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All Journal Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan Jurnal Ilmu Dasar Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa (JPPK) Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi dan Humaniora Jurnal Teknik Jurnal Pelita Pendidikan Biologi Edukasi : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Journal of Tropical Soils Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia JURNAL EVALUASI PENDIDIKAN Prosiding Teknologi Pendidikan Bioedukasi: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Prosiding Ilmu Pendidikan Celt: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching & Literature Edu Sains: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Matematika Enthalpy : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Teknik Mesin Bhineka Tunggal Ika: Kajian Teori dan Praktik Pendidikan PKN BIOMA Al-Ibrah : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Keilmuan Islam International Journal of Science and Applied Science: Conference Series Jurnal Pendidikan Informatika dan Sains Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) Wacana Akademika : Majalah Ilmiah Kependidikan Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) JURNAL KONSELING GUSJIGANG DWIJA CENDEKIA: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik Jurnal IPA Terpadu Jurnal Bidang Pendidikan Dasar Biosfer: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Jurnal Biologi Tropis Visipena PENDIPA Journal of Science Education SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Jurnal Agrotek Tropika Assimilation: Indonesian Journal of Biology Education International Journal of Pedagogy and Teacher Education Bioedukasi: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi KLOROFIL: Jurnal Ilmu Biologi dan Terapan Etika Demokrasi Educate : Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan Indonesian Journal of Biology Education Journal on Education JETL (Journal Of Education, Teaching and Learning) Khatulistiwa: Journal of Islamic Studies JTP - Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan JPBIO (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi) Journal of Civic Education EDUKATIF : JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN GERVASI: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Biotek SAP (Susunan Artikel Pendidikan) Jurnal Pengabdian Dharma Laksana JIKAP PGSD: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kependidikan JURNAL BIOEDUCATION Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Pendidikan JURNAL PUSTAKA KOMUNIKASI Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA Abdimas Galuh: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat JIIP (Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan) Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Reswara: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Scientia SPEKTA (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat : Teknologi dan Aplikasi) Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) Journal of Educational Review and Research IJPD (International Journal Of Public Devotion) Jurnal Cahaya Mandalika KLOROFIL: Jurnal Ilmu Biologi dan Terapan Jurnal Kewarganegaraan Jurnal Borneo Akcaya : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Publik Edumedia: Jurnal Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi JPKM (JURNAL PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT) UNTAN Nusantara Hasana Journal Journal of Information System and Technology (JOINT) Cendikia : Media Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jurnal Penelitian Sains dan Pendidikan (JPSP) Journal of Education Research Jurnal Kajian Pembelajaran dan Keilmuan Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (JPKM) Langit Biru Jurnal Pijar MIPA JURNAL TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI & KOMUNIKASI DALAM PENDIDIKAN Jurnal Ilmiah AgriSains Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sisfotek (Sistem Informasi dan Teknologi Informasi) Tanfidziya: Journal of Arabic Education Al Jahiz: Journal of Biology Education Research SYAMIL: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM (JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION) Journal of Educational Sciences Lambda: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan MIPA dan Aplikasinya QISTINA: Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia International Journal of Religion Education and Law Aurelia: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia Jurnal Pendidikan Amartha Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Asia Pacific Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (APJSAFE) JS (Jurnal Sekolah) Indonesian Journal of Education Research (IJoER) Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Science Education) Jurnal Konseling Pendidikan Islam Journal Creativity Molang: Journal Islamic Education Jurnal Pengabdian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung AGROTEKBIS: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Biodik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Maharot : Journal of Islamic Education Journal of Islamic Elementary Education Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif Molang: Journal Islamic Education Jurnal Ngejha Al-Irfan: Journal Of Arabic Literature and Islamic Studies IJIS Edu : Indonesian Journal of Integrated Science Education Senadika Bhineka Tunggal Ika: Kajian Teori dan Praktik Pendidikan PKn
Afandi Afandi
Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Tanjungpura, Kalimantan Barat
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Journal : Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif

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Development of a Multidimensional Psychometric Scale for Assessing Artificial Intelligence Dependency in Higher Education Task Completion Putri, Wicha Amalia; Aunurrahman, Aunurrahman; Karolina, Venny; Halida, Halida; Afandi, Afandi; Tazijan, Farina
Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif Vol 16, No 2 (2026): Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif
Publisher : FKIP Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jpp.v16i2.pp747-772

Abstract

Recent large-scale surveys indicate that the use of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education has become nearly ubiquitous. A survey in the United Kingdom reported that 92% of university students use generative AI tools in their studies. In contrast, a national Indonesian survey involving 1,501 respondents found that 86.21% use AI to assist with academic tasks at least once a month. Preliminary institutional data further revealed that 68.6% of students reported using AI in nearly every assignment. Such high prevalence suggests that AI use has shifted from occasional assistance to habitual reliance, raising concerns about potential dependency and reduced independent cognitive engagement. Although existing instruments, such as the Cognitive AI Dependence and Interaction Scale (CAIDS), assess attitudes and general interaction patterns toward AI, they do not specifically measure functional and cognitive dependency in academic task completion. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate an AI task completion dependency scale for university students. A psychometric scale development design was employed involving 500 students from several universities in Indonesia who reported using AI to complete academic assignments. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Rasch modeling, and differential item functioning (DIF) analysis based on gender. The findings revealed a stable three-factor structure comprising functional dependency on AI, reflective attitude, and independent use, and regulation and critical evaluation of AI, yielding a final 10-item scale. The results indicated preliminary structural support for the three-factor model, acceptable reliability, strong item functioning based on Rasch analysis, and acceptable gender invariance. Overall, the developed instrument provides a valid and reliable measure of students’ dependency on AI in academic task completion and offers a practical tool for evaluating and managing responsible AI use in higher education contexts. Keywords: academic task completion , AI dependency , indonesian students , rasch model , scale development.
Co-Authors Ade Irma Suryani Ade Mirza Adhitya Rahardhian Afrianti, Nur Afni Agresi, Embun Agung Wahyudi Agussalim Patola DM Agustian Agustian Ahmad Darlis, Ahmad Ahmad Yani T Aini, Septi Nurul Akhmad Syaifudin, Akhmad Alda Shafira Alfeus Ardiansa Manurung Ali Akrab Amalia Putri Shalihat Amanda, Dea Amrazi Zakso Andi Besse Tenriawaru Andi Besse Tenriawaru Andi Besse Tenriawaru Andi Besse Tenriawaru Andi Besse Tenriawaru Anik Roslina Rosyadi Anisyah Yuniarti Anisyah Yuniarti Anita Anita Annesta, Dinda Anwar Deli Aprilianti, Melda Ariastya, Ribkah Melia Arie Sumartini Arief Jananto Asmawati Asmawati Asriah Nurdini M. Asyrofi, Harun Atika Hufiah Aunurrahman Aunurrahman Ayu Wandira Ayuni, Nina Bagus Maulana Billah, Syarifah Zulfa Aripah Bucharie, Henrie Budi Hartono Cahya Gita Camila Citra Leonie Cut Putri Amalya Daim, Ahmad Damayanti, Elok Darmawan Darmawan Dea Fitri Natasya Dede Suratman Dedy Prasetyo Delvia Uliyanda Dewantara, Jagad Aditya Dewi Permatasari, Dewi Dewi, Elsa Nora Ariesta Diah Agustina Prihastiwi Diana Fisa Astuti Diana Marsela Diartonor, Dwi Agus Dilla Tri Aprillia Dita Ariani Dona Fitriawan Dora, Friska Dwi Cahyani Edi Susanto Efiani Efriani Efriani Efriani Efriani Efriani Efriani Efriani Efriani Ega Nur Cahya Egy Abdi Egy Abdi Eka Adha Apriliani Eka Ariyati Eka Putri, Meylisa Eka Safitri Eko Sri Wahyuni Eko Sri Wahyuni Eko Sri Wahyuni Eko Sri Wahyuni Emakulata, Maria Embun Agresi Endang Maya Pratiwi Eni Rosnija Entin Daningsih Eny Enawaty Erlina Erlina Erwina Oktavianty Fadhilah, Azfa Faizal . 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