Articles
Black cumin seed oil increase leucocyte and CD4Thelper number in sprague-dawley rats induced with dimethylbenzanthracene
Titiek Hidayati;
Akrom Akrom;
Indrayanti Indrayanti;
Sagiran Sagiran
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.17930
Cigarette smoke contains 7, 12 dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). Metabolic of DMBA is immunosuppressive. Black cumin seed oil (BCSO) is an immunomodulation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of BCSO on leukocyte, CD4Th and CD4CD25Treg in Sprague-Dawley (SD) mice induced with DMBA. The 96 SD rats were divided into 8 groups of 12. Group I received aquabidest and standard feeding. Groups II, III and IV received BCSO (an equivalent of 6.8, 68 and 136 mg/kg BW / day thymoquinone, respectively). Group V received thymoquinone (50 mg / kg BW / day) and group VI received tamoxifen (60 mg / kg BW). Group VII (DMBA) was induced with DMBA (10x20mg / kg BW for 5 weeks). Group VIII received standard feeding and corn oil treatment. In the third week, all groups began to be induced with DMBA (20 mg/kg BW twice per week for five weeks). Data collection of leukocytes, CD4Th and CD4CD25Treg was performed at week 27th. The mean difference of CD4Th and CD4CD25Treg counts between groups was calculated with one way ANOVA. Results: The administration of BCSO, thymoquinone, and tamoxifen had increased leukocytes and CD4 Th cell count. The CD4Th cell count of the treatment groups was higher than that of the DMBA group (p <0.05). BCSO equivalent doses of 6.8 and 68 mg/kg BW / day thymoquinone showed immunoprotective effects. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the BCSO administration at doses of 6.8 and 68 mg/kg BW / day shows immunoprotective effects due to DMBA induction.
Clinical pharmacoepidemiology of antibiotics usage in intensive care unit of cancer special hospital
Akrom Akrom;
Rafiastiana Capritasari
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 9, No 3: September 2020
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v9i3.20447
The pattern of antibiotics use in cancer patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) of dharma is cancer special hospital (DCSH) has not been identified. The purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of antibiotics use in cancer patients treated in the ICU of DCSH from 2012-2014. This study was observational with a cross-sectional design. The data collection is done retrospectively. The inclusion criteria to recruit the subjects, i.e. Adult patients who had nosocomial infections in the ICU; Patients with medical records in the ICU who received antibiotics in the 2012-2014 periods. Patients originating from inpatients (wards); Patients with medical records were read. The exclusion criteria were postoperative patients and Patients with incomplete medical records. We collected data from medical records of cancer patients who had been admitted to the ICU in 2012-2014, medication administration records, sample submission, and laboratory records. There are 202 cancer patients including in the study. Leukemia and breast cancer were the most cancer’s diagnosis in the Subject. More than two hundred cancer patients were receiving antibiotic therapy, with more than 50% of them were diagnosed with pneumonia, followed by central infection (>20%) and urinary tract infection (>10%). The antibiotic most frequently used was meropenem, with 33.8%. The three most commonly used antibiotics from 2012 to 2014 were meropenem, levofloxacin, and ceftriaxone.
Infection and undernutrition increase the risk of stunting among rural children
Akrom Akrom;
Titiek Hidayati;
Olyvia Wulan Kencana;
Nurcholid Umam Kurniawan;
Prasasti Bintarum
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 11, No 3: September 2022
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v11i3.21592
The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is remaining high. Stunting is found to be more common in rural areas than in urban areas. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with stunting in rural areas. We conducted a case-controlled study in Public Health Center Jetis 1 Yogyakarta, Indonesia. We recruited 80 children with the purposive sampling technique. Data on birth weight and disease history were taken from their medical records. Data on consumption patterns of energy, protein, carbohydrate, and fat were collected through a nutritional survey. Different proportions were tested using the fisher test and the mean difference was tested using an independent t-test. The results showed that child stunting had lower energy and protein consumption levels than non-stunting children (p=0.000). Diarrheal infection, frequency, and duration of illness were more common in stunted than in non-stunted children (p<0.05). Consumption of protein and energy was associated with stunting (p<0.05). This research found differences in the incidence of infection, frequency, length of illness, and hospital stay between stunted and non-stunted children. There is a significant association between the consumption of protein and energy with stunted growth in children in rural public health children.
Pharmaceutical Care Training Increases the Ability Pharmacists to Reduce the Incidence of Medication Error
Akrom Akrom;
Budiyono Budiyono;
Woro Supadmi
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 4, No 2: June 2015
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v4i2.4721
The objective of the study was to know the potential incidence of medication errors before and after the training of pharmaceutical care in the Outpatient Pharmacy Unit of general privat hospital in rural area of Yogyakarta. The observational studi used to describe the potential medication errors in prescribing phase and dispensing phase and to determine its completion. This research was conducted prior to the training of pharmaceutical care that is in May and after the training of pharmaceutical care that was in June 2014 at the Outpatient Unit of general privat hospital in rural area Yogyakarta. The data was taken from a book review of prescriptions in outpatient units for the month. The results showed that the number of potential medication errors before the training of pharmaceutical care in prescribing phase (prescribing errors) found 17 cases or 0.21% and the dispensing phase (dispensing error) as many as 36 cases or 0.45%. While the potential for medication errors after the training phase of pharmaceutical care in prescribing phase (prescribing error) is found as many as 115 cases or 1.45% and the dispensing phase (dispensing error) is found as many as 165 cases or 2.10%.
Health education improve behavior and self-efficacy on personal hygiene among children with intellectual disability
Titiek Hidayati;
Akrom Akrom;
Indri Nurasa;
Erviana Erviana
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 8, No 4: December 2019
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v8i4.20370
Personal hygiene is one of the basic human needs and must be kept clean, including scalp and hair, eyes, nose, ears, nails of hands and feet, skin and overall body care. Health education on personal hygiene is still concern not only for healthy children but also for children with disabilities. One of the ways is with audiovisual methods. This study aimed to analyze the effect of health education on personal hygiene with audiovisual methods. The study design used was pre-experiment without a control group. The number of samples was 30 using total sampling technique. Knowledge of personal hygiene before health education (pre-test) was mostly insufficient category, after being given health education (post-test) mainly was in proper group. The pre-test attitude was in low category, and the post-test was still the same. Pre-test and post-test of behavior were mostly being practiced. Pre-test and post-test of self-efficacy were in low category. There was an influence of health education on personal hygiene with audiovisual methods on the level of knowledge in intellectually disabled children (p<0.05), but there was no effect on attitudes, behaviors, and self-efficacy in intellectually disabled children.
Black Cumin Seed Oil Antidiabetogenic by Increasing Pancreatic P53 Expression
Akrom Akrom;
Rizma Nurfadjrin;
Endang Darmawan;
Titiek Hidayati
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 7, No 3: September 2018
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v7i3.13694
Black cumin seed oil (BCSO) contains many thymoquinone and unsaturated fatty acids that act as antioxidants. Thymoquinone was thought to inhibit pancreatic damage and prevent hyperglycemia by involving p53. The study aimed to determine the BCSO effect on Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and p53 expression of pancreatic tissues in alloxan-induced Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. This study used Pre and Post Test with Control Group Design with 49 male Sprague Dawley rats aged 30 days weighing 150 - 300 gram. Rats were divided into 7 groups: Group I, the normal control group receiving standard feeding and drinking; Group II, the negative control group receiving alloxan; Group III & IV, the treatment groups, receiving BCSO with a dose of 6.9 mg/KgBW (BCSO6.8) and 68 mg/KgBW (BCSO68 group); Group V, the positive control 1 group receiving simvastatin 10 mg/KgBW; Group VI, the positive control 2 group receiving vitamin C 18 mg/200mgBW; Group VII, the solvent control receiving DMSO. The treatment groups received two different doses per day for 9 days orally. Blood MDA and glucose levels were determined by spectrophotometry and p53 expression of pancreas tissues were read by a pathologist. The results show that the BCSO68 group had a decreased activity of MDA and glucose but a higher expression of p53 in pancreatic tissues compared to the BCSO6.8 group. Decreased Malondialdehyde levels in the BCSO68 group were similar to those in the vitamin C group but lower than those in the simvastatin group (p<0.05). It can be concluded that the BCSO administration of 68 mg/KgBW per day can decrease blood Malondialdehyde and glucose levels and increase p53 expression.
Nicotine level associated with decreasing Treg number in smoker healthy volunteers
Akrom Akrom;
Tri Julia Purnamasari;
Zaky Nurfaiz;
Adnan Adnan;
Endang Darmawan;
Muhammad Muhlis
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 10, No 1: March 2021
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20570
The intensity of cigarette exposure is associated with the severity of the inflammatory reaction. Treg cell plays a role in suppressing the inflammatory response. There has been no clear evidence on the relationship between smoker behavior with the nicotine level and Treg number. We will investigate the relationship between smoking behavior with the nicotine level and Treg number. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 106 healthy volunteers in Yogyakarta. We interviewed the subjects and took their blood samples for hemogram, Treg number, nicotine level, and blood chemistry examination. The inclusion criteria were fit, male or female, aged 18 years or older, and willing to volunteer proven by completing and signing the informed consent. We collected the data on smoking habits through interviews guided by a questionnaire. We examined hemogram and blood chemistry using a spectrophotometer, while the levels of nicotine were measured using The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We described the characteristics of the subjects by univariate analysis. The bivariate analysis was to determine the relationship between cigarette smoking length with nicotine level and Treg number. The results show a connection between the range of tobacco and cigarette number with nicotine levels in the blood with a value of r=0.63 in the Pearson correlation test p<0.00. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between behavior smoking with nicotine levels and Treg counts.
Black Cumin Seed Oilas Hepatoprotector in Decreasing SGPT and SGOT Activity and Increasing p53 Gene Expression in Sprague Dawley Rats Induced by Alloxan
Akrom Akrom;
Endang Darmawan;
Liesma Yuhelvia
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 4, No 3: September 2015
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v4i3.4727
The objective of this research was to determine the effect of BCSO on SGPT/SGOT levels and p53 expression in rats induced by alloxan. This study applied a post test only control group design. A total of 42 SD rats were divided into 6 groups. Group I was normal rats. Group II (negative control) was given alloxan. Group III and IV (treatment groups) were given BCSO with equivalent doses of 6.8 mg/kg and 68 mg/kg thymoquinone, respectively (BCSO 6.8 and BCSO68 groups). Group V (positive control) was given vitamin C. Group VI (control media) were given DMSO. BCSO and Vitamin C are given for 1 week. Alloxan was given on 7th day, i.p. On the 8th day did blood sampling for measurement of SGPT and SGOT levels. Liver retrieval was performed on the 9th day continued immunohistochemistry staining. The average levels of SGPT/SGOT were then analyzed with ANOVA test. p53 expression was analyzed by Kolmogorov Semirnov and Levene then followed by Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney. Statistical tests performed on 95% confidence level. The results showed that the induction of alloxan increased levels of SGPT/SGOT. BCSO68 reduced SGPT /SGOT levels in alloxan-induced rats (p < 0.05). Both BCSO 6.8 and BCSO68 increased the expression of p53 in liver tissue of alloxan – induced rats. Average percentage of p53 expression in group I to group VI were 11.12 ± 0.37; 19.24 ± 4.47; 30.31 ± 1.59; 40.43 ± 1.74; 29.67 ± 0.47; 12.02 ± 1.01, respectively. The result of statistical analysis showed the value of p < 0.05 in all groups except in group III. It can be concluded that BCSO may have hepatoprotective effect and increase the expression of p53 in the liver of alloxan-induced rats.
Clinical conditions and history of illness among terminal chronic kidney disease patients
Titiek Hidayati;
Arya Adiningrat;
Akrom Akrom
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 8, No 4: December 2019
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v8i4.20362
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is one of the public health problems in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the clinical condition of premorbid and the incidence of ESRD. The study design is a case-control. The number of volunteers involved in this study was 100 patients. The cases were ESRD patients who were determined by the criteria of Pernefri and the controls were patients from the same hospital who were not ESRD by the requirements of ESRD Pernefri. Inclusion criteria of the study sample were ESRD sufferers need routine hemodialysis and doctor's diagnosis supported by laboratory data, 15-75 years old and willing to fill out inform consent. Exclusion criteria for the study sample were patients with congenital kidney disease, Have a history of kidney transplants, and mental disorder. We collected demographic data, and patient’s clinical and drug history from medical records. Chi-square analysis with 2x2 tables and the Fisher's exact test were used to determine the relationship of clinical conditions and history of disease with the incidence of ESRD. The results showed that anemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia were related to the prevalence of ESRD. History of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and family history of ESRD are associated with an increased incidence of ESRD.
The effect of physical activity on lymphocyte count in smokers who consume black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.) oil
Titiek Hidayati;
Akrom Akrom;
Laili Apriani
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 9, No 1: March 2020
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v9i1.20402
Twenty percent of the total number of human leukocytes is lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are responsible for the control of the adaptive immune system. Physical activity is any body movement that requires energy to do it. Physical activity is related to changes in a person's immunity so that it can reduce the risks of diseases such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and stroke. Black Cumin Seed Oil (BCSO) in various studies has been widely used as a supplement, especially as an immune-modulator. The purpose of this study is to see the effect of physical activity on lymphocyte levels in smokers who have been given Black Cumin Seed Oil for 30 days. This study used a single-blind Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) method, with a total of 36 test subjects divided into four groups. Group 1 received placebo 3x1 capsules/day, group 2 received BCSO 3x1 capsules/day, group 3 received BCSO 3x2 capsules/day, and group 4 received BCSO 3x3 capsules/day. The intervention was carried out for 30 days, then on the 31st-day blood was drawn for analysis. Data analysis using an independent t-test to see the average group with high and low activity, while to see the average lymphocyte between treatment groups using one way ANOVA test. The test results were said to be significant if p <0.05. The p-value of the independent t-test is 0.045, and one way ANOVA test p-value is 0.343. In conclusion, physical activity can increase lymphocyte levels significantly, but not on BCSO administration.