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TAX AVOIDANCE AS A MODERATOR OF TAX RATE, LEVERAGE, DIVIDEND POLICY, FIRM SIZE, AND FIRM VALUE Miladi Sutanti; Darmawati Muchtar; Rico Nur Ilham; Ghazali Syamni; Husaini; Jummaini
International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) Vol. 5 No. 8 (2026): JULY
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23192010

Abstract

This study examines the effects of effective tax rate, leverage, dividend policy, and firm size on firm value, with tax avoidance as a moderating variable, among food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2020–2024. A quantitative panel-data design was applied to 57 companies selected through purposive sampling, producing 285 firm-year observations. Secondary data were obtained from annual financial reports and analyzed using EViews. Random effects models were selected for the direct-effect specifications, whereas the interaction model used fixed effects. The findings show that tax rate, dividend policy, firm size, and tax avoidance do not have significant direct effects on firm value. Leverage has a negative and significant effect at the 10% level. Tax avoidance does not moderate the relationship between tax rate and firm value, but it significantly weakens the relationships of leverage, dividend policy, and firm size with firm value. The results indicate that debt and tax-planning decisions should be evaluated jointly because aggressive tax avoidance can intensify the adverse market implications of financing and corporate-scale decisions.
THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL LITERACY, FINANCIAL PLANNING, AND FINANCIAL CONTROL ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MSMES WITH THE ADOPTION OF DIGITAL FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY AS A MODERATING VARIABLE IN LHOKSEUMAWE CITY Muhammad Multazam; Rico Nur Ilham; Frengki Putra Ramansyah
International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) Vol. 5 No. 9 (2026): AUGUST
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21775607

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy, financial planning, and financial control on the financial performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises in Lhokseumawe City and examine the moderating role of digital financial technology adoption. To demonstrate the reporting format of this article before primary data is available, this document uses 364 synthetic observations and analyzes them through partial least squares structural equation modeling. Simulation results indicate that financial literacy (β = 0.214), financial planning (β = 0.267), financial control (β = 0.318), and digital financial technology adoption (β = 0.228) have a positive effect on financial performance. The interaction of technology with literacy (β = 0.083), planning (β = 0.112), and control (β = 0.146) also shows a reinforcing effect. The simulation model explains 67.3 percent of the variation in financial performance. This figure serves only as a methodological illustration and does not represent empirical findings for MSMEs in Lhokseumawe City.
THE EFFECT OF ASSET STRUCTURE, LIQUIDITY, AND TAX AVOIDANCE ON CAPITAL STRUCTURE WITH PROFITABILITY AS A MODERATING VARIABLE (A STUDY OF ENERGY SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE (IDX) 2019-2022) Muhammad Zahrul Fuadi; Jummaini; Rico Nur Ilham
International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) Vol. 5 No. 9 (2026): AUGUST
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23022116

Abstract

This research was conducted to see the influence of Asset Structure, Liquidity, Tax Avoidance, and Profitability Moderation variables on Capital Structure in Energy Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). The sampling technique in this research was purposive sampling. The sample used in this research was all companies in the energy sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2019-2022 period, totaling 81 companies. The data collection method used is documentation. Documentation is the aim of obtaining data directly from the research site, including relevant books, regulations, activity reports and data relevant to the research. The variables in this research include the dependent variable, namely Capital Structure (DER), and the independent variables in this research are Asset Structure (SA), Liquidity (CR), Tax Avodance (TA) and Profitability (ROA). The results that can be concluded are that Asset Structure has a significant effect on the Capital Structure of energy sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI), Liquidity, Tax Avoidance and profitability do not have a significant effect on the Capital Structure of energy sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI ), Profitability does not moderate the relationship between Asset Structure, Liquidity and Tax Avoidance on Capital Structure in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI).
INFLUENCE ,INVESTMENT AND GDP TO LEVEL OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDONESIA THE EFFECT OF INVESTMENT AND GDP ON THE OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN INDONESIA . Saharuddin; Muhammad Ali; Rico Nur Ilham; Frengki Putra Ramansyah
International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) Vol. 5 No. 9 (2026): AUGUST
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21964122

Abstract

Study This aim For can know investment impact And Product Domestic Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on the unemployment rate in Indonesia. Data analysis methods used in this study This is data quantitative in the form of data secondary with model ARDL withThe total number of observations is 44, with the number of years being 1980 – 2024. The results of the short-term research show that investment and Gross Domestic Product have a positive and negative effect. on the unemployment rate in Indonesia. Then in the long term, investment and Gross Domestic Product have a positive and significant impact on the open unemployment rate in Indonesia.
ANALYSIS OPPORTUNITY AND CHALLENGE INVESTMENT IN THE TOURISM SECTOR IN INDONESIA Rico Nur Ilham; Frengki Putra Ramansyah; Amru Usman; Rusydi Abubakar; Mohd Heikal
International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) Vol. 5 No. 9 (2026): AUGUST
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22031167

Abstract

The tourism sector is a strategic sector that makes a significant contribution to Indonesia's economic growth. Besides being a source of... foreign exchange, this sector also plays a role in creating jobs, increase income public, And push the development of various other economic sectors, such as transportation, hotels, restaurants, and the creative economy. After experiencing a decline due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Indonesia's tourism sector has shown a significant recovery trend. Various government policies, developments in digital technology, as well as increasing interest traveler domesticand Foreign investment is a factor that strengthens investment prospects in this sector. However, investment in the tourism sector also faces various challenges, such as global economic uncertainty, exchange rate fluctuations, regulatory changes, industry competition, and environmental and social risks. Because That, required analysis Which comprehensiveso that investors able to make appropriate investment decisions.
ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN INDONESIA'S MINING SECTOR Irada Sinta; Rico Nur Ilham; Frengki Putra Ramansyah; Azhar; Razif
International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) Vol. 5 No. 9 (2026): AUGUST
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22063854

Abstract

This study analyzes the investment opportunities and challenges in Indonesia's mining sector amid volatile global commodity prices and shifting macroeconomic conditions in 2025-2026. Despite its strategic role as a source of foreign exchange, state revenue, and downstream mineral industry development, the mining sector's contribution to Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product declined from over twelve percent in 2022 to below nine percent in 2025, becoming the only major economic sector to contract even as national economic growth remained solid. Using a descriptive qualitative method based on secondary data from government publications, stock exchange authorities, and financial media, this study examines the sector's macroeconomic environment, the financial performance of listed mining companies, and the interaction between commodity cycles and monetary policy. The results show divergent performance across subsectors, with gold and nickel producers recording strong profit growth while coal producers faced declining revenue amid weaker global coal prices; despite short-term market corrections, foreign investors continued net buying of selected mining stocks, reflecting sustained long-term confidence. The analysis identifies mineral downstreaming, the global energy transition, digitalization, and government policy support as the main investment opportunities, while global economic uncertainty, commodity price fluctuation, regulatory change, and environmental and governance risks remain the principal challenges. The study concludes that Indonesia's mining sector offers a high-risk, high-return investment profile best suited to investors with a medium- to long-term horizon, and recommends portfolio diversification across commodity subsectors, close monitoring of macroeconomic indicators and regulatory developments, and a gradual investment strategy to manage short-term price volatility
Co-Authors A Hadi Arifin AA Sudharmawan, AA Abbas, Damanhur Abdul Rahma Abdul Rahman Maulana Siregar Adisty Azia Riska Aditya Aditya Adnan Adnan Adnan Adnan Adnan Afifah Nurjannah Afrida Dinarintasitepu Afriliana, Lusi Agnes Yulanda, Alya Agus Susanto Ahgniya Putra Ahgniya Putra Ahmad, Shabir Ainna Mahrum Nasution Aiyub Aiyub Akhyar, Chairil Aldy Syafrizal Aldy Syafrizal Alfaiza Alisa, Alisa Alistraja Dison Silalahi Alya Agnes Yulanda Alya Maulisa Am. Riyadi Amelia Amelia Amelia Amelia Sari Br.S . Pane, Lola Amlys Syahputra Silalahi Amru Usman Amru Usman Amsal Simanjuntak Ananta, Raisya Andriansyah Andriansyah Anggi Setia Ningsih Anggraini Syahputri Anggraini Syahputri Anggya Sophia Imannisa Anissa, Farah Anita, Leli Argun Sahli Arjuna Putra, Bambang Arliansyah Arliansyah Arliansyah, Arliansyah Armanu Thoyib Armanu Thoyib Arsya Ardana Artunov Nofal Arya Permana Ginting Arya Permana Ginting Asep Mulyana Asif Bashir Asif Bashir Asmaul Husna Authar ND, Muhammad Ayu Anora Azhar Azhar Aziz Nurrzai Badnatul Nafis Bambang Arjuna Putra Bambang Arjuna Putra Bambang Arjuna Putra Bela Puspita Putri Adelia Bob Feinberg Boy Sland Lase Chalirafi, Chalirafi Charunnisa, Zihan Chetty Tristantia Tarigan Cut Afra Humaira Cut Afra Humaira Cut Muftia Keumala Cut Rozana Sari Cut Zahrani Cut Zira Maulida D, Damanhur Damanhur, Damanhur Damanik, Sri Winda Hardiyanti Darmawati Darmawati Darmawati Muchtar Darmawati Muchtar Muchtar Darmayanti, Mita Debi Eka Putri Desy Nurul Mawaddah Desy Nurul Mawaddah Dewi, Nolla Puspita Dilla Ramadani Dina Salsabila Dina Salsabila Dinda Putri Salsabila Edi Riansyah Eka Astria Eka Nurmala Sari Eka Purnama Sari Eka Purnama Sari, Eka Purnama ekamaida, ekamaida EM Yusuf Iis Em. Yusuf Iis Epi Safira Erlina Erlina Erlina Erlina Erna Isfayani Etia Farianti F, Falahuddin F, Fuadi Fadhillah, Indah Fadilla Putri Siregar Fadilla Putri Siregar Fadilla Putri Siregar Fadli Fadli Fahmi Hilfandi, Muhammad Faisal Faisal Falahuddin Falahuddin Falahuddin Falahuddin Falahuddin Falahuddin, Falahuddin Farica Yusrina Lubis Fauzi Pakpahan Fawati Hushuwar Batubara Febricha Sirma Chania Feinberg, Bob Ferian Ferian Fikri Akbar, Muhammad Fitri Randini Fitri Yusriani Fransiska Aulia, Egha Frengki Putra Ramansyah Fuadi Fuadi Fuadi Fuadi Fuadi Fuadi G. Maffett, Mark Geovani, Iwoeng Ghazali Syamni Ghazali Syamni Ghazali Syamni Hafiz Raza Ali Hamdiah Hamdiah Hamdiah Hamdiah Hamdiah Harjum Muharam Harley Agustian Harry Kurniawan Hasatiru Auwa Hasibuan, Ahmad Fauzul Hakim Hastanti Listyaningtyas Haykal, Muhammad Heikal, Mohd. Hendra A Hendra Harmain Hendra Raza Hendri Sose Fauzi Hendrick Sasimtan Putra Henry Aspan Heri Sandi Heriyana Heriyana Herman Fithra Hery Widijanto Hilmi Hilmi Hotma Nababan Husaini Husaini Husaini Husaini Husaini Ian Wooton Ichsan Ida Ayu Putu Sri Widnyani Idayanti, Lisa Ikhyanuddin Ikhyanuddin Iklil Iklil Ikram Ikramuddin Ikramuddin Ikramuddin, Ikramuddin Indah Fadhillah Indah Sari Yusmita Indah Sari Yusmita Intan Eliana Putri Irada Sinta Irawati, Nisrul Irshad Ahmad Reshi Irvan Irvan isfenti sadalia Isfenti Sadalia Isfenti Sadalia Isfenti Sadalia Isma Putri Agustina Ismuhadi Ismuhadi Isniati Berasa JAYANTI, SUCI ETRI John Zysman Jorgeo O. Brusa Jufridar Jufridar Jufridar, Jufridar Juliana Ariska Juliyanti Jullimursyida Julyanthry Julyanthry Jumadil Saputra Jumadil Saputra Jumaini Jummaini Juni Ahyar Juni Ahyar Kayacilar, Cengiz Khaidir Khaidir, Khaidir Khairah Amalia Fachrudin Khairawati Khairawati, Khairawati Khairil Anwar Khairil Anwar Khairina AR Kiki Farida Ferine Kumala Sari, Dewi L, Lilinesia Lala Merlita Lala Merlita Lasta Irawan, Ari Laxmi Jamatia , Purna Lidya Beru Tarigan Likdanawati Lilinesia Lilinesia Liper Siregar Lisa Nurmaya, Cut Lusi Afriliana Lusi Afriliana M Subhan M, Mawardati M, Munandar M. Faddel M. Fajri Hidayatullah M. Nur, Mukhlis M. siddiq M. siddiq M. Subhan M.Subhan Maisyura Maisyura Maisyura Majied Sumatrani Saragih, Maulana Mangasi Sinurat Mangasi Sinurat Mangasi Sinurat Mangasi Sinurat Mangasi Sinurat Marbawi, Marbawi Mariani Sinurat, Yenni Mariyana BR Manik Mariyana BR Manik Mariyudi Mariyudi Mariyudi Mariyudi Mark G. Maffett Marzuki Marzuki Marzuki Marzuki Marzuki Matriadi, Faisal Maulana Iqbal Maulana Iqbal Maulana Majied Sumatrani Saragih Maulana Majied Sumatrani Saragih Maulana Majied Sumatrani Saragih Maulana Majied Sumatrani Saragih Maulana Majied Sumatrani Saragih Mauliza Amanda Mawaddah Mawaddah Maya Rahayu Maya Rahayu Merlita, Lala Meutia Sari Mhd.Ihwanuddin Hasibuan Mia Claudia Miladi Sutanti Milanie, Feby Mira Agustina Mira Agustina Mita Darmayanti Mita Darmayanti Mity Risky Mohammad Roni Mohd Heikal Mohd, Heikal Mohd. Heikal Mohd. Heikal Mohd. Heikal Mohd. Heikal Mohd. Heikal Muammar Khadafi Muammar Khaddafi Muchtar, Darmawati Muhamad Sidiq Abdillah Muhammad Ali Muhammad Fahmi Hilfandi Muhammad Fikri Akbar Muhammad Fikri Akbar Muhammad Multazam Muhammad Roni Muhammad Zahrul Fuadi Muhammad Zahrul Fuadi Muliani Muliani Muliani Munandar Munandar Munandar Munawar Murni Daulay Muti Miftahul Jannah Mutiah Nasution Muttaqien Muttaqien Muttaqien Muttaqien Muttaqien Muttaqien Nada Fitria Nadia Hasely Nadia Rizky Ramadhani Nadia Shalaty Naffal Rifki Naila Salsabila Kusayuningrum Najia Naseer Ahmad Bhat Naseha Elkarima Nazaina, Nazaina Nazli Hasan Nazli Hasan Nelly Ervina Nisrul Irawati Novita Aulia Lubis Nur Azizah Nur Azizah Nur Faliza Nurainun Nurainun Nuralima Siregar Nurfaliza Nurfazila Nurhasanah Nurhasanah Nuriana Nurlaila Nurlela Nurlela Nurliati Nurliati Nurrzai, Aziz Nursaimatussaddiya Nurul Hidayati Nurul Hikmah Tanjung nuryana nuryana, nuryana O. Brusa, Jorgeo Omar, Khatijah Pangestika, Ratri Puji Suryani, Suci Purba, Rakhmawati Putri Balqis, Putri Putri Faradila Putri Miranda Sembiring Putri Nabilla R, Riinawati Rachmat Al Fadjri Rahmaniar Rahmaniar Rahmaniar Rahmaniar, Rahmaniar Rahmiatul Aula Rais, Rany Gesta Putri Rani Manik Ratri Pangestika Rauzi Ramazalena Razali, Ramadhan Razif Reza Juanda Ricky Pratama Ginting Rima Sefty Vadela Harahap Rina Maulida Risa Novia Risa Novia Riska Fazira Riska Yanti Riska Yanti Rista Sihombing Rista Sihombing Ristati Ristati Risya Irnanda Roiyani Rumiris Siahaan Rusmewahni, Rusmewahni Rusydi Abubakar Rusydi Abubakar Rusydi Rusydi Rusydi Rusydi Safrina Safrina, Safrina Saharuddin Saharuddin Saharuddin Sahat Simbolon Sahli, Argun Sahnaya Khairunnisa Saifanur, Andri Sajida Khairullah salsabilla, Cut Sapna Biby Saprudin Saprudin Saputra, Jumadil Sara Nadia Sardi Sardi Sari, Lira Mustika Sari, Meutia Sariyulis Terfiadi Sauzi Amalia, Sri Siahaan, Rumiris Siallagan, Shintauli Sihombing, Rista Silalahi, Amlys Syahputra Silfia Citra Silfia Citra Silvia Rizki Ramadana Silvia Rizki Ramadana Silvia Wulandari Sinaga, Sarman Sinurat, Mangasi Siska Tri Amanda Siska Tri Amanda Siti Elan Nisa Siti Elan Nisa Siti Maimunah Siti Maimunah Siti Nurhaliza Siti Nurkhotijah Siti Zahara Soqia Salsabila Soqia Salsabila Sri Arini Sri Delviani, Putri Sri Devi Zebua Sri Hayu Kartika Sri Wahyuni Sri Yanti Subhan Subhan Subhan Subhan Suci Puji Suryani Suci Puji Suryani Sufi Suhendri Suhendri Sullaida Sullaida Sultan Fadlullah Nuri Sultan Fadlullah Nuri Sumarni SUMARNI Sumi Amelya Harahap Sumiati Sumiati Sutriani Sutriani Syafrizal, Rodi Syahputri, Lidia Syekh Idrus T Nurhaida T. Edyansyah, T. Edyansyah T. Hafifah Poetry Zulmi Tahara Alsura Tari Mardhia Tarmizi Abbas Tarmizi Abbas Tasya Handayani Tasya Handayani Taufik Hidayat Tengku Wulan Handayani Teuku Muhammad Iqbal Teuku Zulkarnaen Thasrif Murhadi Thasrif Murhadi Ti Aisyah Ulvia Rahmi Ummul Hikmah Saragih Utaminingsih, Eka Wahyuddin Wahyuddin Wahyuddin Wahyuddin Albra Wahyuddin Albra Wahyuddin Wahyuddin Wardhiah Wardhiah Wardhiah Wardhiah, Wardhiah Widodo Endi Prasetia Widodo Endi Prasetia Widya Hartanti Widya Hartanti Widyana Verawaty Siregar Widyana Verawaty Siregar Wooton, Ian Wulan Handayani, Tengku WULANDARI YANITA YANITA YANITA YANITA, YANITA Yasmira Mandasari Saragih Yulmaida, Titi Yunina Yusnidar Yusriani, Fitri Yusril Ramadhan Sembiring Yuyun Wahyuni Yuyun Wahyuni Zahrul Fuadi, Muhammad Zaky, O K M Zamharira Alisya, Putria Zulfa Riza Zulfa Riza Zulfahmi Harahap Zulfan Zulfan Zuriani Zuriani Zysman, John