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Ratu Ilma Indra Putri

Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Sriwijaya

Author-ID : 352470

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Developing a Model to Support Students in Solving Subtraction Nila Mareta Murdiyani; Zulkardi Zulkardi; Ratu Ilma Indra Putri; Frans van Galen; Dolly van Eerde
Journal on Mathematics Education Vol 4, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Department of Doctoral Program on Mathematics Education, Sriwijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jme.4.1.567.95-112

Subtraction has two meanings and each meaning leads to the different strategies. The meaning of â€œtaking away somethingâ€ suggests a direct subtraction, while the meaning of â€œdetermining the difference between two numbersâ€ is more likely to be modeled as indirect addition. Many prior researches found that the second meaning and second strategy rarely appeared in the mathematical textbooks and teacher explanations, including in Indonesia. Therefore, this study was conducted to contribute to the development of a local instruction theory for subtraction by designing instructional activities that can facilitate first grade of primary school students to develop a model in solving two digit numbers subtraction. Consequently, design research was chosen as an appropriate approach for achieving the research aim and Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) was used as a guide to design the lesson. This study involved 6 students in the pilot experiment, 31 students in the teaching experiment, and a first grade teacher of SDN 179 Palembang. The result of this study shows that the beads string could bridge students from the contextual problems (taking ginger candies and making grains bracelets) to the use of the empty number line. It also shows that the empty number line could promote students to use different strategies (direct subtraction, indirect addition, and indirect subtraction) in solving subtraction problems. Based on these findings, it is recommended to apply RME in the teaching learning process to make it more meaningful for students.

SUPPORTING STUDENTS' UNDERSTANDING OF LINEAR EQUATIONS WITH ONE VARIABLE USING ALGEBRA TILES Sari Saraswati; Ratu Ilma Indra Putri; Somakim Somakim
Journal on Mathematics Education Vol 7, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Department of Doctoral Program on Mathematics Education, Sriwijaya University

This research aimed to describe how algebra tiles can support students' understanding of linear equations with one variable. This article is a part of a larger research on learning design of linear equations with one variable using algebra tiles combined with balancing method. Therefore, it will merely discuss one activity focused on how students use the algebra tiles to find a method to solve linear equations with one variable. Design research was used as an approach in this study. It consists of three phases, namely preliminary design, teaching experiment and retrospective analysis. Video registrations, students' written works, pre-test, post-test, field notes, and interview are technic to collect data. The data were analyzed by comparing the hypothetical learning trajectory (HLT) and the actual learning process. The result shows that algebra tiles could supports students' understanding to find the formal solution of linear equation with one variable.Keywords: linear equation with one variable, algebra tiles, design research, balancing method, HLT

The Role of Context in Third Graders' Learning of Area Measurement Denny Haris; Ratu Ilma Indra Putri
Journal on Mathematics Education Vol 2, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Department of Doctoral Program on Mathematics Education, Sriwijaya University

Many researches showed that the most of students find the difficulty in measuring area. The formula of area tends to be taught directly without involving the conceptual basis and the area measurement are separated from children's daily experiences. For this reason, the teaching and learning of area measurement was designed and link to a set of students' experience-based activities. The context of this research is Indonesian traditional handicraft namely anyaman. The study is situated in the context of implementing an Indonesian version of Realistic Mathematics Education, labeled as PMRI in Indonesia. Design Research methodology comprising preliminary design, teaching experiment, and retrospective analysis is applied. This research described the investigation of the context as preliminary of teaching and learning about area measurement held in 3th grade of primary school SDN 119 Palembang. The result of the teaching experiment showed that problem embedded in a context could encourage the students to develop the idea of area measurement concept. The strategies through emergent modeling showed how students' contribution could be used to develop gradually their reasoning of area measurement concept. In the experience-based activities for learning area measurement, emergent modeling played an important role in the shift of students' reasoning from informal level towards formalÂ mathematical concepts of area measurement.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS LEARNING THROUGH MATHEMATICS MODELING APPROACH Bambang Riyanto; Zulkardi Zulkardi; Ratu Ilma Indra Putri; Darmawijoyo Darmawijoyo
Journal on Mathematics Education Vol 10, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Department of Doctoral Program on Mathematics Education, Sriwijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jme.10.3.8746.425-444

By modeling learning students enjoy learning and doing mathematics in new ways. This study aimed firsly to produce senior high school mathematics modeling tasks, lesson plan, and student worksheet for valid mathematical learning; secondly, to produce senior high school mathematics modeling, lesson plan, and student worksheet for practical mathematics learning; lastly, to produce senior high school mathematics modeling tasks, lesson plan, and student worksheet for potentially effective mathematics learning. This study used method of development research that consisting of 3 steps, i.e., analysis, design, and evaluation. In the analysis stage, researcher did student analysis, curriculum, and mathematical modeling. Second stage are to design and product. Finally, researchers applied a design of formative evaluation consists of self-evaluation, one-to-one, experts review, small group, and field test. Based on experts review, one-to-one, small groups, and field test were obtained valid, practical, and potentially effective, i.e. mathematical modeling tasks, lesson plan, student worksheet to teach mathematical modeling in senior high school and Mathematical modeling tasks and student worksheets to learn mathematical modeling in senior high school.

PISA-LIKE MATHEMATICS PROBLEMS: USING TAEKWONDO CONTEXT OF ASIAN GAMES Dewi Rawani; Ratu Ilma Indra Putri; Hapizah Hapizah
Journal on Mathematics Education Vol 10, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Department of Doctoral Program on Mathematics Education, Sriwijaya University

This research aims to produce a valid, practical, and having potential effects PISA-like mathematics problems using taekwondo context in Asian Games. The subjects were MIA 3 student of SMA 10 Palembang. This study was design research of development study in which had two stages: the preliminary and formative evaluation. The formative evaluation includes self-evaluation, one-to-one and expert review, small group, and field test. The context is used to have the students estimate maximum numbers of exercising athletes in a hall with a specific size. The result of the analysis shows that the problems which were reviewed by three expert reviews are valid qualitatively based on the PISA framework; it is also practical and easy to understand the problem. Based on the analysis of students’ answer, the developed problems display potential effects on student’s diverse basic mathematical abilities on the various process of answering the problems. The basic mathematics abilities emerging among which are reasoning and argument ability. It appears that students can develop and solve the problem by modeling using their assumptions. Also, the other ability is designing strategies to solve problems in which students use various procedures in solving problems leading the conclusion.

Students' Strategies of Measuring Time Using Traditional Gasing Game in Third Grade of Primary School Anton Jaelani; Ratu Ilma Indra Putri; Yusuf Hartono
Journal on Mathematics Education Vol 4, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Department of Doctoral Program on Mathematics Education, Sriwijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jme.4.1.560.29-40

Understanding of measuring time has difficulty for children because it is intangible. Standar units often use directly by teacher for learning time measurement. Many researches involved game in designing learning material to facilitate fun and meaningful learning for children. For this reason, learning of time measurement that connect with children's daily experience was designed. The context of this research was traditional gasing game. The study is situated in implementation of Indonesian version of Realistic Mathematics Education, labeled as PMRI. This research aimed acquire learning trajectory of time measurement using traditional gasing game for the third grader of primary school by describing students' progress in learning. Design research methodology comprising preparing for the experiment, teaching experiment, and retrospective analysis was used. The research was conducted in SD (Sekolah Dasar) Pusri (Pupuk Sriwijaya) Palembang as one of PMRI (Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia) school. The result of the teaching experiment showed that learning design could foster students to experience reinvention of time measurement historically. It stimulated students to emerge their sense of time, measure time using non standar unit, understand the concept of standard unit, and measure time using standar unit. Students' strategies that were emerged showed students' progress through situation and problems that were provided by traditional gasing game.

GEOMETRY REPRESENTATION TO DEVELOP ALGEBRAIC THINKING: A RECOMMENDATION FOR A PATTERN INVESTIGATION IN PRE-ALGEBRA CLASS Ratih Ayu Apsari; Ratu Ilma Indra Putri; Sariyasa Sariyasa; Mieke Abels; Sudi Prayitno
Journal on Mathematics Education Vol 11, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Department of Doctoral Program on Mathematics Education, Sriwijaya University

The present study is a part of design research in local instructional theory in a pre-algebraic lesson using the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach. The article will focus on recommendations for the type of pre-algebra class that supports elementary school students’ algebraic thinking. As design research study, it followed the three steps of preliminary studies, teaching experiment and retrospective analysis. The subject of the study is 32 fifth grade students of MIN 2 Palembang during the teaching experiment phase. The data were gathered from students’ worksheets, lesson observation and interviews with the students. Data analysis was done using a constant comparative qualitative method. The results from the study indicate that pattern investigation in pre-algebra class that visualized geometrically supports the students to identify the form of the pattern and construct generalization.

DESIGNING PISA-LIKE MATHEMATICS TASK USING A COVID-19 CONTEXT (PISACOMAT) Duano Sapta Nusantara; Zulkardi Zulkardi; Ratu Ilma Indra Putri
Journal on Mathematics Education Vol 12, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Doctoral Program on Mathematics Education, Sriwijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jme.12.2.13181.349-364

New changes to the school curriculum by enacting a minimum competency assessment (MCA) with PISA criteria in 2021 have led to confusion over the form of MCA questions among teachers and students due to limited learning resources at schools. This study aimed to produce valid and practical PISA COVID-19 mathematics tasks (PISAComat) potentially affecting mathematics literacy. This study involved 27 secondary-level students aged 15 years old with different levels of mathematics skills. Design research in the form of development studies was chosen as the core framework of this research assisted with the online learning platform. Data were analyzed descriptively through observations, tests, interviews, and document reviews. A set of PISAComat on quantity and change & relationship at the level of reasoning was gained after a formative evaluation. The formative process was conducted through zoom meetings and intensive communication at WhatsApp Group (WAG) to produce valid and practical PISAComat. After being tested in the classroom, the resulting PISAComat had been potentially effective in promoting students' mathematics literacy and life skills during the COVID-19 pandemic.

PISA-LIKE: FOOTBALL CONTEXT IN ASIAN GAMES Ranni Permatasari; Ratu Ilma Indra Putri; Zulkardi Zulkardi
Journal on Mathematics Education Vol 9, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Doctoral Program on Mathematics Education, Sriwijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jme.9.2.5251.271-280

This study aimed to develop a set of PISA-like mathematics problems on uncertainty and data content using football as a context which was valid, practical and had potential effects on students’ mathematical literacy ability. The method used in this study is design research with development studies type which had two stage: the preliminary and formative evaluation. Tenth-grade students of senior high schools in Palembang were involved in this research. This study produced a set of PISA-like mathematics problems at 3, 4, and 5 level. In this case, student’s strategies used some ability in solving one of the problems, namely mathematizing, representation, and communication ability. There were 16 out of 35 students using mathematizing and communication ability, 10 out of 35 students using representation and communication ability, and 9 out of 35 students only using communication ability. Also, the results of the interview with some students showed that they liked to do such PISA-like mathematics problems because they could improve their literacy ability in solving the PISA-like problem.

PROJECT-BASED MATHEMATICS LEARNING: FRUIT SALAD RECIPES IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Poppy Trianti Rahayu; Ratu Ilma Indra Putri
Journal on Mathematics Education Vol 12, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Doctoral Program on Mathematics Education, Sriwijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jme.12.1.13270.181-198

Mathematics learning is associated with 21st-century skills such as communication, collaboration, critical thinking in problem-solving, creativity, and innovation. To help students obtain these skills, a learning project was developed through Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI) approach by using fruit salad recipes and collaborative learning based on the Lesson Study for Learning Community (LSLC) system. The primary purpose of this study was to develop fruit salad recipes to assist junior high school students in solving problems using mean, social arithmetic, and data presentation. It employed design research type validation studies using photos, fruit salad products, and document reviews as data collection techniques. The research subjects were 27 students of grade 8 from a junior high school in Palembang. This study resulted in a learning trajectory consisting of two activities and post-test questions. In the first activity, the students can analyze and solve problems in planning fruit salad recipes with material averaging, social arithmetic, and data presentation. In the second activity, the students can make fruit salads and write recipes based on skills to make fruit salad products. The results of this study demonstrate that in project-based learning through PMRI with the context of fruit salad recipes and the LSLC system, students can learn collaboratively. The learning helps them solve problems by using average material, social arithmetic, and data presentation in developing fruit salad recipes.

Co-Authors -, Ogi Meita Utami AA Sudharmawan, AA Aan Putra Abdul Roni Abels, Mieke Abul Walid Adelia, Viona Adeng Slamet Adha, Idul Aditin Putria Aditya, Pandu Afifa, Mardiah Agustarina, Mitta Agyta Meitrilova Aini, Indrie Noor Ainun Jariyah Ainun Mardia Ainun Mardia Aisyah Turidho Ali Djamhuri Allen Marga Retta Allen Marga Retta, Allen Marga Allya Aulia Alya, Hanayuki Amarta, Nadiati Ambarita, Sahala Martua Amelia, Desy Amelia, Tasya Faricha Anak Agung Gede Sugianthara Andika, Windi Dwi Angge Sapto Mubharokh Anggria Septiani Mulbasari Anggria Septiani Mulbasari, Anggria Septiani Anna Fauziah Anton Jaelani Anton Jaelani Apit Fathurohman Aprilisa, Shinta Arbella Sri Marleny Arbella Sri Marleny M Arika Sari Arika Sari Ardani Artika Sari Arviansyah, Muhammad Reza Arvin Efriani Arvin Efriani Aryani, Jenny Nurika Asmaul Husna Atikarani Noer Saleha Aulia Oktarina, Detia Aulia, Allya Ayu Luviyanti Tanjung Ayu Luviyanti Tanjung Ayu Luviyanti Tanjung Azmi, Zahara Lutfiya B. Santoso Bambang Riyanto Bambang Riyanto Betty, Milhana Budi Mulyono Cahyaningsih, Desi Candra Koni Lelyana Cecil Hiltrimartin Cecil Hiltrimartin Chn, Rafika Riana Dadang Juandi Darmawijoyo, Darmawijoyo Dede de Haan DEDI YANSEN Dedi Yansen Delia Septimiranti Denny Haris Devi Emilya Devi Mardhiyanti Dewi Hamidah Dewi Kartika Subekti Dewi Rawani Dhany Fachrudin, Achmad Diah Kartika Sari Dina Octaria Dina Octaria Dinna Cilvia Asri, Dinna Cilvia Diva Maharani Djuwita Trisnawati, Djuwita Dolly van Eerde Dolly van Eerde Drajat Friansah Duano Sapta Nusantara Dwi Febianti Dyna Meriza EDWAR Effendi Nawawi, Effendi Effendi, Kiki Nia Sania Eka Fitri Puspa Sari, Eka Fitri Puspa Eka Putri Ekasatya Aldila Afriansyah Elfrida Ratnawati Elika Elika Elis Muslimah Nuraida Elis Sulastri Elisa Mayang Sari Elita, Fika Mega Elly Susanti ELLY SUSANTI Elsa Susanti Ely Susanti Encang S. Farindi Euis Eti Rohaeti Fanisha, Siti Nayla Fanni Fatoni, cakrawala Farida Nursyahidah Farista, Muhammad Irsadi Febianti, Dwi Febriyani, Siti Hilda Feli Ramury Fita Khoirunnisa Fitra, Dian Frans van Galen Frans van Galen Geyereni Maretika Noto Ginanjar, Agie Hamidah, Dewi Handayani, Marweny Haniful Muttaqin Hapizah Hapsari Maharani Hardiyanti Indriani Hariani Juwita Harisman Nizar Hartono Hartono Hartono Hartono Hartono, Yusuf Hartono Hasanah, Mifta Nur Hasbi Ramadhan Henry Kurniawan Henry Kurniawan Heris Hendriana Herlina, Rini Hermina Disnawati, Hermina Hery, Rosmala Dewi Hiltrimartin, Cecil Hiltrimartin Ida Hamidah Ida Sriyanti Idul Adha Iga Octriana Ika Pratiwi Ika Pratiwi Indah Widyaningrum Indaryanti Indaryanti Inggrid Yurike, Gabriella Intan Bigita Kusumawati, Intan Bigita Islamirta, Kori Auga Isri Mawarni Izza Della Nur Rizki Jaap den Hertog Jannah, Riya Dhotul Jayanti Jayanti Jayanti Jayanti, Jayanti Jeri Araiku Johan, Mery Jumrotin, Resti Juwita, Hariani Kadek Restu Astuti Kamid, Kamid Katwan Nurwahyuni Khaerani Dwi Saputri Khairunnisa, Alya Khoirunnisya, Rachael Kiki Nia sania Effendi Komariyatiningsih, Novi Kori Auga Islamirta Kristiani, Yasinta Dian Kurnadi, Elika Kurniadi, Elika Kurniawan, Rio Kustanti Situmorang Laela Sagita Laela Sagita Laela Sagita Laswadi Laswadi Lela Anggraini Lelyana, Candra Koni Leni Marlina Leni Marlina Lestari, Nurma Lestariningsih Lestariningsih Lestariningsih Lestariningsih Levana Maharani Liana Septy Lind Puspita Linda Puspitasari Lisnaini Lisnaini Lisnani Lisnani Lisnani Lisnani Lisnani Lisnani Lisnani Lita Lovia Liya Nalurita M. Hasbi Ramadhan M. Hasbi Ramadhan, M. Hasbi M., Arbella Sri Marleny Maarten Dolk Maarten Dolk, Maarten Maharani, Levana Maharani, Yulianita Malalina Malalina Malalina Mardia, Ainun Marhamah Marhamah Fajriyah Nasution Marhamah Marhamah Mariani, Yurika Marleny, Arbella Sri marlina, eli Marta Risa Putri Utami Mawarni, Isri Meilinda Meilinda Meilinda Meilinda Meitrilova, Agyta Melly Ariska Mely Della Pratiwi Meriza, Dyna Mery Johan Meryansumayeka Meryansumayeka Mewa Zabeta, Mewa MICHIEL DOORMAN, MICHIEL Mieke Abels Mifta Nur Hasanah Milhana Betty Mirandah, Sylvenny Miranti, Delia Septi Mochammad Syahrul Azhar Mouli, Mutia Febri Muhammad David Safitra Mulyono, Budi MUSLIMIN Muslimin Muslimin Mustika Khoirunnisa Mutia Febri Mouli Mutia Khoirunnisa Muttaqin, Haniful Nabila Putri Isamer Nabila Salsabila Nabila, Siti Naila Aqila Nur Dzakira Naqiyyah Nurrosyadah Nasution, Marhamah Fajriyah Natanael Putera Rasjid Ginting Nathanael Putera Rasjid Ginting Neina Suci Radhani Nenden Octavarulia Shanty Nila Kesumawati Nila Kesumawati Nila Mareta Murdiyani Ninik Purwaning Setyorini Novi Komariyatiningsih Novi Susanti Novita Sari Novita Sari Novita Sari Novita Sari NUR KHOLIFAH Nur Zahwa Nuraida, Elis Muslimah Nurjannah Nurjannah Nurjannah Nurma Lestari Nyiayu Fraisa Fatiyah, Nyiayu Fraisa Nyimas Aisyah Nyimas Aisyah Nyimas Aisyah Nyimas Aisyah Nyimas Aisyah Octriana, Iga Okto Feriana Permatasari, Ranni Pirdaus Poppy Trianti Rahayu Poppy Trianti Rahayu Pramanika Arieyantini Pramanika Arieyantini, Pramanika Pramitha Sari Pratiwi, Riszky Pabela Pratiwi, Suchi Pratiwi, Suci Indah Pratiwi, Weni Dwi Pratiwi, Weni Dwi Purwasi, Lucy Asri Puspitasari, Linda Puteri, Anisya Sefina Putra, Eko Septiansyah Putri Aisyah Putri Nur Erina Sukasna Putri, Zuliani R. Poppy Yaniawati Rahayu, Chika Rahayu, Poppy Trianti Rahma Siska Utari Rahmi Rahmi Rani, Rondiah Novi Ranni Permatasari Ranni Permatasari Ranni Permatasari Ratih Ayu Apsari Ratih Ayu Apsari Ratih Handayani Regita Dwi Jayanti Rendi Kurniawan Rendi Muhammad Aris Rendi Muhammad Aris, Rendi Muhammad Reny Shinta Sari Reny Wahyuni Retni Paradesa Rika Firma Yenni, Rika Firma Rina Febriana Rini Herlina Rini Herlina Rusiyanti Rini Rini Rio Kurniawan Risa Rahmatia Firsta Risda Intan Sistyawati Risdiyanti, Irma Riskanita, Arini Dyah Riszky Pabela Pratiwi Rita Inderawati Riya Dhotul Jannah Rohania Rohania Rohania, Rohania Rosmalia Septiana Rully Charitas Indra Prahmana Rusdy A Siroj Ruth Helen Simarmata Safitri, Azzahra Indah SAFITRI, SANI Sahala Martua Ambarita Sakiman, Novi Komariyatiningsih Saleha, Atikarani Noer Salsabila, Aliyyah Salsabila, Unik Hanifah Samsuriyadi Samsuriyadi Samsuryadi Samsuryadi Samsuryadi Saraswati, Sari Sari, Arika Sari, Filian Yunita Sariyasa . Sartika Avrilian Saskiyah, Sulafah Ansya SATRIYAS ILYAS Sepriliani, Sisca Puspita Septi Triyani Septi Triyani Septimiranti, Delia Setyorini, Ninik Purwaning Shalsabila Shafa Shalshabilla Shafa Siligar, E.I Pusta Simarmata, Ruth Helen Sisca Puspita Sepriliani SISKA NINGSIH Sistyawati, Risda Intan Siti Fatimah Siti Fatimah Siti Nabila Siti Nabila Situmorang, Kustanti Sofendi Sofendi Somakim, Somakim Sri Handayani Sri Imelda Edo Sri Sumarni Suchi Pratiwi Suci Rahmawati Sudi Prayitno Sudi Prayitno Sudi Prayitno Sugilar Sujinal Arifin Sukasno Sukasno Sukma, Yovika Sukmaningthias, Novika Sulafah Ansya Saskiyah Sunaryati Sunaryati Sunaryati, Sunaryati Surya Amami Pramuditya Susanti, Elsa Syabaniah, Try Nurisa Sylvenny Mirandah Sylvenny Mirandah Syutaridho Syutaridho Syutaridho Tanjung, Ayu Luviyanti Tara Nurpadillah Tasya Faricha Amelia Tika Dwi Nopriyanti, Tika Dwi Tri Muhti Haryani tri muhti haryani, tri muhti Tria Gustiningsi Try Desnita Turidho, Aisyah ullya Ulpa Gusti Pratiwi Umi Puji Lestari Umi Puji Lestari Umi Puji Lestari, Umi Puji Usman Aripin, Usman Uswatun Hasanah Utami, Marta Risa Putri Vera Yuliana Viki Himatul Ulya Viona Adelia Viona Adelia Wahyu Hidayat Wahyu Indra Bayu Waty, Evy Ratna Kartika Wiwik Widyawati Wiwik Widyawati, Wiwik Wulandari, Ratu Mutiara Yajid Latif Yaniawati, Poppy Yansen, Dedi Yeni Widiastuti Yeni Widiastuti Yenny Anggreini Sarumaha Yufitri Yanto Yulia Haryono Yulia Resti Yulianita Maharani Yulianti Yurika Mariani Yusuf Hartono Z. Zulkardi Zahara Lutfiya Azmi Zahra Alwi Zahra Alwi, Zahra Zakawali, M. Bisma Zaskia, Farach Audi Zetra Hainul Putra Zuli Nueraeni Zuli Nuraeni Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkardi, Zulkardi Hasbi

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