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All Journal SAINS MEDIKA : JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DAN KESEHATAN Jurnal Ilmiah Telaah Manajemen Jurnal Anestesiologi Indonesia MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran (Journal of Medical Science) Jurnal INSANIA Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science Widya Wacana : Jurnal Ilmiah Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Dimas: Jurnal Pemikiran Agama untuk Pemberdayaan Physics Student Journal Rekayasa Mesin An-Nuha : Jurnal Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Budaya Dan Sosial Edu Sains: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Matematika JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA Sekolah Dasar: Kajian Teori dan Praktik Pendidikan Jurnal Pengabdian UntukMu NegeRI Universa Medicina Admisi dan Bisnis Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) Adi Widya : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat PROCEEDING ICTESS (Internasional Conference on Technology, Education and Social Sciences) JTM-ITI (Jurnal Teknik Mesin ITI) Herb-Medicine Journal Mesin THABIEA (JOURNAL OF NATURAL SCIENCE TEACHING) JPT : JURNAL PROTEKSI TANAMAN (JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION) Martabe : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Surya Masyarakat NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Gelar : Jurnal Seni Budaya ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications Jurnal Biotek Jurnal Teknologi Terapan Jurnal Pariwisata Terapan Sapientia Et Virtus BERNAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat JURNAL PENDIDIKAN, SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI Jurnal Surya Masyarakat Indonesia Berdaya Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting (DIJEFA) Jurnal Pendidikan Muttaqien; Indonesian Journal of Multidiciplinary Islamic Studies International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications (MECHTA) Jurnal Mesin Nusantara International Journal of Educational Research and Social Sciences (IJERSC) Narra J Action Research Literate (ARL) Muẚṣarah: Jurnal Kajian Islam Kontemporer Automotive Experiences COMSERVA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Abdi-Dharma International Journal of Islamic Business and Management Review Fikrah: Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah dan Studi Keagamaan Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities, and Renewable Energy International Journal of Science and Environment Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat METHABDI TAJDID: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Science Contribution to Society Journal GENIUS: Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Education Harmoni Sosial : Jurnal Pengabdian Dan Solidaritas Masyarakat Jurnal Social Society Ophthalmologica Indonesiana Kontemplasi : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin Studi Multidisipliner: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman Jurnal ARSI : Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia Recent in Engineering Science and Technology International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science Seminar Nasional Riset dan Teknologi (SEMNAS RISTEK) Jurnal Manajemen Dakwah Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA
Winarto Winarto
Department Of Ophthalmology, Faculty Of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Central Java
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MODEL PENINGKATAN KINERJA PENJUALAN MELALUI INTERPERSONAL SKILLS, SALESMANSHIP SKILLS DAN TECHNICAL SKILLS SALESPERSON Winarto, Winarto
Admisi dan Bisnis Vol 19, No 2 (2018): JUNI 2018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (592.088 KB) | DOI: 10.32497/ab.v19i2.1273

Abstract

Sales performance has significant role toward marketing performance of a company. Sales performance is constitutedfrom the resultan of salesperson performance in a company. The purpose of this research is to build sales management  model in order to increase sales perfomance  through promoting interpersonal skills, salesmanship  and technical skills of salesperson. Questionnaire is used for collecting data from the salesperson. Multiple linier regression is used to analyze data. The results of this reseach show that interpersonal skills, salesmanships skills and technical skills of salesperson have positive impact toward sales perfomance. Thus, the sales management model is properly  implemented by a company.
SASTRA LESAN “SENI KENTRUNG”SEBAGAI MEDIA MENDONGENG UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER ANAK SD Winarto, Winarto
Widya Wacana: Jurnal Ilmiah Vol 15, No 2 (2020): Agustus : Jurnal Widya Wacana
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SLAMET RIYADI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33061/j.w.wacana.v15i2.4031

Abstract

Kentrung art is a form of tembang in the form of lesan literature and is often used by the people of Blora Regency, in celebratory entertainment programs in the form of fairy tales or telling historical events, using flying music or tambourines played by 1 person, which is called dhalang Kentrung. The story in the Tayub show is told using kentrung media, namely singing the tembang alternately with fluency while playing the trebang and also with a variety of dance movements. Kentrung art can be used as a medium for storytelling so that it can be applied in order to educate the character of elementary school children. This research uses literature study methods and data techniques by conducting a study review of books, literature, notes, and reports that exist in problem solving. Lesan Kentrung literature, with the method of storytelling, through song lyrics can be done to elementary school students, by delivering material. Learning like this turns out to give results that can be fun and easy to memorize and follow than before with conventional methods. The final conclusion of the lesson, Sastra lesan elementary school children, are very effective and interested in students.Keywords : Kentrung, Fairy Tales, Characters ABSTRAKSeni Kentrung merupakan bentuk tembang yang berupa sastra lesan dan sering digunakan masyarakat Kabupaten Blora, dalam acara hiburan hajatan yang berupa Dongeng atau menceritakan peristiwa sejarah, dengan menggunakan musik terbang atau rebana yang di mainkan oleh 1 orang, yang dinamakan dhalang Kentrung. Cerita  dalam pertunjukan Tayub dikisahkan menggunakan media Kentrung yaitu melantunkan tembang berselang-seling dengan gancaran sambil memainkan trebang dan juga dengan variasi gerak-gerak tari. Seni Kentrung dapat digunakan sebagai media mendongeng sehingga bisa diterapkan dalam rangka mendidik karakter anak Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi Pustaka teknik pengumpulan data dengan mengadakan studi penelaahan terhadap buku-buku, litertur-literatur, catatan-catatan, dan laporanlaporan yang ada hubungannya dengan masalah yang dipecahkan. Sastra Lesan Kentrung,dengan metode mendongeng ,lewat syair tembang bisa dilakukan pada siswa Sekolah Dasar, dengan menyampaikan materi pelajaran. Pembelajaran seperti ini ternyata memberikan hasil yang bisa di senangi dan mudah di hafal dan di ikuti dari sebelumnya dengan metode yg konvensional. Kesimpulan akhir dari pembelajaran, Sastra lesan bagi anak SD ini, sangat efektif dan di minati  Siswa. Kata Kunci : Kentrung, Dongeng,  Karakter
OPTIMALISASI PERAN GURU DALAM MENDIDIK KARAKTER SISWA MELALUI MEDIA TEMBANG MACAPAT PANGKUR PUPUH 3SERAT WEDHATAMA Winarto, Winarto; Sarafuddin, Sarafuddin; Devika, BelaVista Dian
ADI WIDYA : JURNAL PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT Vol 5, No 1 (2021): ADIWIDYA
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33061/awpm.v5i1.4551

Abstract

This community service aims to (1) instill self-confidence to grow development and introduce children to the basic schools to love more and more ancestral culture based on local wisdom; (2) Promote a sense of trust with mental education with good character, based on the development guidelines of Pangkur Pupuh 3Serhatama Fiber, and (3) Fostering a smart and quality society, through basic education that has the spirit of Pancasila. The method of implementation used in this service with learning and training socialization papers. The population of this study were 20 teachers, prospective teachers and students of SDN 3 Suruh. The result of this community service is that the teacher can understand the songs and practice the PangkurPupuh 3SeratWedhatama song. Thus, the method of learning through training and socialization is more effective in making teachers, prospective teachers and students understand the philosophy of Armageddon 3Swedhatama fiber.
THE PRANATA MANGSA IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF AN ETHNOSCIENCE APPROACH AS NATURAL SCIENCE TEACHING MATERIALS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS Habibillah, Nanda Kholifatu Nur; Winarto, Winarto; Wicaksono, Anggit Grahito
PROCEEDING ICTESS (Internasional Conference on Technology, Education and Social Sciences) 2020: PROCEEDINGS ICTESS
Publisher : PROCEEDING ICTESS (Internasional Conference on Technology, Education and Social Sciences)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Javanese people have a close attachment to nature and the environment. One of the local wisdom related to nature that is still used by the Javanese is the pranata mangsa. The pranata mangsa is an indigenous science which can be seen through the perspective of the ethnoscience approach. This research aims (1) to examine the pranata mangsa from the perspective of an ethnoscience approach and (2) to examine the use of the pranata mangsa as teaching materials for science in elementary schools. This research uses a qualitative approach that is library research. Data collection techniques using documentation. The analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative. The results of this research indicate that (1) the pranata mangsa in the perspective of ethnoscience approach is a Javanese calendar system that can combine events between sky and earth by revealing the behavior of flora and fauna in Java and soil characteristics that are affected by temperature changes and (2) the use of the pranata mangsa as a science teaching material in elementary schools can be a learning innovation based on local wisdom that can provide knowledge to students about the phenomena and symptoms of science in a contextual and modern manner related to environmental management, natural resource conservation, environmental pollution, and ecosystems. Keywords: Ethnoscience, Local Wisdom, Natural Science Teaching Materials, Pranata Mangsa
Pengaruh Kedalaman Sudu Mangkok terhadap Unjuk Kerja Turbin Kinetik Fitriansyah, Erwin; Wahyudi, Slamet; Winarto, Winarto
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol 11, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jrm.2020.011.03.3

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of depth variations of the bowl blade on the performance of kinetic turbines. The test has conducted experimentally on a laboratory scale. In this study three vertical shaft, kinetic turbines were used with blade depth variations of 2 cm, 3 cm, and 4 cm. Each turbine will be tested on different rotation variations and flowrate variations. Parameters such as turbine power and efficiency will be determined based on the results of measurements of water velocity, water level, and braking load. The results showed that the depth of the bowl blade affected the performance of the kinetic turbine. The highest kinetic turbine performance was obtained in the turbine with 4 cm blade depth variation, followed by the turbine with 3 cm blade depth variation and the lowest turbine performance was obtained at 2 cm blade depth variation. The maximum performance of the turbine is obtained at 4 cm blade depth variation at 80 rpm and 65 m3/h water discharge, where the power generated is 13.2 Watts and efficiency is 34.5%.
SASTRA LESAN “SENI KENTRUNG”SEBAGAI MEDIA MENDONGENG UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER ANAK SD Winarto, Winarto
Widya Wacana: Jurnal Ilmiah Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020): Agustus : Jurnal Widya Wacana
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SLAMET RIYADI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33061/j.w.wacana.v15i2.4031

Abstract

Kentrung art is a form of tembang in the form of lesan literature and is often used by the people of Blora Regency, in celebratory entertainment programs in the form of fairy tales or telling historical events, using flying music or tambourines played by 1 person, which is called dhalang Kentrung. The story in the Tayub show is told using kentrung media, namely singing the tembang alternately with fluency while playing the trebang and also with a variety of dance movements. Kentrung art can be used as a medium for storytelling so that it can be applied in order to educate the character of elementary school children. This research uses literature study methods and data techniques by conducting a study review of books, literature, notes, and reports that exist in problem solving. Lesan Kentrung literature, with the method of storytelling, through song lyrics can be done to elementary school students, by delivering material. Learning like this turns out to give results that can be fun and easy to memorize and follow than before with conventional methods. The final conclusion of the lesson, Sastra lesan elementary school children, are very effective and interested in students.Keywords : Kentrung, Fairy Tales, Characters ABSTRAKSeni Kentrung merupakan bentuk tembang yang berupa sastra lesan dan sering digunakan masyarakat Kabupaten Blora, dalam acara hiburan hajatan yang berupa Dongeng atau menceritakan peristiwa sejarah, dengan menggunakan musik terbang atau rebana yang di mainkan oleh 1 orang, yang dinamakan dhalang Kentrung. Cerita  dalam pertunjukan Tayub dikisahkan menggunakan media Kentrung yaitu melantunkan tembang berselang-seling dengan gancaran sambil memainkan trebang dan juga dengan variasi gerak-gerak tari. Seni Kentrung dapat digunakan sebagai media mendongeng sehingga bisa diterapkan dalam rangka mendidik karakter anak Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi Pustaka teknik pengumpulan data dengan mengadakan studi penelaahan terhadap buku-buku, litertur-literatur, catatan-catatan, dan laporanlaporan yang ada hubungannya dengan masalah yang dipecahkan. Sastra Lesan Kentrung,dengan metode mendongeng ,lewat syair tembang bisa dilakukan pada siswa Sekolah Dasar, dengan menyampaikan materi pelajaran. Pembelajaran seperti ini ternyata memberikan hasil yang bisa di senangi dan mudah di hafal dan di ikuti dari sebelumnya dengan metode yg konvensional. Kesimpulan akhir dari pembelajaran, Sastra lesan bagi anak SD ini, sangat efektif dan di minati  Siswa. Kata Kunci : Kentrung, Dongeng,  Karakter
Perbandingan Sekresi IL-10 di Jaringan Sekitar Luka Insisi Dengan dan Tanpa Infiltrasi Levobupivakain : Studi Imunohistokimia pada Tikus Wistar Winarto Winarto; Uripno Budiono; Mohamad Sofyan Harahap
JAI (Jurnal Anestesiologi Indonesia) Vol 1, No 1 (2009): Jurnal Anestesiologi Indonesia
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (461.216 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jai.v1i1.6022

Abstract

Latar belakang: Nyeri menyebabkan peningkatan hormon glukokortikoid yang memperlama penyembuhan luka. Transmisi nyeri dapat dihambat dengan obat anestesi lokal levobupivakain. Terapi ini akan mengurangi supresi imunitas seluler sehingga fungsi makrofag dalam membantu aktifasi sel T tidak terhambat. Aktifasi sel T ini diduga akan meningkatkan sekresi IL-10.Tujuan: Membandingkan sekresi IL-10 di jaringan sekitar luka dengan dan tanpa infiltrasi levobupivakain.Metode: Eksperimental laboratorik dengan desain Randomized Post test only control group design, pada tiga puluh lima ekor tikus Wistar. Kelompok penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok secara acak, Kelompok Kontrol (K) 5 ekor, Perlakuan 1 (P1) dan Perlakuan 2 (P2) masing -masing lima belas ekor. Kelompok Kontrol, tikus tanpa insisi dan tanpa infiltrasi. Kelompok P1, tikus yang dilakukan insisi 2 cm, tanpa diberikan infiltrasi levobupivakain. Kelompok P2, tikus yang dilakukan insisi 2 cm, diberikan infiltrasi levobupivakain tiap 8 jam selama 24 jam. Ekspresi IL -10 di sekitar luka insisi dinilai dengan skor histologi dari preparat dengan menggunakan pengecatan imunohistokimia, yang diambil dari biopsi jaringan pada hari ke 1, 2, dan 3. Metode perhitungan statistik menggunakan Kruskal Wallis Test dilanjutkan Mann Whitney Test.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada jaringan insisi rerata skor histologi IL -10 pada kelompok levobupivakain lebih tinggi (5.36 ± 1.25) dibanding kelompok tanpa levobupivakain (3.00 ± 2.11) pada hari ke dua. Perhitungan statistik antara kedua kelompok tanpa levobupivakain dan dengan kelompok levobupivakain berbeda bermakna (p=0,023 ; p<0,05).Kesimpulan: Sekresi IL-10 di jaringan sekitar luka dengan infiltrasi levobupivakain lebih tinggi dibanding tanpa levobupivakain.
Penentuan LD50 Penyakit Infeksi Toxoplasma gondii pada Mencit balb/c Winarto Winarto
MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA 2009:MMI VOLUME 43 ISSUE 4 YEAR 2009
Publisher : MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (222.643 KB)

Abstract

LD50 determination in toxoplasma gondii infection in balb/c miceBackground: LD50 is a marker of virulence which is reflects degree of microorganism pathogenicity. LD50 of every pathogens to be used should be determined in order to choose an appropiate infective dose of agent under the study. Toxoplasma gondii RH strain has been maintained in the laboratory by serial passage in mice for several years, in which the biologic and laboratory conditions might has an effect on its virulence. The objective of this study was to determine LD50 of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain used for research in Biotechnology Laboratory Gajah Mada University.Methods: The design of the study was true experiment consisting three goups of 10 female balb/c mice aged 8–10 weeks that were infected with 101, 103 and 106 of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain/mice respectively, and being followed up to day 18. Homogeneity of mice before infection were analyzed by Levence statistic, while the effects of infection was analyzed by Anova. The number of dead mice in each group were recorded and LD50 was calculated base on proportional distance.Results: There was no weight difference between groups of mice before infection. The weight increased up to day 6 in group I and II, while group III after day 3 there was weight decrease. LD50 of Toxoplasma gondii was 1.39x103 which belonged to genotype II of pathogenicity classification.Conclusions: LD50 of Toxoplasma gondii was 1.39x103 which is lower than the original RH strain, and belonged to group II of genotype, which is often reported as the major cause of human and animal infections.Keywords: LD50, Toxoplasma gondii, balb/c mice, infection. ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Toxoplasma gondii di laboratorium dipelihara dengan cara pasase dari satu mencit ke mencit berikutnya, yang mungkin berpengaruh terhadap virulensinya. LD50 adalah ukuran virulensi suatu mikroorganisme penyebab infeksi, yang harus diketahui apabila akan melakukan penelitian tentang fenomena infeksi pada binatang coba. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan besar LD50 Toxoplasma gondii strain RH yang disimpan dan digunakan untuk penelitian di Laboratorium Bioteknologi UGM yang belum pernah ditentukan nilai LD50nya.Metode: Disain penelitian adalah eksperimental murni. Tiga kelompok mencit balb/c usia 6–8 minggu masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 10 mencit, diinfeksi Toxoplasma gondii strain RH secara berturut-turut tiap kelompok diinfeksi dengan 101, 103 dan 106 toksoplasma/mencit, yang diamati sampai hari ke-18. Sebelum perlakuan ketiga kelompok dilakukan tes homogenitas berat badan mencit dengan statistik Levene. Efek infeksi toksoplasma dianalisis dengan Anova, sedangkan LD50 dihitung berdasarkan jarak proporsi.Hasil: Sebelum diinfeksi Toxoplasma gondii, tidak terdapat perbedaan berat badan mencit pada 3 kelompok. Setelah diinfeksi toksoplasma sampai hari ke-6, berat badan mencit pada kelompok I dan II naik, sedangkan kelompok III pada hari ke-1 sampai hari ke-3 beratnya naik, kemudian setelah hari ke-3 beratnya turun. LD50 Toxoplasma gondii strain RH di PAU Bioteknologi UGM didapatkan sebesar 1,39x103 yang sesuai dengan genotipe II.Simpulan: LD50 Toxoplasma gondii sebesar 1,39x103 lebih rendah dari strain RH yang sebenarnya dan termasuk genotipe II yaitu yang paling sering dilaporkan sebagai penyebab infeksi pada manusia dan binatang.
Mangosteen peel extract reduces formalin-induced liver cell death in rats Afiana Rohmani; Sarjadi Sarjadi; Winarto Winarto; Kisdjamiatun Kisdjamiatun
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.109-117

Abstract

BACKGROUNDFormalin is a xenobiotic that is now commonly used as a preservative in the food industry. The liver is an organ that has the highest metabolic capacity as compared to other organs. Mangosteen or Garcinia mangostana Linn (GML) peel contains xanthones, which are a source of natural antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mangosteen peel extract on formalin- induced liver cell mortality rate and p53 protein expression in Wistar rats.METHODSEighteen rats received formalin orally for 2 weeks, and were subsequently divided into 3 groups, consisting of the formalin-control group receiving a placebo and treatment groups 1 and 2, which were treated with mangosteen peel extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kgBW/day, respectively. The treatment was carried out for 1 week, and finally the rats were terminated. The differences in liver cell mortality rate and p53 protein expression were analyzed.RESULTSOne-way ANOVA analysis showed significant differences in liver cell mortality rate among the three groups (p=0.004). The liver cell mortality rate in the treatment group receiving 400 mg/kgBW/day extract was lower than that in the formalin- control group. There was no p53 expression in all groups.CONCLUSIONSGarcinia mangostana Linn peel extract reduced the mortality rate of liver cells in rats receiving oral formalin. Involvement of p53 expression in liver cell mortality in rats exposed to oral formalin is presumably negligible.
Lung Tuberculosis with Multi Drug Resistant Risk in Tertiary Hospital in Middle Java Ratna Wulan Febriyanti; Winarto Winarto; Mujahidah Mujahidah; Endang Sri Lestari; Purnomo Hadi; Vincentia Rizke Ciptaningtyas
Herb-Medicine Journal: Terbitan Berkala Ilmiah Herbal, Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 4, No 2 (2021): Herb-Medicine Journal April 2021
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30595/hmj.v4i2.10352

Abstract

World TB report from World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017 informed that Indonesia was second country with TB case. Multi Drug Resistance pulmonary infection’s case in Indonesia were 12.000. Kariadi hospital is one of tertiary hospital for pulmonary MDR-TB treatment but, there is no study about risk factor of it yet, so it needed to find risk factors of MDR-TB pulmonary infection in Kariadi hospital. Cross Sectional design using secondary data from Medical Record  from January 1st -  December 31, 2017 with result of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on GeneXpert sputum examination. Bivariate analysis with Chi square test and multivariate analysis was done by multiple logistic regression. The p value was considered significant if <0.05, all analyzes were 2-tailed. Totally 110 patients were obtained during periode, 55 samples for case and 55 samples for control. There were correlation between smoking habit OR = 3,1 (CI 95% 1,1-8,7), malnutrition OR = 2,9 (CI 95% 1,3-6,3), contact with patient with MDR pulmonary TB infection OR = 12,0 (CI 95% 1,5-97,3), past treatment  OR = 81,7(CI 95% 23,4-285,2) and ≥6months past treatment OR = 94,5 (CI 95% 12,1-736,2. Risk factor that could influence together were contact with patient with MDR pulmonary TB infection OR = 34,5 (CI 95% 2,6-464,5), past treatment OR = 39,4 (CI 95% 8,3-186,3) and ≥ 6months past treatment OR = 12,4 (CI 95% 1,3-117,7). Risk factors for the incidence of pulmonary MDR TB infection are past contact with patient with MDR pulmonary TB infection, past treatment  and  ≥ 6months past treatment.
Co-Authors . Reflinaldon A. G, Moh. Excel AA Sudharmawan, AA abdurrouf Abdurrouf Aditama, Hanna Shafira Afiana Rohmani Agus Haryono Aji Pamungkas Al Banin, Qori Alfi, Zuhana Realita Alfirdaus, Rasya' Alfriyani, Dhelfi Alva Amru Sofian Ananda, Farhan Anggit Grahito Wicaksono Anindito Purnowidodo Annaas Budi Setyawan Antari, Arlita Leniseptaria Aprina, Fenty Ardiyansyah, Aqib Arfianti Arfianti Ario Sunar Baskoro Aristotika, Addin Arsyad, Muhammad Muqtadho Artanto, Ardi Aryadi Suwono asmara, iman Nugraha Asmawi Aulia Rahman Azizah Azizah Badri, Putri Rizki Amalia Barus, Nia Karmelia Boediningsih, Widyawati Br Lumban Gaol, Anjani Br. Saragih, Rintan Butar-Butar, Hotlan Ceacilia Srimindarti Christina Indrajati Cristian, Lianawati D. J. Djoko Herry Santjojo Daito, Apollo Dapa Pirdos, Gilang Darmawi . Darmawi Darmawi Darnetty, Darnetty Dedi Supriadi Defi Pramesti Devika, BelaVista Dian Dewin Purnama Dika Vivi Widyanti Dinayah, Saffana Zahro Eddy S Siradj Eddy Widiyono Ediati Sasmito Eko Siswanto Eksa Rusdiyana, Eksa Elda Nazriati Elperida J. Sinurat Elperida Sinurat, Elperida Endang Sri Lestari Endang Sri Lestari Endang Susilaningsih Fajar Akbar FARADILLA, FARADILLA Fauzan Hasbi Aqil Fernando, Edith Fine Reffiane Firdaus Firdaus Firdaus Fitriansyah, Erwin Fitriyana, Nazwa Aulia Guntur Setiawan, Guntur Habibillah, Nanda Kholifatu Nur Haliatur Rahma, Haliatur Hamidy, Muhammad Y. Haryanto, Andra Yudistira Hasmiandy Hamid Hendri Budi Santoso Hermawan, Muhammad Vendy Hindami, Fahrizan Imam Holili, Holili Huriatul Masdar Hutabarat, Jansen Iban, Carlos Imam Khoirul Rohmat ING Wardana Insih Wilujeng Irham, Lalu M. Irmade, Oka Ismadi, Sabandi Isnaini Nurkhayanti Ivana Tanoko Jati Nugroho JHELANG ANNOVASHO Jon Henri Purba, Jon Henri Junika Napitupulu Juremi, Nabila Sukma Kamid, Abdul Khatimah, Khusnul Kis Djamitun Kisdjamiatun Kisdjamiatun Kojin, Kojin Kristyaningrum, Dwi Hesti Kristyaningrum, Dwi Hesty kusrini, Desi Kusumastuti , Rizky Laifa Rahmawati, Laifa Lalu Muhammad Irham Lathif, Yuniar Fahmi Layyinatus Shifa, Layyinatus Liani, Ica April Lilis Yuliati Listiawan, Listiawan Liswarni, Yenny Liza Rusdiyana Lobes Herdiman M. Yunus Malik, Ricat Hinaywan Maludin Panjaitan Mangasa Panjaitan, Mangasa Marbun, Sondang N. B. Martinus Adi Anggoro, Martinus Adi Matlawi, Adika Arifin Matsuani, Matsuani Mayasari, Ni Made Elva Melianna, Saur Mislan Sihite, Mislan Moch. Agus Choiron Moch. Munir, Layyin Mahfiana I Nyoman Nurjaya Mochammad Khoirul Rosidin Moeis, Edya moelia Mohamad Sofyan Harahap Mohammad Sodiq, Mohammad Mubarok, Muhammad Nanang Muhamad Syafiq Muhammad Anis, Muhammad Muhammad Yulis Hamidy Mujahidah Mujahidah Munzir Busniah Murniyati, Murniyati Nadapdap, Kristanty M. N. Nadrah, Yatim Md Nahar, Achmad Wildan Khoerun Nanik Marfuati Nathania, Auren Nik Haryanti Nofrijon Sofyan, Nofrijon Norma D. Handojo Nugroho, Trilaksana Nugroho, Vincentius Tangguh Atyanto Oktavia, Elisa Panggabean, Toman Purnomo Hadi Putra Ananda Setiawan, Davis Putra, Jogi Aprihan PUTRI WULANDARI Putri, Wahyuni Eka Putut Marwoto Rahmi, Fifin L Rajagukguk, Roy Jhons Suyanto Rakhmasari Y.A Ramadhan, Ardi Randi Adzin Murdiantoro Rangkuti, Ina F. Rasmulia Sembiring Rasydianah, Rasydianah Ratna Wulan Febriyanti Razali, Renardy Reza Rebriarina Hapsari Retnoningsih, Diyah Ayu Reza Satrio Rihadatul Aisy, Nada Riki Sukiandra Rina Rahayu, Rina Risdiansyah Risdiansyah Risdiantoro, Rindra Riski Prihatningtias, Riski Riva Ismawati, Riva Rivai Wardhani Robinhot Gultom, Robinhot Rr. Poppy Puspitasari Rupajati, Pathya Rusdi Rusli, Rusdi Rusmulyanti, Ayu Putri S, Donel Sa'diyah, Dewi Fitrotus Sabar Nurohman Salsabila Zahra, Salsabila Santiani Santiani Sarafuddin, Sarafuddin Sarjadi Sarjadi Sarjadi Sarjadi Sarwi - Selamat Budijitno Selamat Siregar Shuhada, Ahmad Sianturi, Jeudi A. T. P. Sianturi, Jeudi A.T.P. Sifa, Layyinatus Silalahi, Sahat P. Remus Simamora, Kiki Fajrina Siswanto , Eko Siti Normi, Siti Siti Nurlatifah, Siti Siti Sundari Siti Sundari Slamet Wahyudi Soelistiyowati, Endang Sonny, Sonny Soraya Soraya Sri Inakawati Sri Jumini Suci Widiantoro, Panca Suhandri, Wiwin Sukarni Sukarni Sulyanti, Eri Supriyono Supriyono Suyitno Suyitno Syachrofi, Muhammad Syahputra, Muhammad Ghaza Tandian, Nathanael P Tarigan, Krisan Aprilla Br Tarigan, Sri Hulina Taufiq Khoirurrohman Taufiq, Thiyas Tono Tiur Rajagukguk, Tiur Tri Nur Kristina Trismal, Okiel Trisnawarman, Trisnawarman Trizelia . Udadi Sadhana, Udadi Ulhak, Romi Dhia Umar, Erfiana Uripno Budiono V. Rizke Ciptaningtyas Wati, Rita Fajar Wawaysadhya Agastya Wirawan Adikusuma Wiwit Ade Fidiawati Yaherwandi Yan Wisnu Prajoko Yordan, Adam Yudhistira, Yusuf Yudiantoro, Ismanu Yudistira, Yusuf Yuhandri, Toni Yulianti , Lilis Yulmira Yanti Yunisman, Yunisman Yusman Wiyatmo Yusufi, Adnan Zahra, Leina Putri Zahria, Linta Zahro, Umi Chabibatus Zaidah Nur Rosidah Zainul Ikwan, Muh. Zulfa Atabaki, Zulfa