Articles
A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO SOURCE-SINK MATCHING FOR CO2 EOR AND SEQUESTRATION
Usman;
Utomo Pratama Iskandar;
Sugihardjo;
Herru Lastiadi S
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 36 No. 1 (2013): SCOG
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS
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DOI: 10.29017/scog.36.1.3
Carbon dioxide for enhanced oil recovery (CO2 EOR) can magnify oil production substantially while aconsistent amount of the CO2 injected remains sequestrated in the reservoir, which is benefi cial for reducingthe greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. The success of CO 2 EOR sequestration depends on the proper sources-sinks integration. This paper presents a systematic approach to pairing the CO2 captured from industrialactivities with oil reservoirs in South Sumatra basin for pilot project. Inventories of CO2 sources and oilreservoirs were done through survey and data questionnaires. The process of sources-sinks matching waspreceded by scoring and ranking of sources and sinks using criteria specifi cally developed for CO2 EORand sequestration. The top candidate of CO2 sources are matched to several best sinks that correspond toadded value, timing, injectivity, containment, and proximity. Two possible scenarios emerge for the initialpilot where the CO2 will be supplied from the gas gathering station (GGS) while the H3 and F21 oil fi eldsas the sinks. The pilot is intended to facilitate further commercial deployment of CO2 EOR sequestrationin the South Sumatera basin that was confi rmed has abundant EOR and storage sinks as well as industrialCO 2 sources.
Preliminary Carbon Untilization And Storage Screening Of Oil Fields In South Sumatra Basin
Sugihardjo;
Usman;
Edward ML;
Tobing
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 35 No. 2 (2012): SCOG
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS
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DOI: 10.29017/scog.35.2.26
Carbon utilization in oil fi elds as EOR project has becomes main issue nowdays. Therefore preliminary CO2-EOR screening has been done for the oil fi elds laid on South Sumatra Basin, where CO2 emission arise from a number different sources of activities in South Sumatra area. Around 103 oil fi elds and consisting 581 reservoirs have been analysis to select which of those fi elds fulfi ll CO2 injection criteria. The criteria applied of the selection are based on EOR Screening Criteria Revisited papers introducing by J.J Taber at. All. 1977. The results of the screening are categorized as miscible, immiscible and failed for CO2 injection. Afterward, CO2 storage and incremental oil recovery due to CO2 injection were calculated using equation normally used in the oil industries. The incremental oil recovery due to CO2-EOR has been assumed as high as 12% of OOIP at miscible process and only 5% for immiscible displacement. The calculation of CO2 storage is based on the ultimate primary recovery for each fi eld in addition of the additional recovery due to CO2-EOR. Both primary and tertiary recovery have been used as the basic of calculating the CO2 storage. The results of the screening whether reservoir categories in immiscible, miscible injection and failed to fulfi ll EOR-CO2 injection criteria can be summarized as follow: 18 fi elds immiscible, 77 miscible, and 7 failed. Total incremental oil recovery estimate from CO2-EOR is approximately 480.5 MMSTB. While the total CO2 storages estimate are about 70 MMton for voidage replacement due to production at ultimate recovery and 22 MMton at EOR-recovery, so the total CO2 storage is approximately 92 MMton.
INVESTIGATION OF THE RISKS OF INTRODUCING PRODUCED WATER INTO FRESHWATER INJECTION SYSTEM
Usman
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 38 No. 1 (2015): SCOG
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS
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DOI: 10.29017/scog.38.1.235
Mixing of waters from different sources may exacerbate the risk of formation damage and can impact on oil recovery. A case study is presented to demonstrate how to assess these risks. The study relies on laboratory-based work. Appropriate materials, methods, and procedures to assure the quality of test data and derive technically valid risks potential interpretations are discussed. The risks for potential plugging, scaling, permeability reduction, and oil recovery loss caused by introducing produced water are identified. Plugging is caused by bacterial growth and solid particles present in produced water. Bacterial growth is categorized as high. Solids Concentration is also high with its mean diameter larger than the non-damaging particle size. The CaCO3 scale is likely at reservoir temperature due to high concentration of HCO-3 in the produced water. Mixing of untreated produced water and treated freshwater caused signifi- cantly reduction in permeability. For the 25% PW and 75% FW mix, the permeability decreases by about 80% of its initial permeability. Adding 2000 ppm of biocide and fi ltered using 11 micron filter paper improved the quality of produced water. For the same mixing fraction, the permeability decreases only 47%. Analysis of pore throat size in conjunction with particle size of water samples suggests the need for using a fi lter less than 11 micron to avoid permeability decline imposed by solid particles. Waterflood experiments showed an ultimate recovery factor of 46.1% of original oil in place obtained from freshwater injection. Introducing 50% of produced water caused an oil recovery loss of 16% compared to freshwater injection alone. This lost oil recovery represents a quantitative effect of formation damage on oil production and may be valuable from the economic viewpoint.
PEPTIDE SURFACTANT FOR EOR APPLICATION
Usman
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 38 No. 2 (2015): SCOG
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS
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DOI: 10.29017/scog.38.2.241
Motivated by recent advances on the peptides surfactants that capable of forming emulsion stabilization by lowering the interfacial tension, an extensive set of tests were carried out to further investigate the applicability of peptide molecules for enhanced oil recovery application. A designed peptide surfactant using protein biotechnology approach was laboratory tested at three samples representing the different oil characteristics, water formation, and reservoir rock. The best performance of peptide surfactant obtained is of sample A. Peptide surfactant is able to form microemulsion Type III at pH 11. It can lower the interfacial tension value until the range of 10-2 dyne/cm at 25°C, even though itsn’t reached the desired target yet which is 10-3 dyne/cm or even less. It can also change rock wettability from water wet into strong water wet. Sample A has relatively short hydrocarbon chain compared to samples B and C, it is classifi ed as intermediate oil, medium salinity for water formation, and rock mineral is dominated with quartz without gypsum that is very harmful to the fuction of surfactant. The developed peptide surfactant hasn’t been stable at high temperature yet. When tested at 70°C, the interfacial tension value increase to around 10-1 dyne/cm. Displacement effi ciency using oil sample A is less than 1%. Based on these results, the next peptide surfactant design will be focused on resistance capability improvement to temperature and peptide amino acid structure position to produce the better result of surfactant. The performance test results of peptide surfactant presented in this paper is valuable in designing specifi c peptide surfactant for certain oil fi eld.
IN SILICO POTENTIAL ANALYSIS OF X6D MODEL OF PEPTIDE SURFACTANT FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
Cut Nanda Sari;
Usman;
Rukman Hertadi;
Tegar Nurwahyu Wijaya;
Leni Herlina;
Ken Sawitri Suliandari;
Syafrizal;
Onie Kristiawan
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 39 No. 2 (2016): SCOG
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS
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DOI: 10.29017/scog.39.2.267
Peptides and their derivatives can be applied in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to their ability to form an emulsion with hydrophobic molecules. However, peptide research for EOR application, either theoretical or computational studies, is still limited. The purpose of this research is to analyse the potency of the X6D model of surfactant peptide for EOR by molecular dynamics simulations in oil-water interface. Molecular dynamics simulation using GROMACS Software with Martini force field can assess a peptides ability for self-assembly and emulsification on a microscopic scale. Molecular dynamics simulations combined with coarse grained models will give information about the dynamics of peptide molecules in oil-water interface and the calculation of interfacial tension value. Four designs of X6D model: F6D, L6D, V6D, and I6D are simulated on the oil-water interface. The value of interfacial tension from simulation show the trend of F6D L6D > I6D > V6D. The results indicate that V6D has the greatest reduction in interfacial tension and has the stability until 90C with the salinity of at least 1M NaCl.
CONSTRUCTION AND EXPRESSION?OF QUARTET RECOMBINANT PEPTIDE SURFACTANT FOR EOR APPLICATION
Cut Nanda Sari;
Usman;
Refiana Lestary;
Riesa Khairunnisa W.R.;
Leni Herlina;
Syafrizal;
Tati Kristianti;
Sony Suhandono
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 39 No. 3 (2016): SCOG
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS
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DOI: 10.29017/scog.39.3.271
The main drawback of the SUPEL peptide surfactant product which has been developed for EOR application is it isunstable at a high temperature. This research is aimed at generating the prototype of peptide surfactant construction in recombinant by stringing up 4 SUPEL linier sequences. Quartet recombinant technology can produce the peptide surfactant characterized as reversible biosurfactant, which is active at high temperature but inactive at low temperature. Multiple SUPEL Construction (MSC) that was developed in this research is using synthetic DNA and producing SUPEL in 4 sequences that can flip at normal temperature and can open when heated. SDS PAGE analysis results show that MSC construction can be expressed by inducting IPTG and cell harvested at 90C. This research proves that construction and expression of the SUPEL quartet has been achieved by producing the peptide at an ideal size.
PROSPECT FOR CO2 EOR TO OFFSET THE COST OF CCS AT COAL POWER PLANTS
Usman
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 39 No. 3 (2016): SCOG
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS
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DOI: 10.29017/scog.39.3.276
Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) technology has gained confi dence in its ability to yield dramatic reductions of CO2 emissions from large stationary emissions sources such as coal-fi red power plants. However, the pace of CCS projects has suffered from a less supportive business case. Utilization of CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (CO2 EOR) offers commercial opportunities owing to its economic profi tability from incremental oil production offsetting the cost of CCS. This paper describes the prospect of CO2 EOR offsetting the cost of CCS at a coal-fi red power plant. A coal-fi redpower plant assumed to be commissioned in 2022 is selected as the basis of this study. The Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of this plant without CCS is estimated at US$ 6.4 cents/kWh and emits around 4.1 MtCO2 /year. Integrating CCS to the selected coal power plant imposed additional costs associated with CO2 capture, transportation, and storage systems. The incremental costs are evaluated based on separation of 90%, 45%, and 22.5% of CO2 from the power plant fl ue gas. Under the 90% capture scenario, the LCOE raised more than double to 15.5 US cents/kWh which is primarily attributed to the energy penalty. A minimal reduction of 0.9 cents/kWh could bring the LCOE down below the ceiling price for geothermal. Reducing the CO2 capture percentage from 90% to 45% could reduce the LCOE to 11.2 US cents/kWh. Lowering the cost to 0.6 cents/kWh or more for this case would result in the LCOE below the state-owned electricity company’s average cost of combined cycle gas turbine in 2012. Selling the captured CO2 under US$ 10 per tonne at the plant gate could help offset the cost. With numbers of new coal-fi red power plants expected to be constructed in the near term, integrated coal CCS power plant with EOR is relevant for Indonesia.
MICROEMULSION FLOODING MECHANISM FOR OPTIMUM OIL RECOVERY ON CHEMICAL INJECTION
Yani Faozani Alli;
Edward ML Tobing;
Usman
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 40 No. 2 (2017): SCOG
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS
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DOI: 10.29017/scog.40.2.287
The formation of microemulsion in the injection of surfactant at chemical flooding is crucial for the effectiveness of injection. Microemulsion can be obtained either by mixing the surfactant and oil at the surface or injecting surfactant into the reservoir to form in situ microemulsion. Its translucent homogeneous mixtures of oil and water in the presence of surfactant is believed to displace the remaining oil in the reservoir. Previously, we showed the effect of microemulsion-based surfactant formulation to reduce the interfacial tension (IFT) of oil and water to the ultralow level that suffi cient enough to overcome the capillary pressure in the pore throat and mobilize the residual oil. However, the effectiveness of microemulsion flooding to enhance the oil recovery in the targeted representative core has not been investigated.In this article, the performance of microemulsion-based surfactant formulation to improve the oil recovery in the reservoir condition was investigated in the laboratory scale through the core flooding experiment. Microemulsion-based formulation consist of 2% surfactant A and 0.85% of alkaline sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) were prepared by mixing with synthetic soften brine (SSB) in the presence of various concentration of polymer for improving the mobility control. The viscosity of surfactant-polymer in the presence of alkaline (ASP) and polymer drive that used for chemical injection slug were measured. The tertiary oil recovery experiment was carried out using core flooding apparatus to study the ability of microemulsion-based formulation to recover the oil production. The results showed that polymer at 2200 ppm in the ASP mixtures can generate 12.16 cP solution which is twice higher than the oil viscosity to prevent the fi ngering occurrence. Whereas single polymer drive at 1300 ppm was able to produce 15.15 cP polymer solution due to the absence of alkaline. Core flooding experiment result with design injection of 0.15 PV ASP followed by 1.5 PV polymer showed that the additional oil recovery after waterflood can be obtained as high as 93.41% of remaining oil saturation after waterflood (Sor), or 57.71% of initial oil saturation (Soi). Those results conclude that the microemulsion-based surfactant flooding is the most effective mechanism to achieve the optimum oil recovery in the targeted reservoir.
Downstreaming Buton Asphalt Into Heavy Oil Production: A Techno-Economic Analysis Approach
Danang Sismartono;
Bambang Widarsono;
Arie Rahmadi;
Usman;
Wanda Ali Akbar;
Djoko Sunarjanto;
Aziz M Lubad;
Herizal;
Atyanto D Atmoko;
Nurkamelia;
Rudi Suhartono;
Sunting Kepies
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 46 No. 3 (2023): SCOG
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS
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DOI: 10.29017/scog.46.3.327
Oil production from the extraction of Buton Asphalt (Asbuton) becomes an attractive bitumen to study considering that the use of Asbuton is currently still relatively limited for asphalt needs with absorption of only 0.9% of national asphalt needs, of course this is a contradiction considering Asbuton deposits reach 667 million tons. Another factor is the high price of crude oil encouraging the use of bitumen as an alternative to crude oil, especially heavy crude oil. Bitumen reserves contained in Asbuton are capable of meeting oil refinery needs of 50,000 BOPD or the equivalent of 4.3% of domestic refinery capacity for a period of 20 years. There are two options for Bitumen production from Asbuton, namely all production comes from open pit mining or a combination of production from open pit mining (40%) and in situ extraction (60%). The techno-economic analysis was prepared with the assumption that the Asbuton production area is part of the Oil and Gas Working Area with a Cost Recovery Production Sharing Contract (PSC) scheme. The development of Bitumen production from Asbuton provides feasible economic indicators with NPV = $ 973 million and IRR = 15.2%. During the contract period, the government received revenue of $ 12.0 billion and the contractor $ 14.6 billion. This economic feasibility study is expected to enrich further our understanding over Buton asphalt utilization in support of crude oil production in the future
Source Sink Matching for Field Scale CCUS CO2-EOR Application in Indonesia
Usman;
Dadan DSM Saputra;
Nurus Firdaus
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 44 No. 2 (2021): SCOG
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS
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The carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) referred in this paper is limited to the use of CO2 to the enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). The CCUS CO2-EOR technology can magnify oil production substantially while a consistent amount of the CO2 injected remains sequestrated in the reservoir, which is beneficial for reducing the greenhouse gas emission. Therefore, this technology is a potentially attractive win-win solution for Indonesia to meet the goal of improved energy supply and security, while also reducing CO2 emissions over the long term. The success of CCUS depends on the proper sources-sinks matching. This paper presents a systematic approach to pairing the CO2 captured from industrial activities with suitable oil fields for CO2-EOR. Inventories of CO2 sources and oil reservoirs were done through survey and data questionnaires. The process of sources-sinks matching was preceded by identifying the CO2 sources within the radius of 100 and 200 km from each oil field and clustering the fields within the same radius from each CO2 source. Each cluster is mapped on the GIS platform included existing and planning right of way for trunk pipelines. Pairing of source-sink are ranked to identify high priority development. Results of this study should be interest to project developers, policymakers, government agencies, academicians, civil society and environmental non-governmental organization in order to enable them to assess the role of CCUS CO2-EOR as a major carbon management strategy.