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Hubungan Paparan Pestisida Dengan Kejadian Goiter Pada Petani Hortikultura Di Kecamatan Ngablak Kabupaten Magelang Sungkawa, Hendra Budi; Setiani, Onny; Suhartono, Suhartono
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 6, No 2 (2007): Oktober 2007
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.6.2.41 - 46

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Pesticides are toxic material  or a substance or mixture of substances used to kill a pest or  intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest.[2] A pesticide may be a chemical substance, biological agent (such as a virus or bacterium), antimicrobial, disinfectant or device used against any pest. Pests in agriculture  include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, molluscs, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms.  Although there are benefits to the use of pesticides, there are also drawbacks, such as potential toxicity to humans and environment. Usage pesticide which do not well  managed  may  generate negative impact. Chronic poisoning of pesticides may produce adverse effect on health, including, cancer, genetic mutation, thyroid diasease, reproductive disorders and neurodegenerative disases. Preliminary researh showed that farmer in district of Ngablak   98 %  have experience of pesticide exposure. Result of study indicate that 16,5 % farmer of horticulture that have pesticide exposure  district of Ngablak  have a disorder of  thyroid and manifest as goiter. This research objective was to find out the relation between pesticides exposure and the incidence of goitre on farmer exposed to pesticides. Method: this research used a case control design with  68 case and 68 control. The variable of the research include age, education, work duration, time of activity per day, pesticide type, pesticide dose, spraying frequency, time of  spraying, farmer position to wind direction while spraying and using of personal protective equipment. Result: Research result indicated  that variables that related to the incidence of endemic goitre were age (OR = 3,83; CI 95%= 1,88 – 7,81), work duration (OR = 12, 79; CI 95% = 2,85 – 57,53), time of activity per day (OR = 2,47; CI 95% = 1,16 – 5,23), pesticide type (OR = 5,86; CI 95% = 2,73 – 12,56), pesticide dose (OR = 2,96; CI 95% = 1,37 – 6,42), spraying frequency (OR = 4,69; CI 95% = 2,28 – 9,69), farmer position to wind direction while spraying (OR = 3,07; CI 95% = 1,39 – 6,77), using of personal protective equipment (OR = 3,18; CI 95% = 1,57 – 6,41). Conclusion: Farmer’s risk factor to the incidence of endemic goitre is  working  time time of activity per day, pesticide type, spraying frequency, farmer position to wind direction while spraying  and  the use of personal protective equipmetn, in its  contribute 33,78%. Probability to the incidence of goitre on farmer exposed to pesticides. Keyword : pesticide exposure,  pesticides type, work duration, incidence of goitre, farmer
Studi Deskriptif Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Dengan Pendekatan Spasial Di Kota Kupang (Analisis Data sekunder Tahun 2010-2011) Maran, Albertus Ata; Nurjazuli, Nurjazuli; Suhartono, Suhartono
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 11, No 2 (2012): Oktober 2012
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.11.2.114 - 122

Abstract

Background :Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF), an endemic disease in Kupang, has been an enormous healthissue throughout years, as it frequently causes outbreak. The risk factors of the disease, according to certainvariables; time, location, civil and population density, climate, precipitation, temperature, humidity, and diseaseincidence, are still remaining unknown. Therefore, no predictive agent to estimate the DHF outbreak in Kupang hasbeen found.Methode : The research is a obsevasional study, with a spatial approach. The research variables were inspectedat same time and the samples were taken from the whole population; all secondary data on Health Departmentregistration record of Kupang. The data was presented on tables and were analyzed by descriptive method.Result : The result of the secondary data analysis indicated that the endemic trend of DHF profile in Kupang hasbeen decreasing over the last 2 years, however the number of exposed area towards DHF endemic increases. DHFIR showed decreasing trend; particular decline was noted on 2011 (55.45 per 100.000 people) compared to 2010.Highest proportion of DHF patient was found on age 5 – 9 years, followed by age 1 – 4 years, and age 15-19 years.There was changed phenomenon in time, distribution pattern and age; from younger age into productive age,with increasing proportion. There were 6 kecamatan and 44 kelurahan that proned to DHF. DHF IR reached thehighest point at 2010, in Kecamatan Kota Raja (122.80 per 100.000 people), the lowest point indicated atKecamatan Kelapa Lima 50.55 per 100.000 people. In 2011, highest IR was indicated at Kecamatan Kota Lama(84.64 per 100.000 people) while the lowest IR indicated at Kecamatan Alak (35.40 per 100.000 people). Certainfactors are believed to take effect on DHF incidence, these factors are; population density, location, precipitation,air temperature and humidity.Keywords: DHF, incidence, descriptive, spatial
Hubungan Kadar Pb Dalam Darah Dengan Profil Darah Pada Petugas Operator Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar Umum di Kota Semarang Timur. Mifbakhuddin, Mifbakhuddin; Wahyuningsih, Nur Endah; Suhartono, Suhartono
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 6, No 1 (2007): APRIL 2007
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.6.1.6 - 12

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background, Lead (Pb) constitutes as main pollutant in the air of the cities besides the pollution of  sulphur dioxide (SO2), suspended particulate matte (SPM)r, nitrogen oxide (NOX ), and carbon monoxide (CO). The impacts of lead (Pb) exposure on  health are kidney disorder, hypertension, anemia, central nerve disorder, behaviourial changes, fertility disorder, miscarriage, child’s IQ decrease, and the disorder  in formation of hemoglobin. Objective, to find out the correlation between the level of lead (Pb) exposure and the blood profile’s of  gas station workers located in the eastern part of  Semarang City. Method, the research used a  cross sectional design with the number of samples were  39 worker. Independent variable was the level of lead content in blood, while the dependent variable was  blood profile and confounding variables were  health history,  intake of energy and  protein , vitamin B12 , folic acid , vitamin C , the habit of drinking tea, drug use, use of self protective device, smoking habit, and alcohol consumption. Results, the average of blood lead  concentration were measured  13,35 µg/dl, the blood profile that including  the level of haemoglobin, leucocyte, hematocrit, erytrocite, MCV, MCH, MCHC, still in normal limits,  variable of blood lead concentration had significant correlation with the level of hemoglobin and the level of hematocrit,  with  OR = 1,388; 95 %  CI=  1,094 – 1,761  for haemoglobin and OR= 1,358 ; 95 %  CI= 1,095 – 1,685  for  hematocrit respectively. Conclusion, the level of  lead content in  blood which is above normal act as  risk factor of decreasing the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit by 1,388 times and 1,58 times respectively, compared with that of normal level of lead content in the blood.  It is recommended that the gas station worker wear the self protective devices (masker) while working in the gas station in  order to reduce the exposure of lead (Pb) from the motor vehicle exhaust and perform regular medical checkup with certain interval (at least once a year). Key words :Blood lead content, blood profile, gas attendants.
Analisis faktor Risiko Kejadian Filariasis di Dusun Tanjung Bayur Desa Sungai Asam Kecamatan Sungai Raya Kabupaten Pontianak. Anshari, Rudi; Suhartono, Suhartono; Setiani, Onny
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 3, No 2 (2004): OKTOBER 2004
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.3.2.54 - 60

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background : Filariasis is a contagious disease that caused by Fillaria parasite and is flued by mosquito bite. Indonesia has 23 mosquito species such as Monsonia, Anopheles, Culex, Aedes, and Armigeres genus which are potential vectors of elephantiasis. 2,5 billion people at risk with elephantiasis cases in the world. Indonesia has 6.233 Fillariasis chronic cases, West Kalimantan has 156 chronic cases (MF Rate 4,5 %). In Tanjung Bayur Orchard was found 17 cases 13 chronic cases (MF Rate 17,8 %) and in 4 mortality case. Tanjung Bayur is a marsh area with field , ditch, water plant which can be prepared as growing vector place. The objective is to determine the risk factors that influence fillariasis in Tanjung Bayur orchard, Sungai Asam Village. Methods : this research used case control design or retrospective study with 13 cases and 27 control. Risk factor that include in this research were vector species, vector density, ditch, water plant, marsh, rice field, pool, underbrush, livestock cage, clothes hanging, temperature, dampness, lighting, existence of gauze at ventilation, wall construction, existence livestock in a home, habit to use curtain, habit to use remedy agains gnats, habit to stay out of  the house in the night. Research location has done at Tanjung Bayur Orchard on Sungai Asam Village, District of Sungai Raya. Data analysis use univariat technique, bivariat analysis with Chi-Square Test and multivariate analysis with Logistic Regression Test. Results: Research result, shows that existence ditch variable (OR = 8,0 ; 95 % CI = 1,5 -  43,4), existence water plant variable (OR = 4,6; 95 % Cl = 1,1 – 44,9) and habit to use curtain (OR = 0,04; 95 % Cl = 0,006 – 0,23) is meaningful for fillariasis infection. Conclusions : existence of water plant (OR = 4,6; 95 % Cl = 1,1 – 18,7), is risk factor that the most dominant for fillariasis infection. Suggestion, the regular illumination from health worker for people to give information about environmental and fillariasis dangerous.   Key word: Risk factor, fillariasis water plant, kinds Sungai asam village
Hubungan Kondisi Sanitasi Lingkungan Rumah dengan Kejadian Reinfeksi Kecacingan pada Murid Sekolah Dasar Bandarharjo 02 - 04 Kota Semarang Suhartono, Suhartono; Budiyono, Budiyono; Rahfiludin, M. Zen
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (2002): APRIL 2002
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.1.1.10 - 15

Abstract

In the same manner as the other developing countries, Indonesia also remains face the difficulties against the high prevalence rate of infectious diseases, particularly ones that related with bad environmental condition. One of them, which is usually occurred in elementary school children and have a negative effect on their growth and development, is soil transmitted helminthiasis, an infection of intestinal worm transmitted through soil or known as helminthic disease. Three kinds of them are Ascaris lumbricoides, whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), and hookworm (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale). Based on that background, this research tried to formulate the problem as follows: is there any relationship between house sanitation and the occurrence of helminthic disease reinfection on students of Bandarharjo 02-04 Elementary School? Conclusions taken from this research are: the occurrence rate of helminthic disease reinfection on Bandarharjo 02-04 Elementary School students in Semarang Regency was 48,3%, most of student’s houses (73,3%) were in a “not so good” environmental sanitation condition. There was no relationship between house sanitation and the occurrence of helminthic disease reinfection on students of Bandarharjo 02-04 Elementary School (p-value > 0,05) Key words : Environmental sanitation, reinfection, soil transmitted helminths
Hubungan Antara Kadar Fenol Dalam Urin Dengan Kadar Hb, Eritrosit, Trombosit Dan Leukosit (Studi Pada Tenaga Kerja Di Industri Karoseri CV Laksana Semarang) Mahawati, Eni; Suhartono, Suhartono; Nurjazuli, Nurjazuli
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 5, No 1 (2006): APRIL 2006
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.5.1.1 - 6

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: The concentration of phenol within urine represent accurate biological indicator of benzene exposure on workers. One of chronic effect of benzene exposure is bone marrow disorder that disturbs hematopoesis system, and causes the decrease of blood component count. The aim of this research was to analyze the correlation between phenol urine concentration and haemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte,thrombocyte, and leukocyte concentration on workers that exposed to benzene in CV Laksana. Methods:This was an explanatory research. Observation and interview were done with a cross sectional approach. The data include respondent’s characteristics (age, job, work periode, body mass index, the use of personal protection equipment), phenol urine, Hb; erythrocyte; thrombocyte; leukocyte concentration. The data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate with Rank-Spearman correlation test. Results: This research showed that the mean of phenol urine concentration was 20 (± SD 4,519) mg/l and prevalence of benzene toxicity 57,1%. The result of haematological examination shows that the mean of Hb concentration was 14,8 (± SD 0,7) mg/dl, leukocyte 8.072,99 (± SD 1.627,9) cells/ųl, thrombocyte 282.857,1 (± SD 64.389,5) cells/ųl and erythrocyte 4.651.428,6 (± SD 25.403,5) cells/ųl. Most of respondents (60%), age between 21-50 years old, work period 3-25 years, mean of body mass index was 23,4. There were 51,43% respondents who didn’t use personal protective equipment and 97,14% respondents who didn’t use gloves as personal protection equipment. Based on Rank-Spearman correlation test, there was a significant correlation between phenol urine concentration and erythrocyte concentration with p value 0,030 and correlation coefficient -0,368. It means that there was a negative correlation between those two kinds of variables. Other statistical tests for the other variables have no significant correlation. Conclusions: Benzene toxicity levels based on phenol urine concentration still in low  exposure category, erythrocyte count was decreased under normal value, but haemoglobin (Hb); thrombocyte and leukocyte concentration were still normal. Workers, company, and worker department need to handle and prevent of benzene toxicity furthermore. This research should be continued with cohort design. Keyword: phenol, benzene, Haemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte, thrombocyte, leukocyte
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Waktu Reaksi Rangsang Cahaya Pada Tenaga Kerja Yang Terpapar Panas Di PT. Baja Kurnia Ceper Klaten Handayani, Sri; Suhartono, Suhartono; Nurjazuli, Nurjazuli
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 4, No 1 (2005): APRIL 2005
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.4.1.27 - 32

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background : One of the negative impacts from the iron work industry is heat in working environment. The heat stress in the working environment gives the workers additional burden and may result an adverse health effect, especially the metabolism of  their body.  Consequently, it may couse fatigue that causes the decrease of their working productivity. The fatigue may be clearly observed on the basis of the measurement of reaction time of light stimuli. The study aims for determining factors related to reaction time of light stimuli of the employees exposed to heat in PT. Baja Kurnia Ceper, Klaten. Method : The study used  cross sectional approach. The samples of the study were 43 workers. It was conducted on January – May 2005. Data was collected using measurement of ambient temperature in the production room, measurement of the fatigue with the reaction time of light stimuli, counting of arterial pulse, measurement of body weihgt/high and interview with respondent. Data was analyzed by using Pearson Product Moment Corelation, Independent t-Test and Multiple Linier Regression Result : Result of the study indicated that ambient temperature was 30,640C, age was 34,35 on average, nutritional status 19,89 on average, working periode was 8,23 on average, the pre-working of reaction time of light stimuli was 352,46 mmdet on average, and the post-working of reaction time of light stimuli was 500,78 mmdet on average, while 27 employees were in the condition of helath dan 16 employees were in the condition of not helath. Conclusion : There was a significant correlation between ambient temperature, age, nutritional status,  working periode, working burden and reaction time of light stimuli. There was not  any defference in reaction time of light stimuli in the group pf health respondents andthat of not health respondents. Key words : temperature, nutrional status, working burden, light stimuli
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Malaria Di Wilayah Pertambangan Emas tanpa Izin (PETI) Kecamatan Mandor Kabupaten Landak Propinsi Kalimantan Barat Salim, Maulidiyah; Suhartono, Suhartono; Wahyuningsih, Nur Endah
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 11, No 2 (2012): Oktober 2012
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.11.2.160 - 165

Abstract

Background : Malaria disease is one of many health problems in Indonesia. The National Annual Parasite Incidence (API) in 2009 is 1.85 per 1,000 people with the provincial range of 0.02 – 27.66 per 1.000 people. According to the data of Health Profile in West Kalimantan in 2009, the clinical malaria was 55.987 and positive malaria was 17.885.In Landak County in 2009, the number of clinical malaria was 4.656 and positive malaria was 698.Methode : This research was an observasional reserved with the approact case control. The case was the in habitants malaria in the period January to December 2011 and the control was the in habitants who free from have malaria.The number of the respondents was 132 samples. Data collection was conducted by interviews and environmentalobservation. The statistical analysis used univariate analysis, bivariate analysis, and simple regression multivariate analysis; and the instrument used to calculate the amount of risk was the odd ratio (OR).Result : The factors that were proven to correlate to the cases of malaria disease were the finding of Anopheles sp.larva in the water of lagoon and swamp, the existence of the lagoon (p = 0.037; OR = 2.414; CI 95 95% = 1.118 –5.211), the usage of mesh on the house ventilations (p = 0.034; OR = 5.714; CI 95 95% = 1.201 – 7.192), the habit of using mosquito net (p = 0.004; OR = 5.378; CI 95 95% = 1.700 – 7.014), the habit of using mosquito repellent (p = 0.000; OR = 6.5; CI 95 95% = 2.935 – 4.394), and the habit of going out of the house at night (p = 0.006; OR = 7.849; CI 95 95% = 1.695 – 6.341).From the multivariate analysis by binary logisticregression, the risk factors influencing on the malaria cases were found: the use of mosquito net, the use of mesh on the house ventilations, the use of mosquito repellent, and the habit of going out of the house at night. The most dominant factor was the use of mosquito repellent with p = and CI 95% = 3.048 – 18.033. Based on the analysis results, it can be found that the use of mosquito net, the use of mesh on the house ventilations, the use of mosquito repellent, and the habit of going out of the house at night have the probability of the risk of having malaria is as much as 95.5%.Keywords : endemic area, malaria, risk factors, area of gold mining
Hubungan Riwayat Paparan Merkuri Dengan Gangguan Keseimbangan Tubuh Pada Penambang Emas Tradisional Di Desa Jendi Kecamatan Selogiri Kabupaten Wonogiri Dewi, Novia Rina; Setiani, Onny; Suhartono, Suhartono
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 12, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.12.1.70 - 74

Abstract

Background : Gold mining in Jendi Village Selogiri Subdistrict Wonogiri District is artisanal gold mining without a permit using amalgamation process (process of extracting gold ore by mixing gold with mercury). Mercury is a neurotoxic of the central nervous system including cerebellum. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between the history of mercury exposure and body imbalance on traditional gold miner in Jendi Village, Selogiri Subdistrict, Wonogiri District. Methods : The kind of this research is observational analytic study and the research design used was cross sectional. The population in this study are all workers in traditional gold mining region, then the sample are taken is determined based on the formula and the obtained sample size of 42 people. The research were taken through the interview, laboratory test (mercury level in the blood), and clinical examination (Romberg test). Data woukd be analyzed using Chi Square and Logistic Regression. Results : The results showed that from the four independent variables, there are two independent variables that had p values > 0,05 are the type of occupation (p value = 1,000) and duration of work per day (p value = 0,119), whereas the other two independent variables had p values ​​< 0,05 are period of work (p value = 0,004) and mercury level in the blood (p value = 0,005) so that Ho is rejected for two independent variables that had p values ​​< 0,05, which means that there is a significant correlation between period of work and mercury level in the blood with body imbalance on traditional gold miner in the Jendi Village Selogiri Subdistrict Wonogiri District. Conclusions : From this research can be concluded that as many as 88,1% of the respondents had a positive result of Romberg test and as many as 97,62% of the respondents had blood mercury level exceeding the EPA threshold value. Suggested should pay more attention to health and safety aspects of working in the gold mining process as an effort to reduce the health effects due to mercury exposure.   Keywords: mercury, traditional gold miner, body imbalance
Hubungan Intensitas Paparan Bising Dan Masa Kerja Dengan Gangguan Pendengaran Pada Karyawan PT. X Marisdayana, Rara; Suhartono, Suhartono; Nurjazuli, Nurjazuli
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 15, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.15.1.22-27

Abstract

Noise exposure can cause hearing loss types of conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss or deafness mix. Noise exposure in  the long term and exceeds the NAB may cause damage to the cochlea which will result in sensorineural deafness. Conductive hearing loss caused by exposure to noise intensity that occur within a short time can cause trauma to the outer ear to the eardrum and middle ear. This was an observational cross sectional design. The sample in this study were employees of PT. X with inclusion criteria. Collecting data using tools such as questionnaires and for hearing loss was measured using a audiometer. The results by Chi-Square test showed significant relation between noise exposure with hearing loss (p = 0.001; PR 2.7 (95%CI : 1.3-5.2) Have a significant relationship between the period of work with hearing loss (p = 0.000; PR 3.3 (95%CI : 1.9-5.9). The stratification analyze can be conclude variables ear disease history, period of work, family history, age it’s not counfounding, whereas length of employment it’s counfounding to the noise exposure and hearing loss as well as increase the risk of hearing loss. Noise exposure and period of work is risk factor for the hearing loss in PT.  X
Co-Authors - Anita, - -, Umayah ., H.M. Chiar A Wahab Jufri A.M, Chainulfiffah A.R. Hanung Triyono Abdul Kadir Abdul Karim Abdul Karim Ambari Abdurrani Muin Abu Naim Achmad Zamah Syary Adil Dananjaya Adjie Rangga Yasa Afiandari, Ery Af’idatun Nisa’ Agus Angling Kusumah Agus Muliadi Agus Munandar Agus Sulastio Agustini, Dewi Meliati Agustinus Soemantri Ahmad Zakaria Ahmad, Khofifah Taslimah Ahsan, Ainul Yaqin Aiman Farag Mohammed Ali, Aiman Farag Mohammed Ajmal As'ad Albert Yakobus Chandra Albertus Ata Maran Aldian W, Karunia Alef Sa’di Aman Alfato Yusnar Kharismasyah Ali Rosidi Alim, Kusuma Yati Amar Amilda Amilda Amin Nurokhman Amir Anak Agung Ayu Suryapraba Anam, Achmad Khoirul Ananda, Gestia Andi Syaputra Andriana Marwanto Anindita Rifta Hapsari Anjasari Safitri, Ni Komang Dessy Dessy Antama, Febrizal Antik Erlina Ardhi, Aulia Ari Djatikusumo Arie Sabdi Sembiring Arief Wahyudi, Arief Arif Harjanto Arif Yachya Arini Setiawati Arita Witanti Arsyad Abd Gani Arsyad Abdul Gani Asdar Djamereng Asril Aminullah Asrorul Azizi Aswandi . 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