysis techniques and comparative analysis to identify patterns of similarities, differences, and regulatory effectiveness across the three countries. The results of the study indicate that Indonesia has a more standardised halal regulatory framework, established through formal institutions such as BPJPH and MUI. In contrast, Pakistan adopts a market-driven approach due to the absence of formal regulations governing the halal tourism sector. Nigeria has fragmented rules due to its federal structure and dual legal system, resulting in varying standards of halal service across regions. The findings of this literature show that the legal system and the governance capacity of each country greatly influence the effectiveness of regulations. This research provides an understanding of the relationship between legal configuration and the efficacy of halal governance, offering a basis for regulatory harmonisation that strengthens the competitiveness of halal destinations. This study makes a new contribution by presenting a comprehensive comparative legal analysis of halal tourism regulations in three countries with distinct legal system characteristics, which have not been extensively discussed in previous studies. [Ketidakharmonisan regulasi pariwisata halal di Indonesia, Pakistan, dan Nigeria menimbulkan perbedaan standar, lemahnya kepastian hukum, dan inkonsistensi layanan yang menghambat pengembangan destinasi halal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan membandingkan kerangka regulasi pariwisata halal di Indonesia, Pakistan, dan Nigeria dengan menyoroti perbedaan sistem hukum, kapasitas kelembagaan, serta implikasinya terhadap konsistensi layanan dan pengembangan industri pariwisata halal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka yang menelaah undang-undang, kebijakan pemerintah, dokumen kelembagaan, dan literatur akademik terkait regulasi halal. Data dianalisis melalui teknik analisis isi dan analisis komparatif untuk mengidentifikasi pola persamaan, perbedaan, dan efektivitas regulasi di ketiga negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki kerangka regulasi halal yang lebih terstandardisasi melalui lembaga formal seperti BPJPH dan MUI, sedangkan Pakistan mengadopsi pendekatan market-driven akibat ketiadaan regulasi formal yang mengatur sektor pariwisata halal. Nigeria menampilkan regulasi yang terfragmentasi karena struktur federal dan dual legal system, sehingga standar layanan halal berbeda antar wilayah. Temuan pustaka ini menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas regulasi sangat dipengaruhi sistem hukum dan kapasitas tata kelola masing-masing negara. Penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman mengenai hubungan antara konfigurasi hukum dan efektivitas tata kelola halal, serta menawarkan dasar bagi harmonisasi regulasi dalam memperkuat daya saing destinasi halal. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi baru dengan menyajikan analisis hukum perbandingan yang komprehensif mengenai regulasi pariwisata halal di tiga negara dengan karakter sistem hukum yang berbeda, yang belum banyak dibahas dalam kajian sebelumnya.]
RELIGIOUS STRENGTHENING IN CYBER SPACE BETWEEN INDONESIA AND PAKISTAN Nawawi, Muhammad Latif; Andrianto, Dedi; Kurniawan, Wakib; Al Ayyubi, Ibnu Imam; Sain, Zohaib Hassan
SYAIKHONA: Jurnal Magister Pendidikan Agama Islam Vol 3 No 2 (2025): Oktober 2025
Publisher : Prodi Magister Pendidikan Agama Islam (MPAI) - STAI Nida El-Adabi Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59166/syaikhona.v3i2.381

Abstract

This study examines the strengthening of religious values in cyberspace in Indonesia and Pakistan two countries with the world’s largest Muslim populations and significant influence on contemporary Islamic discourse. The rapid advancement of digital technology and the widespread use of social media have created new arenas for religious transmission, especially among younger generations who are deeply engaged in online communication. In Indonesia, platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok are extensively used by preachers to convey Islamic teachings in creative, simplified, and engaging formats, reflecting an approach rooted in Islamic moderation (Wasathiyah). In contrast, in Pakistan, digital preaching has also flourished but tends to adopt a more conservative tone and operates under stricter government regulation due to historical sectarian tensions and concerns about extremist influence. Employing a qualitative approach with interactive analysis techniques, this study investigates the roles of governments, religious institutions, and civil society in shaping religious narratives within digital spaces. The findings reveal that while both countries acknowledge the transformative potential of cyberspace for promoting religious education and identity formation, they also face persistent challenges such as radicalization, misinformation, and online hate speech. Consequently, the study underscores the importance of strengthening digital religious literacy and fostering collaborative regulatory frameworks to ensure that cyberspace evolves into an inclusive, constructive, and peaceful environment for reinforcing Islamic values. These insights contribute to broader academic discussions on religion, media, and the transformation of Islamic education in the digital age.
ENHANCING LEARNING AUTONOMY: THE IMPACT OF CHATBOTS ON SELF-DIRECTED EDUCATION Sain, Zohaib Hassan; Aziz, Aulia Luqman
Erudio Journal of Educational Innovation Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Erudio Journal of Educational Innovation
Publisher : Faculty of Administrative Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Self-directed learning (SDL) is a crucial approach to helping students develop their independence, adaptability, and lifelong learning mindset in a society that relies on rapidly changing information. It is becoming increasingly important for students to take charge of their own education as education systems shift towards more student-centered models. In this rapidly changing environment, robots powered by artificial intelligence (AI) have become game-changing tools that can transform how students learn and engage with information. Chatbots help students learn on their own or with personalized, engaging, and scalable help. They ensure that students receive feedback, inspiration, and adaptable learning experiences at the right time. The purpose of this study is to investigate how robots can assist individuals in learning independently in four key areas: setting goals and making plans, self-monitoring and metacognition, motivation and engagement, and customization through adaptable support. Based on well-known theories, such as Knowles' (1975) principles of self-directed learning and constructivist learning frameworks, this study suggests that robots can be utilized as digital learning teachers to help students learn independently and reflect on their learning process. Because they are intelligent and capable of engaging in conversations, robots help students set important goals, track their progress, and adjust their plans when they encounter problems. In the end, these systems provide students with the tools they need to build confidence, discover their own drive, and navigate their educational paths independently, which is transforming the way digital learning is conducted today.
Co-Authors A. Asrijal Abbasov, Ramil Abdullah, Nurul Annisa Abdullah, Nurulannisa Abdullah, Nurulannisa Binti Abu Khaer, Abu Achmad Tubagus Surur Achmad, Dliyauddi Adeolu AGOI, Moses Adeoye, Moses Adeleke Adiyono Adrian, Elfira Rosa Afriani, Gusma Afrus Nufrizal Agatha Cryssandra Pigesia Agoi, Moses Adeolu Agoi, Oluwanifemi Opeyemi Agung Anggoro Seto Ahmad Sahidah Akmal Mundiri Akpan, Wisdom Matthew Al Ayyubi, Ibnu Imam Amalia, Astrifidha Rahma Andi Setiawan Andrean, Rizky Anggraini, Nabila Putri Aries Musnandar Arifianto, Andry Artipah, Artipah Asfahani, Asfahani Ashfan, Mahadharu Ashifaati Aulia Luqman Aziz Aziz, Aulia Luqman Azizah, Suci Midsayhri A’yun, Rizqah Qurrata Baharun, Hasan Baskara, Risang Budiman, Septian Arief Busmayaril Busmayaril Chanda Chansa Thelma Dedi Afrison Dedi Andrianto Defriyanto Defriyanto, Defriyanto Dian Permana, Dian Duerapho, Zulfa dzilkamil, khabibah Edi Putra Jaya Eko, Gunawan Elbadiansyah, E. Elbadiansyah, Elbadiansyah Ferida Rahmawati Folaranmi, Bukola Abosede Hakim, Mohammad Arif Rahman Hanif, Abdul Hefniy, Hefniy Hendri Hermawan Adinugraha Hening, Putri Pramesti Henry H Loupias, Henry H Hermawan Adinugraha, Hendri Hosaini, Hosaini Ihsan, Mahlil Nurul Irawansyah Irawansyah Irma Nurmala Dewi IRPAN IRPAN, IRPAN JUNAIDAH JUNAIDAH Khaeruman Khoiruddin, Heri Khoirurrosyid, Muhammad Khomairohtusshiyamah, Unzilah Kinasih, Ayuning Putri Puspita Sari Krida Singgih Kuncoro Kurniawan Arif Maspul Kurniawan, Tegar Robby Kurniyawan, Hendi Lama , Alma Vorfi Lama, Alma Lama, Alma Vorfi Lawal, Uthman Shehu Manshur, umar Margana Margana Maulana, Asep Suraya Meilani, Nisa Moses Adeolu AGOI Muhamad Taufik Hidayat Muhammad Furqan, Muhammad Muhammad Khoirul Fikri Muhammad Taufik Hidayat Mumu Muzayyin Maq Nanang Aria Sandika Natalia, Bonifasia Ekta Fima Nawawi, Muhammad Latif Nugroho, Anton Priyo Nurtina, Sitti Oki Dermawan Oluwanifemi Opeyemi AGOI Oshinowo, Oluwakemi Racheal Phiri, Edwin Vinandi Poort, Elang Amadious Prabowo, Galuh Principe, Regine Aguilar Putri, Dinda Febrianti RAHIMAH, ANNI Rahma Pratiwi, Emy Yunita Rijaya M, Okta Rini Setiawati Robbani, Hafidhur Rohman Saad Rozanah Katrina Herda, Rozanah Katrina RR. Ella Evrita Hestiandari Rusdiah, Nadira Sa'diyah, Sa'diyah Sain, Shahzadi Hina Sain, Shazadi Hina Samsul Huda Santiana Santiana Saro'i, Mohammad Savitskaya, Elina S. Serban, Razvan Setiono, Agus Setyawan*, Dhimas Nur Shehu Lawal, Uthman Shogbesan, Yusuf Olayinka Shulthoni, Muhamad Sofia Sofia, Sofia Sovia Mas Ayu Sufyati HS Sugiarto, Fitrah Suhendi, Saca Susanti, Rini Ayu Tatang Muh Nasir Thelma, Chanda Chansa Ulya, Ghonni Afifatul Vasudevan, Asokan Vasudewan, Asokan Victa Sari Dwi Kurniati Vorfi Lama, Alma Wakib Kurniawan Widowati Pusporini, Widowati Yakubu, Muhammad Auwal Yusli, Yusli