Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2020 - 2025
22.072
P-Index
This Author published in this journals
All Journal Journal of Tropical Soils Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan : Publikasi Ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya JTSL (Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan) Jurnal Cita Hukum Journal of Educational Science and Technology English Review: Journal of English Education Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Al-Fikri: Jurnal Studi dan Penelitian Pendidikan Islam Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science ARISTO Sistem : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Teknik JATI UNIK : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik dan Manajemen Industri MODELING: Jurnal Program Studi PGMI Pendas : Jurnah Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Jurnal Teknologi Sistem Informasi dan Aplikasi JURNAL PENDIDIKAN TAMBUSAI Jurnal Pro Hukum : Jurnal Penelitian Bidang Hukum Universitas Gresik Jurnal Pendidikan Lingkungan dan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan JURNAL ILMIAH HUKUM DIRGANTARA Jurnal Artefak Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Poltekkes Depkes Bandung Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research JIKAP PGSD: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kependidikan Jurnal Respirasi (JR) Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum JURNAL GEOGRAFI Geografi dan Pengajarannya Literatus Indonesian Journal of Global Health research Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Perkhasa JURNAL PENDIDIKAN SAINS SOSIAL DAN AGAMA JOURNAL SCIENTIFIC OF MANDALIKA (JSM) Jurnal Dedikasi Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat: Humanity and Medicine MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal Jurnal Agama Buddha dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal FOCUS: Journal of Social Studies SOCIAL : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPS Jurnal Pengabdian Kesehatan Komunitas (Journal Of Community Health Service) Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Indonesia Action Research Literate (ARL) Journal of Science Nusantara AKM: Aksi Kepada Masyarakat IBLAM Law Review Al Khidma: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Absorbent Mind NUSRA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Ilmu Pendidikan ADPEBI International Journal of Business and Social Science Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah DUNIA ANAK: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Jurnal Pengabdian Mandiri Journal of Management, Accounting, General Finance and International Economic Issues (MARGINAL) Digital Transformation Technology (Digitech) Barakuda 45 Asean International Journal of Business JOEL: Journal of Educational and Language Research Co-Creation : Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Manajemen Akuntansi dan Bisnis Jurnal Manajemen, Akuntansi, Ekonomi Jurnal Pelayanan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Begawan Abioso The Es Economics and Entrepreneurship The Eastasouth Management and Business Jurnal Keperawatan dan Kesehatan (JKK) Madani: Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian LP2M UNM Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Humaniora (JURRISH) Journal of Business Management and Economic Development Waspada : Jurnal Wawasan Pengembangan Pendidikan WASATHON Al-lubab : Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Dan Keagamaan Islam Jurnal Informatika Polinema (JIP) Crown: Journal of Dentistry and Health Research Enigma in Education BEGIBUNG: Jurnal Penelitian Multidisiplin Enigma in Cultural Jurnal Budi Pekerti Agama Islam The Eastasouth Journal of Social Science and Humanities RETORIKA : Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam ASSYIFA: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Al-Lubab: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Islam International Journal of Technology and Education Research International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science PESHUM JI-KES (Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan)
Sudarto Sudarto
Universitas Wisnuwardhana Malang
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Astronomy Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Veterinary Other

Published : 204 Documents Claim Missing Document
Claim Missing Document
Check
Articles

Found 204 Documents
Search

 9   10   11   12   13 
Efektivitas Tilang Elektronik atau Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) dalam Meningkatkan Disiplin Berlalu Lintas di Jakarta Muhibbuddin, Muhammad; Sujono, Sujono; Sudarto, Sudarto
LITERATUS Vol 7 No 1 (2025): International Socio-Cultural Scientific Journal
Publisher : Neolectura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37010/lit.v7i1.1999

Abstract

Ticketing for traffic violations on the highway using the Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) system. The existence of the E-ticket system makes it easier for people to pay fines through the bank. The implementation of ETLE is an effort to utilize Information Technology and Communication to support the process of road traffic law enforcement. For this reason, it will be further studied how effective electronic ticketing or electronic traffic law enforcement (ETLE) is in improving traffic discipline in Jakarta and how the factors that hinder the effectiveness of electronic ticketing or electronic traffic law enforcement (ETLE) in improving traffic discipline in Jakarta. The research method used in this study is the normative legal research method. From the results of the study, it was found that electronic ticketing or electronic traffic law enforcement (ETLE) is effective in improving traffic discipline in Jakarta, if law enforcement officers, in this case the Traffic Police, act as deterrents and enforcers for traffic violations that occur. The initiation of the application of the ETLE concept is actually in line with the direction of national legal development, especially in the direction of national legal development that focuses on efforts to eliminate and discipline traffic violations. There is no specific regulation that specifically regulates ETLE and the factors that hinder the effectiveness of electronic ticketing or electronic traffic law enforcement (ETLE) in improving traffic discipline in Jakarta is the regulation of the implementation of ETLE in PP 80/2012 has the potential to cause fundamental problems regarding the legal accountability of ETLE. PP 80/2012. The working mechanism of ETLE raises the possibility that traffic violators are not motor vehicle owners, while the Traffic Ticket will be sent with a database of motor vehicle owners in the motor vehicle registration and identification database. From the results of the study for improvement, it is expected that in terms of limited facilities and infrastructure that require a large budget, the Police can work together with local governments to provide facilities and infrastructure in enforcing ETLE and the government must form legislation, government regulations, and police chief regulations to provide justice, certainty and benefits for all parties related to the effectiveness of electronic traffic law enforcement (ETLE).
SIDE EFFECTS OF SECOND-LINE ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS IN MULTI-DRUG RESISTANCE (MDR) TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS Tamzil, Nia Savitri; Lorenza, Geofanny; Andriani, R.A. Linda; Theodorus, Theodorus; Sudarto, Sudarto; Lusiana, Evi; Harahap, Debby Handayati; Oktariana, Desi; Prasasty, Gita Dwi
Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan : Publikasi Ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan : Publikasi Ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Univers
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/jkk.v12i2.483

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin—the most potent anti-TB drugs. Prolonged treatment duration and complex drug regimens often lead to poor adherence, contributing to high MDR TB incidence and low treatment success rates, particularly in Indonesia. This study analyzed drug utilization patterns in 52 MDR TB patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang, using total sampling based on medical records from October 2018 to December 2019. Data were analyzed descriptively with SPSS v25. The most common side effects reported were weakness, nausea, and vomiting (84.6%), followed by arthralgia, hyperuricemia, and hearing loss (42.3%). Severe side effects were more prevalent in the short-term regimen group (40.4%) compared to the long-term group (7.7%). Weakness, nausea, and vomiting were the most frequently observed side effects in MDR TB patients.
Implementasi Metode Targhib dan Tarhib dalam Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak Peserta Didik Mts Hidayatus Syubban Karangroto Genuk Semarang Sudarto, Sudarto
WASPADA (Jurnal Wawasan Pengembangan Pendidikan) Vol 2, No 2 (2017): WASPADA
Publisher : Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of Undaris

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61689/waspada.v2i2.96

Abstract

Child education with a method of awarding and punishing a lot is underestimated by educators, because it is so commonplace to do so. So that the existing provisions and rules are forgotten even many do not realize that the things that are considered trivial have rules. In fact, mistakes when applying this method of education, can have fatal consequences that damage the personality of the child who had previously been well formed. To get the data needed in this study, the author uses a type of field research research. The point is direct research in the field, namely in MTs Hidayatus Syubban Karangroto Genuk Semarang using a qualitative descriptive approach, the collected data is described in the form of descriptive sentences. In this writing, the aspect of research is the implementation of the Targhib and Tarhib methods in the Akidah Akhlak learning including: Giving Targhib and Tarhib, Types of Targhib and Tarhib Methods, Steps of the Targhib and Tarhib Methods. The research subject in question is someone who is used as a source to obtain research data. In this study the data collected using several methods include: Observation, Interview. From the results of the study, regarding the Implementation of Targhib and Tarhib Methods in Akidah Akhlak Learning at MTs Hidayatus Syubban Karangroto Genuk Semarang, the teacher had implemented an educational tool in the form of Targhib and Tarhib according to existing theories. In learning akidah akhlak, the rewards given to students are not in the form of valuable objects, but in the form of speeches, beautiful praise and deeds. The application of the punishment given by the teacher to students aims so that students know their mistakes and can change them and will not repeat the mistakes they have made. Teachers in giving punishment to students must be careful, because the consequences of punishment are far greater than those caused by rewards
The Influence of Employee Empowerment, Career Opportunities, and Job Satisfaction on Organizational Performance in Medium-Sized Companies in West Java Amalia, Mei Rani; Najmudin, Najmudin; Sudarto, Sudarto; Anggraeni, Ade Irma
The Eastasouth Journal of Social Science and Humanities Vol. 2 No. 03 (2025): The Eastasouth Journal of Social Science and Humanities (ESSSH)
Publisher : Eastasouth Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/esssh.v2i03.630

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of employee empowerment, career opportunities, and job satisfaction on organizational performance in medium-sized companies in West Java. A quantitative approach was employed, with data collected from 350 respondents using a Likert scale (1-5) and analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The findings reveal that employee empowerment and career opportunities significantly and positively influence organizational performance. Job satisfaction also mediates these relationships, amplifying their effects. The study underscores the importance of fostering empowerment, providing structured career development opportunities, and enhancing job satisfaction to achieve superior organizational outcomes. Practical implications suggest that medium-sized companies should adopt employee-centric strategies to enhance performance and maintain competitiveness.
Frugal Innovation in Education: Designing and Evaluating Low-Bandwidth, Asynchronous Learning Systems for Remote Indonesian Schools Hesti Putri; Maya Enderson; Jasmila Tanjung; Matilda Munoz; Sarah Armalia; Jovanka Andina; Kevin Setiawan; Sudarto Sudarto; Khalil Jibran; Jasmine Alieva
Enigma in Education Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Enigma in Education
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/edu.v3i1.95

Abstract

The promise of educational technology (EdTech) to democratize learning in Indonesia is consistently undermined by a profound digital divide, particularly in remote and archipelagic regions where internet connectivity is poor and infrastructure is limited. This study explores the application of frugal innovation principles as a direct and context-aware strategy to address this challenge. A multi-phase, mixed-methods Design-Based Research (DBR) methodology was employed over 18 months. The study involved the collaborative design, development, and implementation of "Lentera," a low-bandwidth, asynchronous, and offline-first learning system, in six remote primary schools in the Maluku Islands. A quasi-experimental design compared three intervention schools with three control schools over one academic year. Data collection was extensive, including pre- and post-intervention literacy and numeracy assessments, System Usability Scale (SUS) surveys, system usage logs, semi-structured interviews with 18 teachers, and over 80 hours of classroom observation. Data were analyzed using a two-level Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) to account for the clustered nature of students within schools. The Lentera system demonstrated high feasibility and positive user adoption, with offline peer-to-peer sharing proving to be a critical feature for content distribution. Quantitative analysis revealed a statistically significant and substantial improvement in learning outcomes for the intervention group in both literacy (γ = 11.85, p < 0.001) and numeracy (γ = 12.91, p < 0.001) compared to the control group, after controlling for pre-test scores. The mean System Usability Scale (SUS) score was 78.5, indicating well-above-average usability. Qualitative findings, drawn from a wide range of teacher interviews and classroom observations, highlighted the system's effectiveness in supporting student-centered, differentiated instruction and fostering teacher collaboration, aligning with the core principles of Indonesia's Kurikulum Merdeka. The study provides compelling evidence that frugal innovation, embodied in a context-aware learning system, presents a viable, effective, and scalable pathway to enhancing educational quality and equity in resource-constrained environments.
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF JIGSAW DALAM MENINGKATKAN PARTISIPASI SISWA KELAS IIIA PADA MATA PELAJARAN PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA DI SD Santhi, Puja Adithia; Sadtyadi, Hesti; Sudarto, Sudarto
SOCIAL : Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPS Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia (P4I)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51878/social.v5i2.5297

Abstract

Student participation plays an important role in achieving the desired learning objectives. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the jigsaw cooperative learning model in increasing the participation of class IIIA students in Pancasila education subjects at SDN 7 Wonogiri. This study uses Classroom Action Research (CAR) with a mixed method approach that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches which are implemented for 2 cycles within a period of four weeks. The subjects of this study were 28 students in class IIIA. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, questionnaires and pre-tests and post-tests to measure student participation and understanding during the learning process. The results of the study showed an increase in student participation in the observation results which were initially 67.5% with a moderate category in cycle I then increased to 81.25% with a good category in cycle II. In addition, the N-Gain analysis showed an increase in understanding of the material from the moderate category (0,48) to high (0,80). This model not only increases participation but also student learning outcomes significantly. The conclusion in this study is that the jigsaw cooperative learning model is effective in increasing the participation of class IIIA students in Pancasila education subjects at SDN 7 Wonogiri. ABSTRAKPartisipasi siswa memiliki peranan yang penting bagi ketercapaian keberhasilan tujuan pembelajaran yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas model pembelajaran kooperatif jigsaw dalam meningkatkan partisipasi siswa kelas IIIA pada mata pelajaran pendidikan Pancasila di SDN 7 Wonogiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan pendekatan mixed method yang menggabungkan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif yang dilaksanakan selama 2 siklus dalam kurun waktu empat minggu. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 28 siswa yang kelas IIIA. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, angket serta pre-test dan post-test untuk mengukur partisipasi dan pemahaman siswa selama mengikuti proses pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan partisipasi siswa pada hasil observasi yang awalnya 67,5% dengan kategori sedang pada siklus I kemudian meningkat menjadi 81,25% dengan kategori baik pada siklus II. Selain itu analisis N-Gain menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman materi dari kategori sedang (0,48) menjadi tinggi (0,80). Model ini tidak hanya meningkatkan partisipasi melainkan juga hasil belajar siswa secara signifikan.Simpulan dalam penelitian ini bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif jigsaw efektif dalam meningkatkan partisipasi siswa kelas IIIA pada mata pelajaran pendidikan Pancasila di SDN 7 Wonogiri.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT KEPERCAYAAN MAHASISWA BAHWA IPA BERKAITAN DENGAN AGAMA DAN KECINTAANYA PADA IPA Sudarto, Sudarto
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): Volume 10 No. 2 Juni 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v10i2.23912

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship or not between the level of students' belief that science is related to the religion and their love for the Science. This type of research is correlational. Respondents in this study were the PGSD FIP UNM Campus VI Bone students who took the Basic Science Concepts course in the even semester of the 2024/2025 academic year, in amount of 28 people. The data collection instrument used was a questionnaire sheet. The data analysis used was inferential analysis. Results: the data is distributed normatively and homogeneously, the Pearson correlation coefficient value = 0.392, and the sig. value in the correlation test p = 0.039 <0.05 so that H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected. Conclusion: there is a correlation between the level of students' belief that science is related to the religion and their love for the Science and the level of correlation is positive and in Moderate category.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS Siswa Kelas V SDN 180 Bottobenteng Kabupaten Wajo Sudarto, Sudarto; Muh. Idris Jafar; Saskia Noviyanti
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): Volume 10 Nomor2, Juni 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v10i2.25190

Abstract

This study is an experimental study that aims to determine whether the use of the Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) model has an effect or not on the learning outcome of IPAS in the 5th Grade students of SDN 180 Bottobenteng. The research design used is One-Group Pretest Postest Design. The population in this study were all of the 5th Grade students of SDN 180 Bottobenteng with a sample of 17 students selected based on the saturated sample technique. The data collection technique used was a test to determine the results of the students' learning outcome of IPAS before and after using the Two Stay Two Stray model. The data analysis used was descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results: from the descriptive statistical analysis, the average pretest was of 60.00 and the average posttest was of 80.5, from the inferential analysis using the paired sample t-test with a significance level of 5%, tcount (16.11)> ttable (2.12) was obtained, which means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that the students' IPAS learning outcomes before and after using the Two Stay Two Stray model are significantly different. Conclusion: because the average of the students' learning outcomes of IPAS after using the Two Stay Two Stray model (posttest) is higher than the average of students' IPAS learning outcomes before using the Two Stay Two Stray model (pretest) and is significantly different, it can be concluded that the Two Stay Two Stray model has an effect to improving the IPAS learning outcomes of the 5th Grade of SDN 180 Bottobenteng, Wajo Regency.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT KEPERCAYAAN MAHASISWA PGSD FIP UNM KAMPUS VI BONE BAHWA IPA BERKAITAN DENGAN KEHIDUPAN SEHARI-HARI DAN TINGKAT KECINTAAN MEREKA PADA IPA Sudarto, Sudarto
Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Vol. 5 No. 1: Juni 2025
Publisher : Bajang Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui apakah kepercayaan mahasiswa PGSD FIP UNM Kampus VI Bone bahwa IPA berkaitan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari berpengaruh atau tidak berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kecintaan mereka pada IPA. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasional. Responden atau sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa PGSD FIP UNM Kampus VI Bone yang memprogram mata kuliah Konsep Dasar IPA pada semester genap tahun perkuliahan 2024/2025 yang berjumlah 28 orang (49% dari keseluruhan mahasiswa). Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah lembar angket. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis inferensial. Hasil: data tidak berdistribusi normal sehingga digunakan statistik non parametrik (korelasi Spearman) dalam uji inferensial dengan nilai koefisien korelasi Spearman = 0,776, dan nilai sig. pada uji korelasi Spearman = 0,000 < 0,05 sehingga H1 diterima dan Ho ditolak. Kesimpulan: ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kepercayaan mahasiswa PGSD FIP UNM Kampus VI Bone bahwa IPA berkaitan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari dan kecintaan mereka pada IPAdan tingkat hubungan itu berada pada kategori tinggi dan bersifat positif.
The Role of Toll-Like Receptor-2 in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Sudarto, Sudarto; Hafy, Zen; Saleh, Irsan; Liberty, Iche Andriyani; Ahmad, Zen; Lubis, Fadhyl Zuhry; Hu, Owen; Salutondok, Welly
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol 7 No 3 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v7i3.6797

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), remains a major global health burden. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), a critical component of the innate immune system, plays a key role in the host-pathogen interaction by recognizing specific components of the mycobacterial cell wall and initiating downstream inflammatory pathways. However, the dual role of TLR-2 in both protective immunity and immune evasion by M.tb contributes to the complexity of TB pathogenesis. This study aims to investigate the role of Toll-Like Receptor-2 (TLR-2) in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis, including its immunological mechanisms, relationships with disease severity, and the potential of TLR-2 as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. This literature review systematically analyzed molecular mechanisms involving TLR-2 signaling in pulmonary TB using peer-reviewed primary and secondary sources from experimental and clinical studies. Emphasis was placed on signal transduction (NF-κB and MAPK), cytokine profiles, antigen presentation, and the impact of TLR-2 gene polymorphisms on TB susceptibility. Activation of TLR-2 through ligands such as lipoproteins, lipoarabinomannan (LAM), and PE/PPE proteins initiates immune responses via MyD88-dependent pathways, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12). TLR-2 also enhances the function of macrophages and dendritic cells, promoting Th1-mediated immunity. However, chronic or excessive stimulation of TLR-2 can suppress antigen processing, promote IL-10 expression, inhibit phagolysosome fusion, and facilitate M. tb survival within host macrophages. Polymorphisms in the TLR-2 gene (e.g., rs3804099) have been associated with increased susceptibility and variable clinical outcomes in PTB. TLR-2 plays a paradoxical role in pulmonary tuberculosis by mediating both protective immunity and facilitating immune evasion by M.tb. Understanding the balance of TLR-2 signaling and genetic variation is crucial for developing immunomodulatory therapies and personalized interventions in TB management.
Co-Authors . Wachjuni A. Husnul Hatimah As. AB, Nizhamuddin Abd. Hafid Abd. Kadir Abd.Kadir Abdul Hadi Adelyanti, Martiana Adi Sulistyo Wibowo Aditya Nugraha Putra, Aditya Nugraha Adnan Adnan Afdal Afdal, Afdal Agapito Barros Agus Arifin Sentosa, Agus Arifin Agus Pramono Agus Riwanto, Agus Agus Setiono Agus Suroso Ahmad Fathir Qodri ahmad rasyid, ahmad Ahmad, Zen Ahmed Bakhit, Mohammed Elfadil Aida Kurniawati Alia Fibrianingtyas Alina, Titi Alrasyid, Muhammad Saidi Amandus Amandus, Amandus Amandus, H Amandus, H. Amandus, Hieronimus Amin Mansur, Ahmad Andhika, Yosi Andi Lisa Mulawarman Andi Nirwana Andi Perdana Gumilang Andriani, Linda Andriani, R.A. Linda Anggraeni, Ade Irma Anisa, Nurfa Anita Havyasari Anugrah , Sandy Kelvin Apriandi, Devy Widya Ardiansyah, Fakrul Ardianto Ardianto Ardinanti, Fifia Aryanto, Moko Dwi Asri, Ardison Asriadi Asriadi Astuti, Iswari Ratna Atmoko, Dwi Aulia Firman Aziz, Moh. Nurul Bardaeni, Bardaeni Bayu Firmanto Belinda, Selli Budi Prayitno Budi Utomo Budi, Komang Erru Setia Caska - Danang Try Purnomo Darwis, Nurlely Debby Handayati Harahap Dhammo, Viriya Dian Dian Didik Suprayogo Diding Rahmat Diyanto Diyanto Dodi Apriadi Donny Irawan, Donny Dwi Maryani Dwi Wahyu Pril Ranto, Dwi Wahyu Pril Dwita Setiyani Dyahtaryani, Lidia Rina E. Najmuddin, E. Najmuddin Edina, Sheilla Ariestia Ekaningtyas Widiastuti Emhasan, Ramadhan Erlanie Sufarnap Estaswara, Helpris Evi Lusiana Evi Susilawati Faqihudin, Faqihudin Farhani, Athari Fatahillah, Muhamad Arjuna Fathurrachman, Alif Fatimah Mardani Fauziah, Dwi Christina Fauziyah Amalia Masyura Filda Khoirun Nikmah Firdaus Firdaus fitriyanti fitriyanti Fransiska Fransiska Ganesa, Muh Gaol, Selamat Lumban Gita Dwi Prasasty Gultom, Potler Hafid, Abd. Handayani, Vitria Wuri Harto , Sugik Harto, Sugik Haryanto, Ronald Hasudungan Hutagalung, Henokh Hedianto, Dimas Angga Helsey, Bryan Hendrawan, Andika Luky Setiyo Hesti Putri Hesti Sadtyadi Hikmah Suciati Himam, Muhammad Hu, Owen Huang, Yi-Fen Ica, Maria Octaviana Iche Andriyani Liberty, Iche Andriyani Imran Imran Indira, Dwi Indrianto, Rachmat Indriatmoko Indriatmoko, Indriatmoko Iqbal, Fikri Nur Ira Safitri Istika Nita Jacqueline , Jacqueline Jada, Jada Jafar, Muh. Idris Jafar Jasmila Tanjung Jasmine Alieva Jati Batoro Joosten Joosten Jovanka Andina Julindra, Rimaniar Kevin Setiawan Khair, Asrar Abu Khair Khalil Jibran Kholis, Akhmad Dinul Krisnawati Krisnawati Krisologus, Petrus Kurniati Kurniati Kusrini, Kusrini Kusumaningtyas, Dyah Ika Leni, Lusia Lesmana, Handyka Prayogi Linda, Edita Lisye Tiur Simanjuntak Lorenza, Geofanny Lubis, Fadhyl Zuhry Luchman Hakim Luqmanul Hakim Lusi Suwandari Luthfi Rayes M, Andi Sanjaya M. Effendi M. Ikhsan Sukaria M. Reski Ramadhan Mahayasa, I Gde Mandana Majid, Mohammad Arif Mariana Alifah Marjianto Marjianto Maryati, Tutik Maryono, Ari Mather, Mather Matilda Munoz Maya Enderson Mei Rani Amalia Melati Julia Rahma Melati, Nimsi Miftah Farid Muh. Afri Zulfahmi Muh. Idris Jafar Muhammad Aris Ichwanto Muhammad Irsan Saleh Muhammad Muhibbuddin, Muhammad Mujahidah Mujahidah Mujahidah Mujahidah Mujiyanto Mujiyanto Mulia, Rudolf Muliadi Muliadi Muliadi Mulyadi Mulyadi Mulyadi, Yohanes Berkhmas Mulyanto Abdullah Khoir Mumang, Andi Sri Wahyuni Muslim, Daud Musmuliadi Musmuliadi Mustamir, Mustamir Muti, Fatkhatun Najmudin Nandang Bekti Karnowati Ngadat, Ngadat Ni Made Nova Indriyani Niru Anita Sinaga Novandri, Weni Noviana, Syalza Wahyu Nugroho, Agung Nurhadi, Syarif Nurul Fitri Muin Oktariana, Desi Oktoberiandi, Oktoberiandi Olang, Yusuf Olipia, Olipia Paria’ang, Kristiana Pasaribu , Jandiman Bernando Pasaribu, Rouly Pradipta Setyanto, Refius Prakoso, Fajar adi Pramudaya, Vincentius Prasetya, Novandi Rizky Priscilla Kapoor Puteri, Irene Mardian Putra Pratama Putra, Agung Pratama Putra, Alfarrij Langgeng Pratama Wahyu Putri Nurhalizah Putri, Didha Andini Qamala, Nurul Rabiatul Adawiyah, Wiwiek Raden Mohamad Herdian Bhakti Rahardjo, Poetoet Sri Rahayu Rahayu Rahayu, Halina Rahmad Setyoko Rahman Oktaviansyah, Aulia Ramadhan, Shendy Rangkuti, Winnellia Fridina Sandy Rangkuti, Winnellia Fridinasandy Rara Amalia Cendhayanie Ratna Maila Dewi Anggraini Respati, Kurnia Indah Revani Hardika, Revani Rifai, Agung Janumat Rispatiningsih, Dwi Maryani Riyanto, Jagad Slamet Rosmalah Rosmalah, Rosmalah Rosnini, Rufina Rukayah Rukayah Rukayah Rukayah Rupais, Andi RUSMIATI, NUNUNG Sadikah, Arina Afiyati Saimma, Ika Dewi Sartika Salim, Syukri Niam Salsabila, Putri Salutondok, Welly Samsudin Samsudin Santhi, Puja Adithia Sarah Armalia Saskia Noviyanti Sassi, Komarudin Satriani Satriani Satrio, Bagus Serani, Gabriel Setiawan, Tommy Setyanto, Refius Pradipta Setyoraharjo, Tuhu Shabir, Achmad Shadikah, Arina Afiyati Sidharta, Marga Virya Sidharta, Saddhiviharika Arya Sidrah Afriani Rachman, Sidrah Afriani Sihaloho, Hasiholan Silalahi, Riamsah Simanjuntak, Dahlan Sinta Pusvita Sari Siswoyo, Eko Sitanggang, Tikkos Siti Qomariyah Sitorus, Albert Fernando Sitti Jauhar Sitti Jauhar, Sitti Sitti Rahmi Situmorang, Hotjen Edison Sofiana, Ayu Ismoyo Sri Astuti Sri Wahyuningsih Subowo, Raden Sudarto Sudarto Sudaryanto, Rio Sempana Andrean Sudirman Sudirman Sugiarto, Michelle Talisia Sujiono Sujiono, Sujiono Sujono , Sujono Sujono Sujono Sujono Sujono, Sujono Sukesti, Yuni Sulistyandari, Sulistyandari Suliyanto Suliyanto Sunarjo, Andreuw Suryameng, Suryameng Suryandari, Astri Suryati, Hamamah Sri Suryoprojo, Adithya Riefanto Susito, Susito Syahrul Amrullah Fattah Tamrin Tamrin Tayana, Olyvia Teguh Ariyanto Theodorus Theodorus Theresia Putri Sinaga Tombokan, Nevri Berti Tri Yuwono, Tri Triyani, Irma Triyani, Irma Triyani Ummah, Fatayah Nadhlastul Virdiyanti, Ruri Waldi, Wedri Wardana, R. Oki Ilham Wati, Indah Wayan Firdaus Mahmudy Wazier, Ronny Weni Novandari Weni, Weni Widarmanto, Nanang Widianto Widianto Widiarto, Bambang Widyarsih, Rahajeng Wijayanto, Sigit Ary Windardi, Ichsan Ahmad Wirdah, Aisyah Wiwin Maisyaroh Wulandari, Aleisha Yat Rospia Brata Yatno, Tri Yudha Alif Auliya, Yudha Alif Yulianto kusnadi Zahra, Laila Zahrah Jamilah Zain, Subhan Zaini, Sarliana Zein, Subhan Zen Hafy