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Rasji, Rasji
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Analysis of Unilateral Termination of Employment Without the Establishment of an Industrial Relations Dispute Resolution Institution in a Force Majeure Situation (Study of Supreme Court Decision Number 374 K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2023): Analisis Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Sepihak Tanpa Penetapan Lembaga Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial dalam Keadaan Force majeure (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 374 K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2023) Arrasyiid, Muhammad Restu; Rasji, Rasji
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v21i1.1403

Abstract

General background: Termination of employment (PHK) in Indonesian labor law requires strict procedural safeguards to protect workers. Specific background: The rise of unilateral PHK during the COVID-19 pandemic, often justified as force majeure, created tensions between substantive justification and mandatory procedural requirements. Knowledge gap: Despite existing regulations, ambiguity persists regarding the legal definition, evidentiary standards, and interaction between force majeure provisions in Article 164(1) and the imperative procedural requirements of Article 151(3). Aims: This study analyzes the legal framework governing PHK due to force majeure and evaluates the validity of termination without formal determination by industrial relations dispute-resolution bodies, focusing on Supreme Court Decision No. 374 K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2023. Results: Findings show that force majeure lacks a clear legal definition, enabling inconsistent interpretation; the Supreme Court affirmed that termination without procedural determination is null and void, yet still applied reduced compensation under Article 164(1), creating normative inconsistency and insufficient deterrence for employers. Novelty: This research identifies the dual inconsistency between procedural imperatives and substantive relief for employers, proposing a reconstructed normative framework. Implications: Clear statutory definitions, stricter evidentiary standards, and alignment between procedural compliance and compensation rules are required to strengthen worker protection and prevent misuse of force majeure claims. Highlights: Termination of employment without a determination from the industrial dispute settlement body is null and void pursuant to Article 151(3). Force majeure is recognized but lacks a clear legal definition and standardized evidentiary requirements. Supreme Court Decision 374/2023 reveals an inconsistency between procedural violations and the reduced compensation granted. Keywords: Force Majeure, Employment Termination, Industrial Relations, Legal Procedure, Worker Protection
Legal Review of the Mechanism of Commission III of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia in Resolving Public Complaints : Tinjauan Yuridis Mekanisme Komisi III Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia dalam Rangka Menyelesaikan Pengaduan Masyarakat Gea, Poppy Primadana Top; Rasji, Rasji
Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijler.v21i1.1404

Abstract

General Background: Komisi III DPR RI holds a strategic supervisory role in Indonesia’s legal governance, particularly in ensuring accountability and justice within law-enforcement institutions. Specific Background: The increasing volume of public complaints indicates growing public reliance on legislative oversight to address perceived injustices, procedural irregularities, and allegations of abuse of authority in the criminal justice system. Knowledge Gap: Despite its significance, the mechanism for processing complaints in Komisi III lacks standardized procedures and remains underexplored in academic legal studies, especially regarding its conformity with constitutional principles and good governance. Aims: This study aims to analyze the legal basis, implementation, and limitations of Komisi III’s complaint-handling mechanism, as well as identify structural and normative barriers that affect its effectiveness. Results: The findings show that complaints are handled through stages of submission, verification, hearings, and recommendations, yet face obstacles such as unclear boundaries of authority, absence of SOPs, bureaucratic constraints, political intervention, and weak inter-institutional coordination. Novelty: This research provides a comprehensive normative-juridical assessment integrating legal doctrine with practical institutional dynamics. Implications: Strengthening procedural clarity, transparency, and technology-based administration is essential to enhance Komisi III’s constitutional role in ensuring accountable, responsive, and rights-oriented law enforcement in Indonesia. Highlights: Komisi III’s complaint mechanism lacks standardized SOPs, creating inconsistencies. Political dynamics and limited authority hinder effective follow-up of cases. Strengthening transparency and digital systems is essential to improve public trust. Keywords: Komisi III DPR RI, Public Complaints, Legislative Oversight, Legal Mechanism, Accountability
The Urgency of Enacting Asset Forfeiture Legislation in Relation to Criminal Offenses: A Perspective of Justice and Utility Pratama, Muhammad Lutfi; Rasji, Rasji
Law Development Journal Vol 7, No 4 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ldj.7.4.688-701

Abstract

Along with the times, economic crimes are increasingly massive and structured. The complexity of these criminal acts can be seen from the development of modes used in carrying out crimes, such as the ease of escaping money from criminal acts which only takes a short time. The construction of the legal system, which currently focuses only on the confiscation of assets through criminal proceedings, is often limited in effectiveness because it requires a court decision with permanent legal force. This causes many assets resulting from crime that cannot be used for the benefit of the state or society. As a form of parliamentary support, the idea emerged to regulate the confiscation of assets resulting from criminal acts in a special law. However, the ratification of the Asset Forfeiture Bill has not been carried out until the time this research is written. This condition reflects the existence of obstacles in the legislation process that have an impact on efforts to eradicate crimes, especially in terms of the confiscation of assets resulting from crime. There are two main problems that will be raised, the first is how the practice of confiscating assets resulting from criminal acts in Indonesia according to the applicable rules is reviewed from the perspective of justice and utility. Second, how is the urgency of the Law on Asset Forfeiture Related to Criminal Acts reviewed through the perspective of justice and benefits. The type of research used is normative legal research. The nature of the research used is Descriptive Legal Research with the type of data used is secondary data. The data collection technique is carried out by library research through a statute approach and a conceptual approach.
The Urgency of Establishing a Personal Data Protection Agency in Indonesia (Adopting the South Korean Personal Data Protection Agency Model) Sulthanah, Lubna Tabriz; Rasji, Rasji
Law Development Journal Vol 7, No 4 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ldj.7.4.675-687

Abstract

Countries under the constitution have a responsibility to protect the privacy of every citizen, one of which is through the protection of personal data. Indonesia has not yet had its own institution tasked with realizing the implementation of the protection of personal data in an integrated manner. Indonesia, when compared to several countries in the Southeast Asia and Asia region, can be said to be lagging behind in terms of having the PDP Law, including the absence of a Personal Data Protection Institution. As a policy study material to see the form of the Personal Data Protection Agency, the researcher will examine the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC), which is a personal data protection institution in South Korea. The selection of the country is based on the fact that South Korea is one of the countries in Asia that is considered to meet the equality standards of data protection laws. The type of research used is a normative legal research method supported by empirical legal research methods. The data collection technique was carried out by literature study supported by interviews with parties involved in the research. The main problem that will be raised in this study is how the Personal Data Protection Institutions in Indonesia and South Korea are similar and different. In addition, what is the urgency of establishing a Personal Data Protection Agency in Indonesia that adopts PIPC in South Korea. The adoption in question does not mean plagiarizing in a complete way, but adaptation by considering constitutional conditions, capacity, and specific needs.
The Legitimacy Controversy Surrounding Mass Organizations as Holders of Mining Business Licenses within the Framework of National Mining Law Clarosa, Vivian; Rasji, Rasji
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren Vol 7 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kyadiren
Publisher : PPPM, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum (STIH) Biak-Papua

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46924/jihk.v7i2.382

Abstract

This study analyzes the legitimacy of religious-based organizations (ormas) as holders of mining business permits under Law Number 2 of 2025, the Fourth Amendment to Law Number 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining. Using a normative juridical approach, it evaluates the policy’s alignment with the constitutional principles of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution and the framework of good mining governance. The findings indicate that prioritizing Special Mining Business Permit Areas (WIUPK) for business entities owned by religious organizations is formally recognized but substantively fragile. The policy creates risks of political clientelism, conflicts of interest, and environmental harm due to insufficient technical capacity and weak oversight. Normatively, it does not fulfill the constitutional mandate to promote public welfare but instead opens pathways for abuses of authority and the politicization of religion. Strengthening implementing regulations is essential to ensure transparency, accountability, and environmental sustainability in natural resource management.
THE APPLICATION OF FORCE MAJEURE CLAUSES AS A BASIS FOR EMPLOYMENT TERMINATION IN INDONESIAN LABOR PRACTICES Sani, Ayi Meidyna; Rasji, Rasji
EKSEKUSI Vol 7, No 2 (2025): Eksekusi : Journal Of Law
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/je.v7i2.38574

Abstract

 The use of force majeure clauses as grounds for termination of employment (PHK) is increasingly common in employment practices, particularly in crisis situations that impact a company's operational capabilities. However, the use of force majeure as a reason for termination of employment often raises legal issues because it is often misinterpreted, over-extended, or used without meeting the normative requirements stipulated in the Manpower Law and its implementing regulations. This study aims to analyze the validity of using force majeure as a basis for termination of employment, identify its legal limitations, and examine the considerations of judges in several Industrial Relations Court and Supreme Court decisions related to this issue. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. The results indicate that force majeure can only be used as a basis for termination of employment if the event is beyond the company's control, unpredictable, and truly prevents the company from maintaining its employment relationship. Furthermore, judges tend to reject terminations based on force majeure if the company is still able to operate or if other alternatives exist, such as bipartite negotiations, rearranged working hours, or wage deferrals. Therefore, regulatory certainty and clarity are needed to prevent employers from misusing force majeure.Keywords: force majeure, Termination of Employment (PHK), Employment Law, Judge's Consideration
Co-Authors Abilah, Rahma Christabel Acchedya Wijaya, Fico Adam Ramadhan Adam, Chistopher Kendrick Ade Putra F Sumbara Adenfa, Alexandrio Akhir, Akhirudin Alfarhani, Luqyana Shafira Alfiani, Feriza Alhadad, Fahrul Alsabilah, Zahra Angelina, Aubrey Josephine Angelina, Vilyn Anggitha, Fricila Anggra, Philip Angkasa, Wincent Hungstan Apriza, Nathania Apryano, Argya Attallah Ar Rohma, Inayah Arrasyiid, Muhammad Restu Augustin, Agatha Aulia, Dzikrina Aulia, Riska Aurelia, Jessica Axfelia, Deviana Azahra, Natasya Sabrina Baeha, David Lestarius Immanuel Baloch, Sania Mari Bandhar, Bandhar Basri, Bryan Alexander Beale, Aurelius Steven Bobyanti, Feny Budiman, Eunike Kathryn Cailla, Glenn Kevin Candela, Vincent Candra, Dimas Chandra, Clarissa Mayella Chandra, Jessica Chaniago, Fathimathuz Zachra De Chen, Zefanya Angellin Cherieshta, Jocelyn Christella, Christella Chua, Jessica Clarissa Aurelia Susanto Clarosa, Vivian Claudia, Jennifer Clementino Moningka, Yosia Damanik, Gabriel Yericho Darmansyah, Adimas Gusti Davin, Auliadi Achmad Defilania, Oktri Dikjaya, Dikjaya Djaja, Benny Djayanti, Djayanti Dustin, Briyan Edyson, David Effendi, Kevin Noble Eida, Tri Salwa Nur Ekaprasetya, Ekaprasetya Endang Lestari Erdiyanto, Rizqy Pratama Estellin, Emmanuella Audry Evelyn Millechen Fadloli, Muhammad Farhana, Alia Fatimatuzzahra Fatimatuzzahra Febriany, Febriany Femilia, Naomi Ferselli, Aurellia Karin Florencia, Cherlyne Baby Gabriella Ranti Gazali, Narumi Bungas Gea, Poppy Primadana Top Givanti, Dofana Gosan, John Tiel Gulo, Barnabas Juni Saputra Gunawan, Gabriela Hadi Wibowo, Satria Hamonangan, Marcellius Kirana Harahap, Abi Hamdalah Sorimuda Hartono, Ernita Dewy Hartono, Margareta Kristiani Hasta, Baharuddin Jusuf Habibie Helmi, Teofilus Titus Hendry, Hillary Hong, Carissa Patricia Hotma Elisa Irene Siahaan Howard, Christopher Hutabarat, Ela Suryani Hutapea, Junika Gabriella Cecille Imanto, Kesya Swietenia Maharani Jonatan, Frangky Jonathan, Edward Jovian, Erland Julius, Lollyta Juwita, Dhiny Ellen Kabalmay, Brinet Lydia Kamila, Amalia Kelvianto, Carmella Khaulah, Tatsbita Khemal Akbar, Moh. Kusniawan, Jovindi Fernando Laapen, Calinka Princess Belinda Lambonan, Jestika Erika Lestari, Novianti Liumenti, Liumenti Liunda, Sheren Agapena Hosaya Lukmadi, Fionna Khantidevi Luvianti, Teressyavira Maharani, Shavira Ardita Manggal, Adam Tanzio Marhein, Vannestian Marina Marina Mbayang, Chrissonia Margareta Mella Ismelina Farma Rahayu Michael Michael Michael Michellena, Michellena Muslih, Sarazatin Ananda Najla, Tengku Amira Natasya Mauly N, Denayu Nathasya, Nathasya Nazhimah, Shafira Nigar Pandrianto Novianti, Siti Nugroho, Hizkia Ivan Octwelfth, Florentina Ezrahi Oktavian, Ivan Danara Patricia, Viane Phua, Steven Cai Lee Pramita, Helen Pratama, Muhammad Lutfi Princes, Elfindah Priscilla, Nathalie Purba, Evaline Suhunan Purba, Nanda Divabuena Purwanti, Puja Ayu Puspita, Salsabillah Ayu Putra, Louis Sebastian Anot Putra, Surya Dharma Putri Apriliani, Narisa Putri, Amanda Fitriani Eka Putri, Audrey Bilbina Putri, Belicia Widhyana Yulia Putri, Nadiva Azzahra Putri, Sanny Nuyessy Quinn, Luverne Pujian Rafi, Paksi Ramadhan, Nayla Az Zahra Rannu, Delycia Anwar Refalia, Salsa Revina, Revina Rewiyaga, Rewiyaga Rigel, Rigel Rokhim, Akbar Nur Rudijanto, Maria Natasha Rukmana, Kevin Rukmana, Kevin Anandita Rusli, Vennia Neshya Ryanto, Laurencia Salim, Patrick Winson Sani, Ayi Meidyna Santoso, Ellen Saputri, Sherlyana Indah Sari, Emmanuela Komala Sepriani, Sarnida Serena, Michelle Audrey Setiadi, Margaretha Putri Setiawaty, Tiffany Silvia Cahyadi Simarmata, Michael Kalep Singhs, Arief Dermawan Sinta Paramita Siregar, Rachel Adeline Siswanto, Vivienne Olivia Sitompoel, Yervant T. S Situmorang, Waldus Sriyanto, Mohammad Rubby Sugara, Maria Vianney Lourdes Sugiarto, Angelina Jacqueline Sulastri Sulastri Sulistio, Felicia Amanda Sulthanah, Lubna Tabriz Sumbayak, Marlyn Christ Nathasia Br Suryani, Cendana Syamila, Najma Tanujaya, Calista Putri Usman, Raphaellee Peters Putra Valerie, Athalia De Vanessa Vanessa Vaustine, Griselda Vedora, Sheren Regina Vera, Vionna Vetty Virginia, Virginia Wadu, Chyrila Tifany Mailakay Hernics Wafi, Auzan Wardhana, Adi Pratomo Kusuma Widagdo, Chanandika Dafri Widjaja, Jason Marcellino Widjaja, Jety William Chandra Win, Han Wonohadidjojo, Christopher Howard Yandika, Nayla Putri Yetmiaty, Yetmiaty Yudha, Refans Jaka Pratama Yulian, Fransisca Chatharina Yuliska, Nanda Yuliyani, Allya Putri Yulyana, Devy Yuwono Prianto Zimah, Amelia Abdullah