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Reason and Revelation in Islamic Epistemology: A Hierarchical–Integrative Reconstruction Makrifat Makrifat; Indo Santalia; Andi Aderus; Yessy Kurniati
FiTUA: JURNAL STUDI ISLAM Vol 7 No 1 (2026): June
Publisher : STIT Sunan Giri Bima

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47625/fitua.v7i1.1213

Abstract

This article examines the epistemological relationship between human reason (ʿaql) and revelation in Islamic thought, addressing the ongoing tension between rational autonomy and textual authority in contemporary interpretations. While existing studies often treat reason and revelation in isolation or as competing sources of knowledge, this study seeks to clarify how classical Islamic intellectual traditions conceptualize their relationship in an integrated and systematic manner. The study aims to analyze how major disciplines—particularly kalām (theology), uṣūl al-fiqh (legal theory), Qur’anic exegesis (tafsīr), and Islamic philosophy (falsafah)—define the function, scope, and limits of reason in relation to revelation. To achieve this, the research employs a qualitative library-based method, drawing on primary classical texts and supported by contemporary scholarly literature. The findings demonstrate that reason is consistently regarded as an essential epistemic instrument that enables moral responsibility, interpretive reasoning, and doctrinal articulation. However, its operation is normatively bounded, especially in matters related to metaphysics, the unseen, and definitive (qaṭʿī) texts. This study contributes to the field of Islamic epistemology by proposing a hierarchical–integrative model in which reason functions as a necessary yet subordinate instrument under the normative authority of revelation.
Early Theological Disputes: History and Main Thoughts of the Jabariyyah and Qadariyyah Miftahul Jannah; Indo Santalia
ALSYS Vol 6 No 1 (2026): JANUARI
Publisher : Lembaga Yasin AlSys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/alsys.v6i1.8469

Abstract

This study examines the historical emergence and core doctrines of the Jabariyyah and Qadariyyah sects, two pivotal extremist schools in early Islamic theology that polarized debates on divine predestination (qadha’ and qadar) and human free will (ikhtiar) during the Umayyad era. Employing a qualitative library research design, it synthesizes classical heresiographical texts and modern analyses through descriptive–analytical and hermeneutic approaches to reconstruct their socio-political origins, doctrinal tenets, and theological implications. The findings show that Jabariyyah thought, rooted in pre-Islamic fatalism and crystallized in khālisah (extreme) and mutawassiṭah (moderate) strands associated with Jahm ibn Ṣafwān, conceptualizes humans as majbūr (compelled) agents whose acts are created directly by Allah, thereby negating moral responsibility while affirming taʿṭīl (denial of divine attributes), khalq al-Qur’ān (the created Qur’an), and the rejection of afterlife vision (ru’yah). Conversely, Qadariyyah, pioneered by Maʿbad al-Juhanī and Ghailān al-Dimashqī, advances an absolutist view of human autonomy that rejects divine decree, static faith (īmān), and essential attributes, yet converges paradoxically with Jabariyyah on the created status of the Qur’an. These antithetical positions—Jabariyyah determinism undermining tawḥīd rubūbiyyah and Qadariyyah humanism eroding divine omniscience—arose within an Umayyad political context that instrumentalized doctrine, catalyzing the development of ‘ilm al-kalām and the articulation of an Ahlus Sunnah via media position centered on kasb (act acquisition). The analysis underscores their deviation from Salaf orthodoxy, supported by mutawatir Qur’anic and hadith evidence (e.g., QS. An-Nisa’: 57; Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim on ru’yah), and highlights their continuing relevance for contemporary ethical debates on agency and accountability in a globalized context. Limited by its reliance on textual sources, this study contributes to Islamic intellectual historiography by clarifying the theological roots of extremism and advocating doctrinal moderation with implications for interfaith and philosophical dialogue.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN CADAR DI KALANGAN MAHASISWI Indo Santalia; Guruh Ryan Aulia; Rafika Syahdina; Nur Qalby; Muh. Raihan Gymnastiar Muin
Jurnal Ilmiah Sosiologi Agama (JISA) Vol 9, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sociology of Religion Study Program, Faculty of Social Sciences, North Sumatra State Islam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30829/jisa.v9i1.28652

Abstract

This research aimed to empirically examine public perceptions toward the use of niqab among female students at Islamic higher education institutions, as well as to explore the social responses, stigma, and coping strategies experienced by niqab-wearing students. The study focused on identifying the motivations underlying the decision to wear the niqab, community attitudes toward this practice, and its psychological and social implications. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews and observations involving female students who wear niqab at the State Islamic Higher Education Institution (PTKIN) in Parepare City, South Sulawesi. The informants were selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were analyzed inductively by organizing the findings into thematic categories related to motivation, social perception, stigma, and individual responses. The results indicate that the decision to wear the niqab is influenced by various factors, including religious commitment, personal comfort, environmental influence, religious understanding, and personal life experiences. Community responses toward niqab-wearing students vary, ranging from acceptance and neutrality to negative stigma and discrimination, which are often associated with assumptions of radicalism, social exclusivity, and perceived limitations in social and professional life. Despite these challenges, the female students demonstrated adaptive coping strategies, such as maintaining positive attitudes, strengthening religious commitment, engaging in social interactions, and exemplifying moral conduct as efforts to counter negative perceptions and gradually build social acceptance.
Co-Authors A, Arlan Abbas, Nurlelah Abd Ramim Yunus Abd. Rahim Yunus, Abd. Rahim Abdul Rachman Sahrani Abdul Rahmad Abdul Rahman Abdullah Afifah Amatullah Afzazul Rahman Agus Masykur Ahmad M Sewang Ahsun Inayati Al Khair Syam, Akmal Almahdali, Sayyid Syahdan Almutawallid, Almutawallid Alwi Amis, Moh Amri, Muh. Amsil, Alif Fahrezy Ana Dhiqfaini Sultan Andi Aderus Andi Aderus Andi Ahmad Zahri Nafis Andi Airiza Rezki Syafa’at Andi Hasriani Asfar Andi Muhammad Darul Aqsah Anggi Anggraini, Anggi Aniq Akhmad Ali Bawafie Anis Abd Rahman Anwar Abu Bakar Arfah, Andi Muhammad Awaluddin Arfan Arfan Arifin, Zainuddin AshShiddiq, Nashiruddin ASNI Asri Jaya Asy'ary Ulama'i, Khaerul Awal Awal , Awal Ayu Oktoviasari, Vera Bakri, Muammar Barsihannor Annur Basri Basri Besse Mutmainnah Besse Mutmainnah* Cici Nurmianty DARMANSYAH . Eka Damayanti Eka Mahendra Putra Erfika Fajrin, Fajrin Fathuddin, Muhammad Habib Fathul khair fikar, Zulfikar Firmansyah, Fiqih G, Wahyudi G., Wahyuddin Gishar Hamka Guruh Ryan Aulia H, Hartinawanti Haidar Ali Halik, Muamar Kadafi Hammadi, Hammad Farhan Hamzah Harun Al-Rasyid Hamzah, Ekawati Haniah Haq, Fitri Maylan Harun, Hamza Hasriadi, Hasriadi Hayati, Amirullah Herman, Muhammad Akbar Hilman Nafian Hunaifi, Ilham Husnul Khatimah Husyin Saputra Husyin Saputra I, Irmawati Ilfah Luthfiah Ilham Imam Sanusi Irmawati Irmawati Iskandar Iskandar Iskandar Iskandar Isrha, Muhammad Jeprianto Jeprianto Juliasti, Evin Jusmiati Kaharu, Ninin Riska Syahfitri Kamridah Kamridah Karina Arianti Karmawati Karmawati Kasiono Kasiono Kasiono Kasiono Kasiono Kasriadi Kasriadi Kasriadi, Kasriadi KHAIRUL HUDA, KHAIRUL Khaliq Khaliq Khatimah, A. Khusnul Kurniansyah, Muhammad Kurniati La Ode Ismail Ahmad, La Ode Ismail M, M. Dahlan Mahmuddin Mahmuddin Mahmuddin Mahmuddin Makrifat Makrifat Mansur Mansur Masnawati Masnawati Masruraini Masruraini Masruraini Masruraini Mayani Mayani Miftahuddin Miftahuddin MIFTAHUL JANNAH Milawati Milawati Moh Amis Mooduto, Maryam MR, Marwah Muh. Quraisy Mathar Muh. Quraisy Mathar Muh. Raihan Gymnastiar Muin Muh. Yasin Yasin Nur Muhaemin Latif Muhammad Adryan Muhammad Adryan Muhammad Amri Muhammad Amri Muhammad Habibullah Muhammad Haeril Jufri Muhammad Irfan Jufri Muhammad Istiqamah Muhammad Soadikin Muhsana, Nurul Afifah Muhsin Muhsyanur Muhsyanur, Muhsyanur Mukarrama, Amalia Mustamin Giling Mustin, Hilgha Muthmainnah Muthmainnah Mutmainnah, Besse N, Nurfadilah N, Nurhaerat N, Nurhasmi Nafis, Andi Ahmad Zahri Najamuddin, Andi Naufal, Muflih Nawir, Muhammad Yusril Nuha, Ken Ulin Nur Afni A. Nur Ali, St. Maisyah Nur As’ad HL, Muh Nur Qalby Nurbaya N, Nurbaya Nurdin Nurdin Nurfania, Andi Elvira Nurhikmah Nurlaelah Abbas Nurlina Nurlina Nurlina Nurlina Nurman Said Nurrahmadhani Nadar Nurul Alfian Nurul Intan, Magfira Nurul Islamiah Nurul Islamiyah Premiwati, Elsi Pujirana, Andi Isni Purnama, Yulia Putri Amanda Lestari Qoimah, Lailatul Qorina, Ulfa R, Rahmatullah R, Rahmawati R, Restu R, Rian R, Rismayani r, Riswan R, Rusdin Rafika Syahdina Rahantan, Ahmad Rahmah, Jabal Rahmat Arsyad Rasdin, Rasdin Ratna Reni Reni, Reni Ridwan Sahrani Rifki Rifky Akbar Sahrul, Muhammad Rijal, Tabhan Syamsu Rubi Awalia Rubi Awalia Rusli, Nur Fadhilah Rustam Rustam Saenong, M. Kafrawy Sahrullah Sahrullah Salahuddin Saleh Al Hadab Saleh, Syamsudduha Salito Salito Samiang Katu, Samiang Samsudin, La Ode Samsuriadi Samsuriadi Saputra, Muh Ade Satriani Satriani Sitti Aisyah Kara Sitti Nur Fatimah Sopu, Salahuddin St. Salehah Madjid suardi, alfina Subhan, Nuraini Subhan, Nurul Izzah Sudin Yamani Sulfiana Sulkifli Idrus Syafaruddin, Baso syahrir syahrir Syakur, Muh. Asyraf Syamsu Rijal, Tabhan Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Syamsuduhha Saleh Syamsul Arif Galib Syamsul Bahri Tabhan Syamsu Rijal Tabhan Syamsu Rijal Tabhan Syamsu Rijal Tabhan Syamsu Rijal Talib, Abdullah Tanal, Ana Nurwina Taufik Taufik Thalib, Abdullah Tulhidayah, Radhiah Umar Umar Umar Umar Umar, Hendra Ummu Awaliah Umrati, Umrati Usman Jafar W, Walib Wahda, Nur Aqiqah Wahyuddin G Wahyuddin G Wahyuddin G, Wahyuddin Wahyuddin G. Wahyuddin Halim Wahyuddin Wahyuddin Wahyudi G Wahyudin G Wasfiyah, Faza widia fitria ningsi damang Wulandari, Trikarno yamani, sudin Yasser Mulla Shadra Yessy Kurniati Yusri Handayani Yusriani, Yusriani Zikriadi Zikriadi Zikriadi Zikriadi Zulfahmi Alwi Zulfiani Masud